Current issue

• 2011 Vol.27 No.1 Published:07 January 2011

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  Recent Advances in Research of Gibberellin 2011, 27 (1):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1728 )   PDF ( 746805KB )   ( 3376 ) The considerable progress has been obtained in the biosynthesis, signal transduction and physiological functions of gibberellin (GA). The above research results were reviewed to make people understand GA, and guide the application of GA in agricultural production.

  A review on the mechanism of potassium uptake and regulation in plants 2011, 27 (1):  6-10.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 624567KB )   ( 2626 ) Potassium is one of essential minerals that contributes to plant growth and development. The potassium uptake and its regulation on physiology and molecular biology have obtained many achievements. So, this article summarizes resent developments on K uptake, influence factors and regulation.

  The Study on the Rice Cross-breeding in Contemporary China 2011, 27 (1):  11-16.  Abstract + ( 1117 )   PDF ( 662655KB )   ( 1423 ) China's rice cross-breeding research began in the late 20th century. In the next 20 years, China's rice breeders carried out the systematic studies on natural cross rate, parent selection, cross fertility, cross technology, cross descent's processing and conducted cross breeding tests. In 1933, China's breeders bred the first cross rice, Zhongshan No.1, and these opened a new era in rice breeding in China.

  Advances of Research on the Relation of Starch Synthesis and Granule structure of rice to Grain Quality 2011, 27 (1):  17-23.  Abstract + ( 1597 )   PDF ( 690237KB )   ( 2251 ) Starch is the main component of the rice grain, which is also the main energy source of people’ food. Many researchers had begun to pay attention to the way of starch biosynthesis in order to control this way and to improve the quality and quantity of starch, which required a broad understanding of starch biosynthesis and the association between physicochemical properties and granule structure of starch. The structure and composition of starch granules and the chain length distribution of amylopectin had been previously done in-depth study, the key enzymes of rice starch biosynthesis and quality indicators had also been analyzed. In this paper, it was the relationship that between the biosynthesis and granule structure of rice starch and rice quality had been reviewed, providing a theoretical basis for the cultivation and improvement of rice quality.

  Studying Agronomic Traits and Quality of Oat Varieties by GGE Bipiot 2011, 27 (1):  24-29.  Abstract + ( 1713 )   PDF ( 688943KB )   ( 1278 ) Abstract: The high yield, quality and adaptability of 17 new varieties (strains) of oat were analyzed by GGE Biplot under the semi-arid farming-pastoral zone in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain，and provided basis for sellecting new varieties of oats with high yield and quality. The results showed that: the straw yield of H44 was the highest, the grain yield of KeYan No.1 was the highest, the protein and fat content of 2004R-17 was the highest, the content of β-glucan of Bayou No.10 was the highest and the content of lysine of Bayou No.8 was the highest. The correlation analysis indicated that the grain yield was significantly correlated with the number of spikelets and 1000-grain weight, and the yield of straw was also significantly correlated with plant height、tiller number and the number of spikelets. The number of spikelets and grains per spike ,and grain yield or the straw yield had a negative correlation. Lysine and β-glucan、β-glucan and fat、fat and protein showed a significant correlation，and Lysine and fat、lysine and protein、β-glucan and protein had a negative correlation.

  The water resources abundant and famine of winter wheat different growth stage in Gansu east plateau area 2011, 27 (1):  30-35.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 614477KB )   ( 1079 ) This article uses the world food and agriculture organize (FAO) announcement the pattern, has calculated Gansu east plateau area winter wheat different growth stage water demand, and analyzed this region winter wheat different growth stage water resources abundant and famine, has been possible to grow the season water resources constitution and the agricultural production countermeasure. The analysis demonstrated that east Gansu before the plateau area winter wheat winter the vegetal period water resources are surplus, after turn green the vegetal period water resources to be short, the short most serious time interval is Cheng Suiqi, namely mid-April to mid-May, the water resources total quantity accounts for the water demand 67%, 80% guarantee rate is only 31%, is affects the winter wheat output the crucial phase. Spring, the summer, fall three may grow in the season, spring the wheat field water resources by the early spring soil water storage primarily, summer by the natural precipitation primarily, the autumn early fall soil water storage and the natural precipitation account for the water resources total quantity the proportion to be close. The adult plant vegetal period water resources, Cheng Suiqi the water resources and the entire period of duration water consumption and the winter wheat output relativity are high, seedling time and grain formative year water resources to output influence relative small. The agricultural production needs to act according to the different time water resources constitution characteristic macro-scientific policy-making planter pattern, and takes the project measure or the production measure reduces effectively survives the winter the time soil moisture to lose, before the wheat field winter the prosperous long sludge fertilizer loses, the late autumn and early the Spring and Autumn Period white moisture content invalid loss, raises the moisture content use factor.

  Effects of different tillage on farmland environment and yield of winter wheat 2011, 27 (1):  36-41.  Abstract + ( 1444 )   PDF ( 861664KB )   ( 1246 ) Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different tillage on soil physical properties, weeds, yield of winter wheat and its components. Before jointing stage, NT, NTS3000 and NTS6000 could significantly increase the topsoil water content, NTS3000 and NTS6000 could significantly decrease soil temperature. After jointing stage, the difference of soil water content and temperature between different treatments decreased. Compared with RT, NT, NTS3000 and NTS6000 could significantly increase 0~5 cm soil bulk density, weed density, height and fresh weight of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic., and decrease 15~20 cm soil bulk density, weed density, height and fresh weight of Lithospermum ravense L. and Descurainia Sophia (L.) webb, RTS could also decrease the density of Lithospermum arvense L. and Descurainia sophia (L.) webb, but increased their average height and fresh weight. The grain yield of NTS3000 and NT was 13.0% and 8.3% higher than that of RT, whereas, RTS and NTS6000 was 9.1% and 17.4% lower than that of RT. In view of the beneficial effects of farmland environment on wheat production in NTS3000 plot, NTS3000 was the more suitable conservation tillage for North China Plain.

  Transferred HMW Glutenin Subunits from Aegilops biuncialis to Common wheat and Its Genetic Analysis 2011, 27 (1):  42-44.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 687179KB )   ( 1087 ) Two HMW glutenin subunits in Aegilops biuncialis, named with Glu-Aeb1 and Glu-Aeb2,can be easily identified from common wheat using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 21 Aegilops biuncialis and common wheat hybrid progenies（BC2F6）along with 15 hybrids（F0）of BC2F5 and common wheat hybrid progenies were studied using SDS-PAGE. The results showed that all the materials are in possession of Aegilops biuncialis HMW glutenin subunits. The transfer frequency of Glu-Aeb1 in BC2F6 and F0 are 59.52% and 20.94%,respectively. While the transfer frequency of Glu-Aeb2 in BC2F6 and F0 are 40.48% and 22.96%, respectively．

  Studied on the Breeding Application of Six Photo-Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line Mutants with Greenable Albino Leaf 2011, 27 (1):  45-51.  Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 1534604KB )   ( 1185 ) In order to evaluate the breeding utilization of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile mutant lines with greenable albino leaf, the inheritance and main agronomic traits of six photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines with greenable albino leaf were investigated. The results indicated that six mutants may be divided into three types: albino to pale-green type (21W4), albino regreening type (21W7, 21W9 and 21W13) and albino to kelly type (21W1 and 21W10).The mutated green-revertible albino leaf color trait of 21W1 was controlled by a single dominant gene, and those others were all controlled by a single recessive gene. These mutants were different with “SE21S” in plant height, second leave from top, No.of productive number, heading day, width of floret, single-outcrossing rate and total outcrossing rate, and they had similar fertility characteristics to the corresponding male sterile line “SE21S”. The hybrids of these mutants had similar caracteristics with original-hybrids in plant type and height, but their yield components were different with different mutants, the hybrids of 21W4, 21W9 and 21W10 had better yield potential compared with original-hybrids and maybe they had better breeding application prospects.

  Breeding of High Yield and Good Quality Hybrid Rice 'Ⅱ You936' 2011, 27 (1):  52-56.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 689268KB )   ( 1319 ) Space mutation was a new technology of breeding. China's scientific and technological workers created a group of new rice germplasm, varieties and hybrid rice restorer line by space mutation. Fuhui 936 is a hybrid rice restorer line by space mutation and crossbreeding technology. It was bred by multiple cross of the restorer line Minghui 86 dry seeds after being carried by recoverable satellite / Tainong 67//CDR22. Ⅱyou936 was developed from the cross of good quality three-line male sterile ‘Ⅱ-32A’ with restorer line Fuhui 936. Its yield significantly increased by 10.82% compared with the control Shanyou 63 in 2 years the regional trial of Fujian province. Its resistance was stronger than Shanyou 63 to rice blast. Furthermore, its quality reached Grand 2 national good quality rice standard. II you936 has passed test by the crop variety approval committee of in 2005.This research could be successful in bringing out new varieties of high yield and fine quality hybrid rice.

  Breeding of Hybrid Rice Tianyou 673 with High Yield and Resistance to Blast 2011, 27 (1):  57-62.  Abstract + ( 1375 )   PDF ( 685938KB )   ( 1094 ) In order to cause plant genetic variation and quickly breed varieties to improve the yield, quality and resistance of crop, a new method of space breeding was researched. Fuhui 673 was a hybrid rice restorer line bred by space mutation and crossbreeding technology in Rice Research of Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Its characters were strong restorer ability, wide restorer profile and good combining capacity. Tianyou 673 was developed from the cross of good quality three-line male sterile Tianfeng A with restorer line Fuhui 673. The results of many year experiments showed that Tianyou 673 had characteristics of high yield, resistance to rice blast, fine grain quality, suitable maturity, wide adaptability and high seed production. The average yield was 7.09 t/hm2 in two years for Fujian province regional test, 5.39% higher than the check variety Shanyou 63. Its yield was 7.56 t/hm2 in Fujian province productive regional test, 10.29% higher than the check variety Shanyou. It has shown resistance to rice blast in two years for Fujian province regional test of identification of rice blast indoor. It was registered and released for commercial use in Fujian province in March, 2010. The method of space mutation combined with crossbreeding technology could be successful in bringing out new varieties of high yield and resistance to blast.

  Effects of Low Temperature Stresses on the Characters of Plant , Yield and the Proline Contents in Rice Leaves at Booting and Heading Stages 2011, 27 (1):  63-68.  Abstract + ( 1873 )   PDF ( 747716KB )   ( 1887 ) Taking Liaoxing1 and Liaoyou5218 at booting and heading stages as test materials, this paper studied the changes of the characters of plant and yield and its relationships with the proline contents of rice leaves under low temperature stresses in pot experiment in order to discuss the injury mechanism of low temperature on reproductive growth stages and the function of changes of proline content of leaves in stresses. The results showed that the plant height was more sensitive to low temperature at the heading stage among characters of plant. Panicle exsertion was more sensitive to low temperature at booting stage, and it had significant positive correlations with the full-filled grains and the seed setting rate, it might be used as evaluation index in study of stress resistance. Indexes of grains per spike, full-filled grains per hill and 1000-grain weight were more sensitive to low temperature at booting stage among characters of yield. The lower and longer the temperature stress, the higher the proline contents in rice leaves. The highest proline value added of Liaoxing1 was 2.65 times higher than that of the control, and that of Liaoyou5218 was 7.66 times. At booting stage, the proline contents of Liaoyou5218 had significant negative correlations with the panicle exsertion, the full-filled grains per hill and the seed setting rate. At the heading stage, the proline contents of Liaoxing1 and Liaoyou5218 were significant negative to the plant height, the full-filled grains per hill and the seed setting rate. And there was a significant positive correlation between the praline content and the unfulfilled grains per hill of Liaoxing1. The changes of the proline contents were objective appearances of low temperature stresses, and it would lead to an inaccurate result in study of stress resistance when it was used as the only evaluation index.

  Grey Correlation Degree Analysis on Yield and Photosynthetic characteristics of Ear leaf on Hybrids of corn 2011, 27 (1):  69-73.  Abstract + ( 1587 )   PDF ( 673560KB )   ( 1107 ) The photosynthetic characteristics of ear on corn play an important role in yield formation of corn. Application of grey relational analysis method, the correlation of yield characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of ear on corn were analyzed. The results showed that the magnitude on effects of vary photosynthetic characters on weight per Ear in turn was ear stem length, area, length, PN, specific leaf weight, wide, concentration of chlorophyll, ear position, plant height, value of orientation, ear stem length and thickness, etc. The top three magnitudes on synthetically effects of photosynthetic characteristics on yield was ear stem length, length, specific leaf weight.

  Analysis on Combining Ability of Reid*PN Corn Inbred Lines 2011, 27 (1):  74-78.  Abstract + ( 1527 )   PDF ( 596394KB )   ( 1535 ) For 2 types, 10 inbred lines, 25 hybridized combinations were made by using incomplete dual cross. The GCA, SCA of plant height, ear length, ear length, ear diameter, length of forming kernel, ear rows, per row kernels, plot yield, forming kernel rate, 100-kernel weight, forming kernel rate has been analyzed in this paper. The result indicated that with the adding of 5003 inbred lines genetic material, combining ability of new inbred lines which from Reid inbred lines*PN inbred lines has been increased; using the same breeding method , combining ability of new inbred lines is dependent on the basic materials of this inbred lines; selected the excellent from the excellent basic materials (excellent*excellent),it can make the combining ability effect of new inbred lines exceeded its parent and accumulated in new inbred lines.

  Genetic Analysis of Plant Type Traits and the Relationships between Plant Type Traits and Yield Traits of hybrids of Bt Transgenic Cotton×High Quality Upland Cotton 2011, 27 (1):  79-83.  Abstract + ( 1577 )   PDF ( 643082KB )   ( 1237 ) Optimal plant architecture contribute to the increase of photosynthesis efficiency and cotton yield. Little information is available about the inheritance and heterosis of plant architecture characters in upland cotton. The objective of this study were to evaluate the genetic effects and heterosis of plant architecture characters in a population made by crossing five Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) transgenic cotton varieties as males and five nontransgenic lines with high fiber strength as females, and analyze the interrelationships between plant architecture characters and yield and yield components. The results showed the mean mid-parent heterosis of plant height, height of the first fruiting branch, fruiting branch number and fruiting node number were rather low, but expressed large variations among diverse cotton crosses. The four plant architecture characters exhibited primarily additive genetic effects. The genetic correlations between plant height and bolls per plant, single plant lint yield were found positive and significant at 0.01 level. Fruit branch number was positively related with bolls per plant, but was negatively correlated with boll weight. There were significant positive relationships between fruit node number and bolls per plant, lint percentage, single plant lint yield. The relationship between plant architecture traits and yield traits was mainly due to the correlation between fruit node number and bolls per plant, boll weight.

  Screening of Cotton Varieties with High Nitrogen Efficiency at Seedling Stage 2011, 27 (1):  84-88.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 631063KB )   ( 1222 ) This experiment was conducted to study the growing and Nitrogen (N) nutrition and to screen of the nitrogen high efficiency of 33 cotton varieties through water culturing. The experiment adopted H?C?АВДОНИН ingredient water culturing and installed two N levels (1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L) ,and every level was three repetitions, analytic the total plant dry weight, N utilization index of total plant, N concentration of plant, the total plant weight, root-top ratio of different cotton varieties. Significant positive correlations (r=0.946**, N=33, P<0.01) were observed between the relative dry weight of the whole plant with N concentration of plant, and positive correlations (r = 0.432*, N=33, P<0.05) were observed between with N utilization index of total plant. Thus, the total plant dry weight could be first screening index for low N tolerance. Positive correlations (r = 0.445*, N=33, P<0.05) were observed between N concentration of plant with N utilization index of total plant, and they could be secondary screening index for low N tolerance. The results indicated that there were great difference among cotton varieties in the low nitrogen ability, XLZ12, XLZ21, XLZ26, XLZ31, XLZ32, XH25 had higher N utilization efficiency, stronger N absorption ability, and higher N utilization index in low N level; while cultivars PTYH, XLZ 19, XH3, XH13, AJJL and XLZ 36 had lower N efficiency, fewer N absorption ability and lower N utilization index in normal N level. Our conclusion is that preliminary screening of cotton genotypes tolerant to low-potassium at the seedling stage was feasible using a hydroponic culture. However, some important genotypes would need further screening in the field.

  Study on FA efficiency and Recommended Amount of FA on Salinization Cotton Field in South Xinjiang Province 2011, 27 (1):  89-94.  Abstract + ( 1462 )   PDF ( 931573KB )   ( 1032 ) Abstract: Xinjiang Province is one of the main regions where produce cotton and foodstuff in the country and its agriculture has been markedly affected by soil salinization for a long time, how to ameliorate these lands is a hotspot. Humic acid soil modifier FA was added to test soil for evaluating its effect on amelioration of heavy soda saline-alkali and low fertility cotton field, we measured soil electrical conductance, cotton growth and yield as screening means to study the effect of the FA on the improvement of saline-alkali soil and recommend dosage. Our results showed that: (1) FA Handilong had active effect on the soil moisture. The correlation analysis of application rate of FA and water retention performance of soil indicated that application rate of FA and water retention performance of soil have a positive correlation; (2)FA could reduce the salt contents and control the percentage of soil salt of 0-60 cm about 0.5 ms/cm; (3) Indicators such as plant height stem thickness, leaf area and field of cotton all increased as application rate of FA. Analyzed from yield, desalting effect, FA Handilong input costs and the economic benefit, FA could reduce the salt contents, increase yield, improve soil and enhance effects of water and soil conservation on saling cotton field. Its optimum application dose was in the range of 1500-2950.5 kg/hm2.

  Speciation of Heavy Metals in Fe-Mn Nodules Soil in Karst Area 2011, 27 (1):  95-99.  Abstract + ( 1577 )   PDF ( 828172KB )   ( 1028 ) Abstract: The paper analyzed the speciation of heavy metals in Fe-Mn nodules soil in karst area by using Tessier A sequential extraction method,and determined the heavy metal contents with AAS.The results showed that, in A、B layer soil,residual fraction was the highest proportion in Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn,Fe-Mn oxides fraction was the highest proportion in Mn;bioavilable of Cd was the highest proportion in all heavy metal contents,while others was very low,so Cd was the mainly cause of pollution,potentially available of Mn was the highest proportion,so should also take note of its impact.

  Effects of Glyphosate Resistant Transgenic Soybean on Bacterial Diversity in Rhizospheric Soil 2011, 27 (1):  100-104.  Abstract + ( 1836 )   PDF ( 1149110KB )   ( 1842 ) DGGE-cloning sequencing method was chosen to study the effects of the planting of glyphosate resistant transgenic soybean (Roundup Reandy Soybean, RRS) on bacterial diversity in the rhizospheric soil during the growing period. The results showed that the rhizospheric bacterial 16S rDNA DGGE fingerprintings between glyphosate resistant transgenic soybean and non-transgenic soybean were similar within different growing stages, with only two different bands in the stages of emerging and feed filling, the two bands belonged to uncultured Gemmatimonadetes bacterium clone (vanished) and uncultured Firmicutes bacterium clone GASP-KC3W1_H04 (appeared) respectively; the diversity index and evenness index of 16S rDNA DGGE fingerprintings between glyphosate resistant transgenic soybean and non-transgenic soybean were with no significant differences. The glyphosate resistant transgenic soybean had no significant effects on the soil bacteria.

  Spatial Variability of Microelements in Full-aroma Type Tobacco Plantation Area on Small-scale 2011, 27 (1):  105-110.  Abstract + ( 1511 )   PDF ( 1495344KB )   ( 1464 ) PingDingShan district is the main area where the full aroma type tobacco is distributed in China. The soil microelements are very important to the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Study on the spatial variability of soil microelements in tobacco plantation soils is the foundation of precision agriculture. In this study, the geostatistics analysis is used to analyze the spatial variability of soil microelements in PingDingShan area, and the interpolation map of soil microelements are made for analysis the spatial distributions. The result showed: (1)The CVs from mathematical statistics were between 13.49% (available Cu)and 36.51% (available Zn), and the four microelements are meet the normal distribution. (2)The spherical models are the optimal models that showed the spatial variability of microelements. The nuggets, ranges and the rations of Co/Co+C of all tested microelements contents are between 0.01~4.66, 34.3~376.3 m, 13.61%~49.99%, respectively. (3)The anisotropy analysis showed that the four kinds of soil microelements have a certain degree of anisotropy, the anisotropy of available copper and iron are more, and the available manganese and zinc are less. (4)The interpolation maps of the soil microelements with Kriging showed that there were strong effects of random effects (human’s action) action on the spatial variability of available Zn. The spatial distributions of available Fe, Cu and Mn contents were decided by structural factors (soil parent materials) in PingDingShan district. The research on the statistical characters and the semivariance structure of the 4 microelements can provide scientific basis for using reasonable of tobacco plantation field, and provide the guidelines for management of soil nutrients, soil amelioration and cultivation.

  The Analysis on Effects of Soil Particle Composition and Available Nutrient under Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Black Soil Erosion Area of Jilin Province 2011, 27 (1):  111-115.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   In order to seek the appropriate restoration method to eco-environment and soil quality in black soil erosion area, the effects of soil particle composition and available nutrient were discussed under different soil and water conservation measures in typical black soil in Jilin province through soil samples with “S” distribution in the whole slope at Yushu gully. The results showed that the measure of ecology restoration II would be the best choice to cure small watershed, and restore soil fertilize. The contents of clay of soil and water conservation measures were lower (12.6%), the soil texture were loam. The restore effects of soil available nutrients were affected by soil and water conservation measures, the contents of soil available nutrients were not higher. Alkaline N content and soil silt and clay particle composition contents were significant negative correlation, available K content and soil sand and clay particle composition contents were very significant correlation, but available P content and soil particle composition contents were not correlation. To control degradation of the black soil and ensure ecology security, improvement of soil fertility should be considered with local plenty straw and stalk when soil loss was comprehensive cured corresponding to national demand.

  Relationships Between Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Tobacco Cultivation Soil and Distribution of AM fungi 2011, 27 (1):  116-120.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 744455KB )   ( 1156 ) The physical and chemical properties of different tobacco cultivation soils and distribution of the characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their relationships were studied. In the field experiments were carried out and parts of tobacco areas in Shandong Province and Yunnan Province as examples, which by agricultural analysis to analyze the physical and chemical properties of tobacco cultivation soil and by sucrose density gradient centrifugation to separate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of tobacco cultivation soils were affected significantly by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, tobacco cultivation areas with high arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in soil, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were significantly decreased, changes in available nutrients more obviously, but the pH of the soil had no obvious relationships with the amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores. It was concluded that there was a big difference between the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and soil organic matter in the residue of tobacco cultivated sites, addition to no significant difference in pH. Tobacco cultivation in Qingdao residual soil nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium content were significantly lower than the other regions showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil maybe significantly promote tobacco available nutrient absorption and utilization of soil a certain extent.

  The Analysis of the Main Factors that the Tobacco Soil Conditions Affect the Reducing Sugar in Qujing City 2011, 27 (1):  121-126.  Abstract + ( 1434 )   PDF ( 720797KB )   ( 1150 ) To analyze the relationship between the content of the chemical composition of soil samples and the corresponding reducing sugar of the tobaccos’ middle leaves collected from Qujing city, Yunnan Province, by different statistical analysis methods. The results showed that: (1)altitude was a major factor in affecting the reducing sugar in Qujing city, The turning points for the altitude were 1850 m, 1867 m, 1945 m, 2158 m, the means of the reducing sugar were 23.38%, 21.77%, 23.33%, 24.37%, accordance with the turning points; (2)in the altitude of 1850-1867 m, that the content of the reducing sugar was low may be related to slightly higher pH of the soil; (3)in the attitude of less than or equal 1850 m, the water-soluble chlorine was the main factor what affect the content of the reducing sugar, the turning point was 4.84 mg/kg, the means of that were 25.51%, 23.15%; (4)in the altitude of 1945-2158 m, the effective Mo was the main factor, the turning points were 0.15 mg/kg, 0.65 mg/kg, the contents of the reducing sugar were 23.70%, 25.02%, 23.09%; (5)when the effective Mo was in the range of 0.15-0.65 mg/kg, the effective sulfur was the main factor. The turning point were 19.18 mg/kg, 47.74 mg/kg, 105.76 mg/kg, the means of the reducing sugar were 24.60 %, 25.29%, 26.27%, 22.25%. Elevation, effective molybdenum, effective sulfur, effective chlorine were the main factor.

  Effects of the Root-cutting and Girding on the Circulation and Accumulation of the Potassium,Calcium and Magnesium in Tobacco 2011, 27 (1):  127-131.  Abstract + ( 1574 )   PDF ( 749981KB )   ( 1196 ) The tobacco plants were cultivated under solution culture conditions in the net room, and the root cutting and girdling were implemented in topping period and the eighth days after topping. The aim was to study the effects of the root cutting treatment, girdling treatment and the root cutting combined with girdling treatment on the circulation and accumulation of the potassium, calcium and magnesium in tobacco plants. The results showed that the root cutting treatment reduced the calcium, magnesium circulation amount of the xylem sap in unit time; however, the calcium, magnesium accumulation amount of the phloem; the girdling treatment had the opposite conclusion. The root cutting combined with girdling treatment increased the potassium circulation amount of the xylem sap in the unit time and the potassium circulation amount of the tobacco leaves, improved the potassium content in upper leaves and reduced the calcium and magnesium content in the middle, lower leaves. Therefore, this treatment reflected the best effect on improving the quality of the tobacco leaves.

  Study on the adaptability of five oriental tobacco varieties in free area for two years 2011, 27 (1):  132-137.  Abstract + ( 1322 )   For improving quality of commix smoke and selecting new variety of oriental tobacco adapt to disparate entironment, research on the adaptability of five oriental tobacco varieties were conducted in free area of Baoshan and Dehong with fild relative experiments for two years. Results showed that ‘Yunxiang Basma No.1’ could be released as the main oriental tobacco cultivars because performance is steady. ‘Baojialiya Basma’ and ‘Basma No.14’ had a better performance in cultivars identity, appearance, yield and quality, could be extend step by step in the acreage. ‘Komatini’ performed relatively good in mangshi and was suitable to grow. ‘Basma No.15’ was necessarr for further studies in small scall because of bad performance.

  Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Quality of Sun-cured Tobacco 2011, 27 (1):  138-143.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 604603KB )   ( 973 ) In order to search after appropriate planting density and nitrogen application rate and to provide scientific guidance and reference applications for large area production, years of repeated field experiments were made in the main producing areas to compare the effects of different planting density and nitrogen application rate on yield and quality of sun-cured tobacco, the results showed that planting density, row spacing and nitrogen application all had influenced on yield, output value and smoking quality of sun-cured tobacco, among which nitrogen application rate showed much larger impact especially on the chemical composition and smoking quality than planting density and row spacing did. Therefore choosing an appropriate combination should be based on soil conditions. The results indicated that in the field of moderate nitrogen fertility, the appropriate nitrogen application rate should be 45-60 kg/hm2 cooperated with 60 cm of row spacing and 30 cm of distance between plants. Field with weak soil fertility nitrogen application rate could be 75 kg/hm2 or even 82.5 kg/hm2 when poor fertility, and the appropriate row spacing and distance between plants was 70 cm and 30 cm separately.

  Induction of Dihaploid Plantlets of Potato Unpollinated Ovaries in Vitro 2011, 27 (1):  144-148.  Abstract + ( 1420 )   PDF ( 642084KB )   ( 1128 ) Calluses and dihaploid plantlets were obtained from unpollinated ovaries of Qingshu168 and Qingshu7 by the in vitro culture. The buds were preprocessed at 4℃ for 24-72 h, and their callus induction rate was remarkably increased, comparing with that of non-pretreatment. The most suitable differentiation medium for Qingshu168 was MS+2-4-D 2.0 mg/L+ZT 0.1 mg/L+Sucrose 30 g/L+agar 7 g/L, and for Qingshu7 was 1/2 MS+GA3 0.5 mg/L+2-4-D 0.5 mg/L+KT 2.0 mg/L+BAP 2.0 mg/L+ ZT 0.2 mg/L+sucrose 20 g/L+agar 7 g/L. It appeared that the plantlet differentiation mainly depended on cultivars.

  IP3 Sensitive Calcium Channel Involved in the Jasmonic Acid Induced Calcium Mobilization 2011, 27 (1):  149-153.  Abstract + ( 1490 )   PDF ( 1111785KB )   ( 1505 ) Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were labeled by fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM under low temperature at 4 ℃ to measure the fluorescent intensity of intracellular Ca2+ which was pretreated with heparin on jasmonic acid (JA)-induced. The results showed that the fluorescent intensity of [Ca2+]cyt was reduced after pretreated with different concentration of heparin, and then treated with 100 μmol/L JA, the fluorescent intensity of [Ca2+]cyt was close to the fluorescent intensity which was not pretreated with heparin. The experiment showed that the pretreatment with heparin could inhibit the increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration significantly which JA-induced in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.

  Study and Utilization on Sorghum A3 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility 2011, 27 (1):  154-161.  Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 674071KB )   ( 992 ) Sorghum A3 cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) anther was hypertrophy and yellow. It strewed some infertile pollens, so it had no fruit by self-pollination, and it had stable sterility. Most sorghum varieties can not maintain A3 CMS, but many high yield and stable sterility varieties can be transformed to A3 CMS. It restricted A3 CMS study that A3 CMS restorer lines were little, and restoration rate was 40%-95%. In order to utilize A3 CMS, restorer lines breeding must be solved. Breeding and application of A3 CMS line, restorer line and hybrid, and A3 CMS genetic expression were reviewed in the paper.

  Scanning electron microscopic observation of sensilla on the antenna of Scolothrips takahashii 2011, 27 (1):  162-165.  Abstract + ( 1192 )   PDF ( 5080503KB )   ( 1769 ) The structure of antennal sensilla of the Scolothrips takahashii were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy ( SEM), The results showed that there are five types of sensilla in both male and female antenna, They were sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, Sensilla basiconc, Sensilla ceratoid and sensilla coeloconicum. The shape of these sensilla and their distribution were described. Their functions were also discussed.

  Research on the Distribution and Diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis from Damaoshan Mountains 2011, 27 (1):  166-169.  Abstract + ( 1584 )   PDF ( 1204525KB )   ( 1168 ) By the temperature-antibiotic method, the author isolated 74 strains Bacillus thuringiensis from totally 764 soil samples which were collected from different altitude Damaoshan mountains of Hebei province. The results showed the optimal collecting area at an altitude of 900 to1200 m. Light microscope observation showed that the crystals of these Bt strains were in shape of spherical, bipyramidal, square, irregular and so on; 7 kinds of cry gene were found by PCR-RFLP system, and 11 Bt strains harbour unknown cry genes; The results of SDS-PAGE analysis showed that these Bt strains mainly expressed 130 kDa, 97 kDa, 66 kDa and 45 kDa proteins. 17 strains were shown to be highly toxic to scarabaeoidae larvae, 16 of them contained the gene of cry8Ca, one of them could not be found any known cry gene. All of these showed the great diversity of Bt strains in Damaoshan mountains of Hebei province.

  Research status of grading rules for field investigation of crop disaster 2011, 27 (1):  170-174.  Abstract + ( 1495 )   PDF ( 638131KB )   ( 1399 ) These years, agro-meteorological disasters are getting more serious by day and are jeopardizing China’s agricultural in an extending range. Governments and departments at all levels are paying special attention of the researches regarding disaster investigation and loss evaluation. As a result, it is essential that we have a standard of damage assessment for meteorological disasters. This paper has summarized the existing damage assessment methods and standards, including statistical methods and observation methods of the meteorological disasters. Besides, the paper introduces the grading rules of meteorological disasters which are being formulated. It points out that the grading rules are a combination of both agricultural standards and meteorological standards which will be conducive to the application of scientific research on the production practice. Meanwhile, it is helpful to departments at all levels to adopt scientific measures to take precautions against natural calamities and provide scientific evidence for evaluating, assessing, and overcoming agricultural loss.

  Characteristics of Sunshine Hours Change for 52 Years over Guangdong Province Eastern Area 2011, 27 (1):  175-181.  Abstract + ( 1602 )   PDF ( 1907789KB )   ( 1306 ) Abstract：Based on the sunshine hours data of meteorological stations from 1957-2008，the characteristics of sunshine hours change in Guangdong Province Eastern Area had been studied with the methods of accumulative anomalies, Mann-kendall test,wavelet analysis.The result indicates that，in terms of the average of the whole area，the sunshine hours of 1960s was the most of the sunshine hours of 1957-2008,followed by the earlierof this century, 1980s was the least，and the greatest amplitude season was spring，followed by winter，summer and autumn were not obvious.Mutation test showed that the age 1960s-1970s sunshine hours increased rapidly，entered a high sunshine hours＇climatology,and the sunshine hours decreased since 1980s. According to the main periods of annual and seasonal sunshine hours change，it will be mainly in the less period for the large time scale in the future，and in the 12-14a time scale，it will be mainly in the more period，and in the small time scale(2-4a)，it will be mainly in the less period. Spatial distribution of the change rate showed that the trend was general but not universal，most of the area had decreased but a few had increased.

  Ecological Footprint and Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Henan Province 2011, 27 (1):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1626 )   PDF ( 1022560KB )   ( 1380 ) Previous literatures about ecological footprint and carrying capacity of water resources have little focused on classification of water resources accounts and its equivalence factor and yield factor. In this paper, water resources accounts are classified and region equivalence factor and yield factor are calculated to check ecological footprint and carrying capacity of water resources in Henan province in 2007. The results show that there are ecological deficits of water resources in most cities of Henan province, and the spatial differences also exist in ecological footprint and carrying capacity. In most cities of Henan province, ecological footprint of agricultural-forest-fishing is dominant, carrying capacity of underground water resource is primary in the south and west of Henan province, and carrying capacity of surface water resource is primary in the north of Henan province.

  Effects of increasing seeding rate on building Zoysia japonica turf by applying gypsum to improve alkaline soils 2011, 27 (1):  187-189.  Abstract + ( 1646 )   PDF ( 633173KB )   ( 1053 ) The effects of increasing seeding rate on building Zoysia japonica turf by applying gypsum to improve alkaline soils were studied for the sake of the applying Zoysia japonica on alkaline soils．The results showed that the number of seedling(8058.5 seedling/m2), density(7511.2 adult/m2), height(46.2mm) and cover(92%) were 1.7,1.7,1.2 and 1.4 times as great as CK and markedly greater than CK , respectively, when the soils were improved by applying gypsum. The number of seedling（8058.5株/m2）and density(7511.2株/m2）were markedly increased and the established time advanced at least 7 days by increasing seeding rate after soil improvement.

  Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis on Reciprocating Cutter’s Cutting Mechanism for rape harvester 2011, 27 (1):  190-194.  Abstract + ( 1380 )   PDF ( 1094659KB )   ( 1455 ) The loss caused by cutting platform vibration and by cuttting cole were the two main form of loss of cole reaping machine whereas reciprocating cutter inertia force was primary factor causing cutting platform vibration. The kinematics and dynamics model of transmission in reciprocating reaping machine were established and the acceleration of primary component were analzed in this paper in order to decrease cutting platform vibration loss. The equations to resolve restraint force in all moving pair were set up thus the expression of inertia force were obtained. The factors of influencing inertia force were put forward based on these analysis. The conclusions were the theoretic foundation to decrese inertia force as well as cutting platform vibration and to optimize mechanism.

  Screening on Varieties of Spring Maize in Semiarid Region of West Liaoning 2011, 27 (1):  195-198.  Abstract + ( 1778 )   PDF ( 634504KB )   ( 1720 ) Scarcity of water is a environmental constraint to maize growth in semiarid region and cause loss in maize yield greatly. In order to screening spring maize varieties, which were well suited to semiarid region of west Liaoning. We conducted maize varieties test during 2007-2008. Results showed that seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were strongly influenced by spring maize varieties. There was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) among varieties in yields and WUE. Compared with CK (danyu39), zhengdan958, dongdan90 and liaodan565 reached 5% significant level. As for WUE, compared with CK (danyu39), Liaodan565 and zhengdan958 reached 5% significant level. Accordingly, it was recommended that zhengdan958, liaodan565 were more suitable to semiarid region of northeast China for their better yield performance and high WUE.

  Study on Extraction of Cellulose and Removal of Hemicelluloses and Lignin from Corn Stalk 2011, 27 (1):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 1949 )   PDF ( 779900KB )   ( 2377 ) To get the high quality cellulose, by studying on the extraction technology of cellulose from corn stalk, the author had determined the technique of more extraction contents of cellulose and bigger removal rate of hemicellulose and lignin. The results showed that the removal rate of hemicellulose was 92.82% under the conditions of NaOH concentration 5%, extracting temperature 55℃, extracting time 1.5 h. The removal rate of lignin was 64.32 % under the conditions of NaClO2 concentration 9.5 g/L, extracting temperature 75℃. Based on these conditions, the content of cellulose extraction was more than 70.12%.

  Isolation and Sequence Analysis of α-gliadin Genes from Wheat Cultivar‘Chengdianmai 1’ 2011, 27 (1):  203-208.  Abstract + ( 1595 )   PDF ( 675745KB )   ( 1191 ) Based on the conserved regions of known α-gliadin genes, gene-specific primers for α-gliadin were designed to amplify the full gene coding regions from the DNA of wheat cultivar‘Chengdianmai 1’, which was developed by wheat-Secale wide cross and chromosome manipulation. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Total 6 sequences were obtained with length of 978 to 1310 bp, in which CD-1, CD-9, CD-11, CD-12, CD-17 and CD-12 were 1207 bp, 978 bp, 1310 bp, 1258 bp, 1210 bp, 1218 bp, respectively. Three of them were full ORF sequences (CD-1, CD-12 and CD-17), containing the coding regions of 284~301 amino acids, and the other three were pseudo genes. Multi-alignment analysis indicated that three full ORF sequences had higher similarity with other α-gliadin genes, and the differences mainly existed in the two polyglutamine regions and the repetitive domains. CD-12 is lack of the Glia-α20 epitope, whereas CD-1 and CD-17 only contained the Glia-α9 and Glia-α20 epitopes. For the two polyglutamine regions, length of sequences was strongly different and some glutamines were replaced by other residues. The coposition and number of the cystenin residue of the sequences indicated that the CD-1 and CD-12 exhibited unique characters comparing with the other reported α-gliadin genes. The phylogenetic tree indicated that all the full α-gliadin gene ORF sequences from‘Chengdianmai’1 could not be clustered into the group of α-gliadin genes from the A, B and D genomes of wheat (Triticum aestivum ), but presented in a new group, indicating the great gliadin genes divergence during the breeding program of chromosome engineering. The role of these genes in wheat quality and breeding needed to be further studied.

  Comparison of the Major Pathogen DNA Extraction Methods of Potato Dry Rots 2011, 27 (1):  209-213.  Abstract + ( 1591 )   PDF ( 974864KB )   ( 1305 ) Potato dry rot is one of fungal diseases caused by Fusarium when it was storaged in pit ,while in order to detect this kind of disease in the molecular level,it is necessary to obtain high quality DNA. In this study, through modified SDS method and 2 × CTAB method, we compared five Fusarium DNA extraction methods of potato dry rot in Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that Modified SDS method was better than 2 × CTAB for Fusarium solani (Mart.) and Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw, the DNA content higher, the band brighter, the purity higher and the integrity better. But, two methods of DNA extraction difference was little for Fusarium avenaceum (Corda &. Fr.) Sacc ,Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel, and Fusarium sporotrioides Sherb.However, the acquired DNA could be well applied into molecule experiment. The experiment results obtained could provide some basis for the molecular research of potato dry rot pathogen.

  The Comparison of Different Methods for Isolating Total RNA from Peanuts 2011, 27 (1):  214-218.  Abstract + ( 1631 )   PDF ( 1092875KB )   ( 1626 ) In order to obtain better quality total RNA in different parts of peanuts, two RNA extraction methods (CTAB and Trizol) and two RNA extraction kits (AXYGEN and TIANDZ) were compared. The results showed that the improved CTAB method was better than Trizol method and two total RNA extraction kits. The total RNA isolated with the improved CTAB method had high integrity, high yield, good stability and no DNA pollution, and then could be used for semi-quantitative RT-PCR and so on.

  Analysis of the Difference Protein Content of Different Genotypes Faba Bean 2011, 27 (1):  219-222.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 655205KB )   ( 1175 ) Faba Bean is one of important commercial crop in Qinghai, high protein varieties will increasing along with developing of Qinghai faba bean industry, it was propitious to distribute advantage area for high protein varieties of faba bean, to ensure effective provide and demand, which studied the protein content of different faba bean varieties in different ecology area. The analysis of the difference protein content of different genotypes faba bean by UV spectrophotometer, the results showed that the difference was remarkable between various genotypes faba bean in small seed types and not remarkable in large seed types, the protein content of large seed was higher 18.49% than small seed faba bean, the difference of protein content was extremely remarkable between different varieties, environment and it’s interactive. The protein content of faba bean became lower along with altitude and approximately lines downtrend.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Elongation Factor 2 Gene of Meloidogyn incognita 2011, 27 (1):  223-228.  Abstract + ( 1414 )   PDF ( 769197KB )   ( 909 ) The full-length cDNA sequence of elongation factor 2 (Mi-eft2) was obtained by RT-PCR and RACE from Meloidogyne incognita. It consisted of 2434 nucleotides, and encoded 777 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of deduced protein MI-EFT2 was 26.7%, 86.9 %, 13.8% and 8.9% identical with the deduced proteins of Ce-eft1, Ce-eft2, Ce-eft3 and Ce-eft4 from Caenorhabditis elegans respectively. Protein function prediction of MI-EFT2 suggested that it was a GTPase just like the eukaryotic elongation factor EF2, involved in the protein elongation process.

  Effect of Silicon Nutrition on the Occurrence of Blumeria Graminis under the Condition of Wheat and Broad Bean Intercropped System 2011, 27 (1):  229-233.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 841145KB )   ( 1004 ) Rational crops’ intercropping can decrease occurrence of pests and diseases, but rarely study were carried out about effect of silicon nutrition on diseases. Pot experiments of sandy culture and water culture were conducted to study the effect of silicon nutrition on nitrogen uptake by wheat and occurrence of Blumeria Graminis under the condition of wheat and broad bean intercropped. The results showed that wheat and broad bean intercropped decreased the occurrence of Blumeria Graminis. Applied silicon nutrition decreased the occurrence and severity of Blumeria Graminis. Compared with Si-level, applied silicon nutrition average decreased occurrence of Blumeria Graminis 2.2%-35.1% in wheat sole cropped, while average decreased occurrence of Blumeria Graminis 3.4%-15% in intercropped condition. When applied silicon nutrition, wheat biomass yield was not increased compared with Si-level in sole and intercropped system by water culture; while biomass yield increased 14.2% in sole cropped system and increased 57.1% in intercropped system by sandy culture. There was no effect of applied silicon and intercropped on wheat nitrogen content by water culture. Wheat and broad bean intercropped by sandy culture, applied silicon nutrition decreased wheat nitrogen content 10.4% in sole cropped system and increased nitrogen content 5.5% in intercropped system.

  Study on Antibacterial Activity of Antagonistic Protein from Bacillus subtilis XZG-11 Against Tomato Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith 2011, 27 (1):  234-238.  Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 1378552KB )   ( 1206 ) In order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of the antibacterial protein, the antibacterial protein was isolated from fermentation broth using ammonium sulfate fractionation and the antibacterial activity on plant pathogenic fungi and bacterium were investigated by the method of inhibition zone. The result indicated that the crude extracted protein produced by the stain XZG-11 had the strongest antibacterial activity to Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith. It also showed strong inhibitory activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, such as Alternari solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Fusarium sp. and Fusarium head blight. The gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Candidal vaginitis and Staphylo-coccus aureus were strongly inhibited by the antifungal protein. Besides, the antifungal protein also exhibited inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This antifungal protein was relatively stable between pH5.0 and pH11.0 and below 80℃. It was resistant to RNase but was sensitive to protease K and trypsinase. The antibacterial protein of Bacillus subtilis XZG-11 had the strong stability and the broad antimicrobial activity to plant pathogenic fungi and bacterium.

  Study on control of mushroom flies using Armyworm Color plates 2011, 27 (1):  239-243.  Abstract + ( 1486 )   PDF ( 718462KB )   ( 1254 ) In order to provide a scientific basis for the application of armyworm color plates on mushroom pest control technology, the test of trapping and killing effect of five different armyworm color plates was carried out. Further, We had studied the suspending height, suspending density, suspending time of the armyworm color plates .We also had reasearched on the control effect of appling armyworm color plates in mushroom house and the mushroom yield impact . It was indicated that the trapping and killing results of mushroom flies with significant difference among five different armyworm color plates .The yellow one was the best among them. The yellow armyworm color plate suspending over the wall about 30cm had the best result with light at night. In this mushroom house ,the damage percent of fungus sack reduced 14.7% , restoring the production losses of 11.0%. The control effect was significant.

  Study on a Botanical Mixture Fungicides and It’s Activities 2011, 27 (1):  244-246.  Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 619972KB )   ( 1315 ) The aimed to research a botanical mixture fungicides and it’s inhibitory effect against Cladosporium fulvum Cke. The extract obtained from Tagetes root and Magnolia officinalis were used to prepare 15% pesticide emulsifiable concentrate. The stability of emulsifiable concentrate was analyzed, and the virulence test was conducted on Cladosporium fulvum Cke. The inhibitory rate against Magnolia officinalis1 for 15% emulsifiable concentrate at 2~40 mg/ml was 8.2%~80.3%, and it’s Median Effective Concentration EC50 was 12.02 mg/ml. This research provided scientific basis for developing new type bio-pesticide through utilizing Tagetes root and Magnolia officinalis.

  Effect of artemisia annua extract on the apid in wheat 2011, 27 (1):  247-250.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 699359KB )   ( 1825 ) The experiment was set up in field in randomized block design with three replications, Under treating and control, three fields were selected to study the effect of artemisia annua extract on the apid in wheat, The main results were summarized as follows : apid number per hundred plant, weight per hundred apid, PEP, and damaged area in leaf of wheat decreased under treating with artemisia annua extract, while soluble protein content, soluble sugar, PPA, and chlorophyll content increase, comparing with controls. Differences of them were significant between treating and control field.

  Studies on Influence of Fungicide on Growth of Hypocrea sp. SP-4 and Rhizopus stolonifer SP-1 of Pathogenic Bacteria of Sweet Potato 2011, 27 (1):  251-256.  Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 648060KB )   ( 926 ) In order to study on influence of fungicide on growth of Rhizopus stolonifer SP-1 and Hypocrea sp SP-4 of pathogenic bacteria of sweet potato, spores of Rhizopus stolonifer SP-1 and Hypocrea sp SP-4 isolated from spoilage root tuber of sweet potato were inoculated on PDA medium plate and root tuber of sweet potato including different concentrations of fungicide, and cultivated at 13℃ and 28℃. The results showed that they grew more slowly at 13℃ than 28℃. Dilution concentration of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazol to inhibit the growth of Hypocrea sp SP-4 and R. stolonifer SP-1 is 1000 and 500-fold, respectively. Both fungicides could efficiently inhibit the growth of Hypocrea sp SP-4. However, the inhibition rate of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazol to R.stolonifer SP-1 is 21% and 58%, respectively. The results also showed in the course of fungicide inhibiting the infection of root tuber of sweet potato by the above two fungi, it didn’t become rotten at low temperature if the root tuber of sweet potato did not have wound, indicating that they infect root tuber of sweet potato through the wound. Comprehensive analysis show that the infection of root tuber of sweet potato by fungi could be reduced by moderate low temperature and avoiding wound of sweet potato.

  Impact of Climate Change on Natural Vegetation Net Primary Productivity in Qixing River Wetland Ecosystem from 1961-2008 2011, 27 (1):  257-262.  Abstract + ( 1367 )   PDF ( 811328KB )   ( 1066 ) Natural vegetation net primary productivity（NPP） may be one of the most sensitive ecological environment factors for climate change reaction, the study of climate change impact on NPP can provide theoretical basis for recovery, protection and sustainable development of the wetland. With daily meteorological data such as air temperature and rainfall received by grid interpolation method in Qixing river wetland from 1961 to 2008, based on Miami(R) model and mathematical analysis of climate change, the impacts of climate change on NPP of wetland natural vegetation were analyzed, the factors of climate change include air temperature, rainfall and the vegetation dry index, NPP include NPP地上and NPP总. The results showed that the average values of NPP总 and NPP地上were respectively 110.36 and 29.05 DMt/(hm2?a) and the NPP总 and NPP地上 were increasing in Qixing river wetland from 1961 to 2008, the average increasing rates were respectively 0.1291 and 0.0340 DMt/(hm2?a). The NPP of wetland natural vegetation was better positive correlative with the average yearly air temperature and the one during growing season, the best negative correlative with the yearly rainfall and the one during growing season, and the best positive correlative with the vegetation dry index during growing season. The NPP总 and NPP地上 of the wetland increased respectively 1.5220 and 0.4006 DMt/(hm2?a) when the average air temperature during growing season increased 1 ℃, the yearly rainfall increased 1 mm, and the vegetation dry index during growing season increased 1 ℃/mm. Because water resource was relatively adequate in Qixing river wetland, the NPP of Qixing river wetland natural vegetation increased under good climate conditions which included air temperature increased moderately, rainfall decreased slightly, and climate was relative dry, which were beneficial to form the seasonal waterlogged swamping wetland which could increase efficiency of vegetation photosynthesis. The average yearly value of the NPP总 was about 2.2072×106 t, the yearly carbon absorbed was 0.8829×106 t in Qixing river wetland from 1961 to 2008. Under the future condition of IPCC2000 discharge plan SRES-B2, which the carbin dioxide by the discharge is lower. The yearly NPP总 and carbon absorbed will be decreasing in the future, the decreased extents will be respectively 5.37%, 9.91% and 13.59% in 2020, 2050 and 2100 compared with the average values from 1961 to 2008.

  Study on land cultivation suitability at ecological vulnerable region based on up-scaling method: a case study in Shouyang county of Shanxi province 2011, 27 (1):  263-269.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 1923439KB )   ( 960 ) The maize and wheat of Shouyang county in Shanxi province were used as the subjects to compare cultivated suitability of regional grain crops between mechanization and traditional cultivation models. The results showed that: (1) the suitably cultivated regions of maize and wheat under the traditional cultivation model were larger than that of mechanical cultivation model, and the suitably cultivation regions of wheat were always larger than those of maize.under the two cultivation models. (2) The spatial distribution of cultivation suitability of the two crops turned to be polarised, that is to say the regions of the most suitable and permanently unsuitable regions take up the most areas. (3) the most suitably cultivated regions for the two crops intensively locate in the rims and inner gorges of the Loess Plateau in the northern area and mountainous regions with gentle slope. The suggestions were that mechanical cultivation model should be applied to the high or middle-level suitable cultivated regions. Moreover, traditional cultivation model is ought to be adopted to the suitable cultivated areas only for traditional plough.

  The Environment Vulnerability Research of Tongchuan City Based on Principle Component Analysis 2011, 27 (1):  270-274.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   PDF ( 653960KB )   ( 1040 ) Abstract：Based on the statistical data of ecological environment in Tongchuan city during 2001-2007, the change of environmental vulnerability is analyzed using the method of principle component analysis. The results show that environmental vulnerability index is showing a "substantial increase - significantly decreased - slightly up - slightly down" variation during 2001-2007 years. The environmental vulnerability index is less than 1 only in 2005 and 2007 years, so Tongchuan city is slightly vulnerability grade. The environmental vulnerability index is more than 1 in other years, so Tongchuan city is highly vulnerability grade in these years. In 2002, the environmental vulnerability index is 20.13 times in 2005. We recommend that Tongchuan city government should increase total investment in pollution controllment and per capita green area, improve up-to-standard rate of wastewater emission, reduct noise in the future.

  The precipitation change analysis in Kailu country in recent 55 years 2011, 27 (1):  275-278.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 615167KB )   ( 1027 ) The precipitation change analysis in Kailu country in recent 55 years Jiang Xiuping1 Li Chunyun2 Song Yuhong2 Wang Lijuan 1 Zhang Li 2 (1 Kailu country Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia , Kailu , 028400. 2 Tongliao Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia .) Abstract: Use the monthly and daily rainfall data in Kailu reference climate station from 1953 to 2007, use of linear change, the cumulative anomaly, SNR, F test for analysis. Show as a result: (1) The rainfall in Kailu country shows a decreasing trend, annual rainfall tendency rate is -11.1mm/10a, cumulative annual reducing is 61.0mm in 55 years, reducing seasons are in summer and autumn ; stage is clear, it is in a less rain stage now, it is the least period of rainfall. (2) The days of rain, rainfall and percentage of total rainfall over middle rain are decreasing trend, ,they are 0.10 and 0.05 above the level of reliability respectively ; the largest cumulative amount of rainfall shows also a decreaseing trend, so the drought degree in Kailu County is increasing.

  A Preliminary Report on Water and Soil Environment Changes in Technology Integration Demonstration Area of Improvement of Saline-Alkaline Land 2011, 27 (1):  279-285.  Abstract + ( 1466 )   PDF ( 3734673KB )   ( 1011 ) Applying the technology integration pattern of ‘desulfurization waste application + land leveling + deep ploughing + salt and water regulation + balanced fertilization + salt-tolerant crop planting’ to Huinong core experiment and demonstration area to improve saline-alkaline land, two years later, the water and soil environment of the demonstration area took place greate improvement. The groundwater table decreased 50 cm or so in demonstration area. The soil salt content and harmful salt ions content dropped drastically in demonstration area. The emergence rate of oil sunflower increased to more than 70%, and the yielding of oil sunflower reached to 1534.3 kg/hm2. The results showed the pattern that takes desulphurization waste application as cut-in point to improve saline-alkaline land had a good effect on the mild-alkaline salt wasteland.

  Study on Chemical Form Distribution Characteristic of Soil Heavy Metals in Nanhu Ecological Park in Tangshan 2011, 27 (1):  286-289.  Abstract + ( 1614 )   PDF ( 590591KB )   ( 1096 ) The fraction distribution of heavy metals is the key parameter of its environment effects. In this article, form distribution characteristic of soil heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb)and its influencing factors were investigated in Nanhu ecological park in Tangshan. A total of 20 soil samples were collected and analyzed. Using BCR(European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure, four fractions of soil heavy metals, weak acid soluble fraction, reducible fraction, organic matter fraction and residual fraction, were extracted in the topsoil(0-20 cm)，and its influencing factors were studied by correlation analysis. The results showed that Cr and Cu were dominated mainly by the fraction of residual fraction and weak acid soluble fraction, while Pb was existed by the fraction of residual Pb and reducible Pb; Only Cr indicated some potential environmental risks, because of its higher values in weak acid soluble forms. Correlation analysis indicated the soil pH value had very significantly negative correlation with the heavy mental weak acid soluble forms, very significantly positive correlation with the reducible fraction of Cu and Zn. The content of soil organic matter had very significantly positive correlation with the organic forms of Cu and Pb. In the process of ecological park construction, the environmental risks can reduce though out reduce weak acid soluble fraction of heavy mental, which can achieve by raising soil pH slightly.

  A study on the precise fertilization mode for village domain 2011, 27 (1):  290-293.  Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 2371904KB )   ( 1017 ) It was studied to the precise fertilization mode for vegetables domain in Wuhan Dongxihu district by application of modern information technology. Through the positioning sampling, testing soil effective nutrient, establishing a spatial database based on land parcel, soil nutrients distribution map at village domain were plotted by GIS software. Combined with nutrient plentiful-deficiency index table made before, it can be applied to recommend for vegetables fertilizer amount as precise fertilization mode orienting to each land parcel of village domain. This mode is suitable for southern agriculture area, especially suburb planting vegetables. Also I was discussed to modern agricultural development, to explore the long-term mechanism of formula fertilization by soil spatial database in the article.

  The Analysis of Pollutant Characteristics in Surface Sediments of the Stream Inlets and Outlets of the Main Rivers around Taihu Lake 2011, 27 (1):  294-299.  Abstract + ( 1455 )   PDF ( 880661KB )   ( 1089 ) Sediment samples in the inlets and outlets of the 31 main rivers around Taihu Lake were collected and used as materials. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total organic matter (TOM) were detected. The results showed that the contents of TN, TP and TOM of Region2 and Region3 were higher than those of Region1 and Region4. The orders of average contents of TN, TP and TOM of the four regions were as the following, for TN: Region 2>Region 3>Region 4>Region 1; for TP: Region 2>Region3>Region4>Region1; for TOM: Region2>Region4>Region1>Region3. The activity of Fe/Al-P was higher than that of other phosphorus fractions. For Fe/Al-P: Region2>Region4>Region3>Region1. As a result, the crucial rivers resulted in the serious eutrophication of Taihu Lake zones(the northern, northwestern and western parts of Taihu Lake) in the decreasing order are Taige Canal, Baidu Port, Chendong Port, CaoqiaoRiver, Zhihu Port, Wujin Port, Guandu Port, Xiaoxi Port, Yincun Port, Hongxiang Port, Jiaodu Port and Wuxi Port. Both TN and TP concentrations in sediment samples of these rivers were fairly high (TN>1000 mg/kg, TP>500 mg/kg).

  Structuring of Evaluation Index System for Sustainable Utilization of Regional Water Resources in Northwest China 2011, 27 (1):  300-303.  Abstract + ( 1376 )   PDF ( 661751KB )   ( 1201 ) Water resources is the most important factor of the unsubstitutable resource by which man exist and develop. The sustainable utilization of water resources is the basic prerequisite to realize the coordinated growth between social economy and resources and environment of the people. In the view of the unique characteristic of climate and hydrology in northwest china, and consider the interrelation between regional water resources and regional economy, this article had extended to recognize and affirm the connotative meaning of the storing volume and carrying capacity of regional water resources, by the means of having analyzed the nature of regional waters’ carrying capacity. Base on 3 big functional process of regional water resources as storing and consuming and regenerating, and consider that regional social adjustment to the functional process of regional water resources, this article had structured a evaluation index system for sustainable utilization of regional water resources, which had 3 grades as variable, target and index, and which was more suitable for using in northwest china.

  The analysis of JUNCAO industrial growth and its versatility 2011, 27 (1):  304-308.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 558866KB )   ( 1158 ) This paper describes the development of JUNCAO technology and the growth profile of JUNCAO industry, summarizes the characteristics of versatility of JUNCAO industry, for example, the JUNCAO industry in our country has the functions of food supply, raw material supply, resource conservation, environmental protection, employment increase and poverty reduction, nutrition and health care and culture and leisure etcs, proposes the ideas of expanding the versatility of JUNCAO industry; strengthen the food security function of JUNCAO industry、develop the biomass energy function of JUNCAO industry、demonstrate the ecological protection function of JUNCAO industry.

  Isolation and Screening of Endophytic Antibacteria from Balanophora harlandii Hook. f. 2011, 27 (1):  309-312.  Abstract + ( 1454 )   PDF ( 695799KB )   ( 1173 ) The Objective was to evaluate the composition of endophytic fungi groups of Balanophora harlandii Hook. f., and screen high inhibition activity substances from them. The endophytic fungi were isolated from surfaced-sterilized tissue, the inhibition activity substances were screened by agar well tests. 49 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from Balanophora harlandii Hook. f.. 28 strains which grow well in PDA were classified into 7 different genera, 2 families, 2 orders through on their morphological characteristics. They were Rhizoctonia, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Geotrichum, Microsporum, Monilia and Oidium respectively. Antagonistic activities of the endophytic fungi against3 bacteria strains were tested in vitro. The cell-free filtrate of fermentation broth of strain SG47 showed notable inhibition effect on tested bacteria strains. The endophytic fungi isolated from Balanophora harlandii Hook. f. showed biological diversity, most of them had the ability to produce antibacterial activity substances. The plant endophytic fungi have a high potential to find novel pesticides or new medicines produced as secondary metabolites.

  Efficiency Evaluation and Path Optimization of Land Intensive Use in Changsha City Based on Data Envelopment Analysis Model 2011, 27 (1):  313-317.  Abstract + ( 1410 )   PDF ( 647877KB )   ( 1132 ) Land intensive use is an important component of constructing a resource conserving and environment friendly society. Changsha city as one of two-oriented society best practices, it is a mandatory requirement to evaluate its efficency and opitimize its path of land intensive use. The technology of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed to determine a land intensive use performance and project analysis is used to locate the deficient factors of input or output. It is shown that the land intensive use relative efficiency diversifies during 1991-2008: (1) the 2002, 2007 and 2008 are categories as DEA efficiency, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2000 are listed as weakly DEA efficiency, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are assorted as non-DEA efficiency; (2) the deficient factors of land use varies in amplitude, which can be ranked as follows from high degree to low: labor input, land resources comsumption and capital input. The results indicate that land intensive use is a dynamic procedure, relative efficient evaluation can be used to distinguish land intensive use level. The DEA model and projection analysis provide a scientific reference for land use decision-makers, and it is convenient for decision-makers to get more satisfied land intensive use path by adjusting the index system of input and output.

  Characteristics of Soil Temperature Profile in Panjin Reed Wetland 2011, 27 (1):  318-322.  Abstract + ( 1509 )   PDF ( 1924212KB )   ( 1118 ) Soil temperature is an important environmental factor in wetland climate, the study on soil temperature will be helpful to understand the changes of soil respiration. In this paper, soil temperature profile data was analyzed from 0 to -80 cm at Phragmites swamp in panjin wetland ecosystem research station since 2005 to 2009. The result suggested that: soil temperature diurnal variation of Phragmites swamp expressed as a sine curve, and its amplitude decreased from the surface to deep layer. There was almost no diurnal variation under the depth of -40 cm. In March, daily variation range of soil temperature was minimum all of the year, and maximum in the growing season. Seasonal change of soil section temperature showed that: soil temperature gradient was obvious in winter, for the heat transferred slowly; in summer, heat transferred quickly, and temperature gradient was small, and minimum in September. The changes of soil temperature would affect the growth of reed plant, especially in the period of budding and root development. Research results could provide the references for the changes of carbon flux in wetland.

  Analysis of NDVI and Urban Heat Island during the Unusual Drought in 2006 Summer in Chongqing 2011, 27 (1):  323-327.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 874021KB )   ( 854 ) In order to learn about urban heat island phenomena and disciplinarian during the unusual drought period, the MODIS remote sensing data and temperature data measured in automatic weather stations, which distributed in the urban and suburb were used to investigate the relation of NDVI and urban heat island during the unusual drought in 2006 summer in Chongqing. The result showed that in 2006 summer, the NDVI decreased with time, which mainly was consistent with the change trend of drought in 2006 summer in Chongqing. In the whole period of drought, in the mass NDVI negatively correlate with the urban heat island, the higher the NDVI was, the feebler the urban heat island was. Because of non-synchronization of drought in urban and suburb areas, in the early period drought strengthened urban heat island and in the later period of drought, it weakened urban heat island. All in all, the appearance of drought aggravated the degree of urban heat island.

  Analysis of Wheat Production in Fertilizer Inputs Econometric Model in Henan Province 2011, 27 (1):  328-332.  Abstract + ( 1341 )   PDF ( 787809KB )   ( 1196 ) This article uses econometric multiple regression model of Henan Province (1978-2008) investment in wheat production elements of the regression analysis, the input factors associated with wheat yield and with the correlation between the various elements, according to Henan Province, to analyze the impact of fertilizer on wheat yield significantly. However, too much fertilizer on wheat production inputs there are some negative effects, while a great impact on the ecological environment, especially the intensification of the greenhouse effect. With fertilizer input in wheat production continues to increase, fertilizer residue in the soil and plants using fertilizer N2O back into the atmosphere more and more, in order to improve wheat production is proposed to be rational fertilization, in the process of chemical fertilizer with the application of organic manure and fertilizer in accordance with a reasonable proportion of such measures.

  Progress in the Study on Genetic Mechanism of the Cattle Myostatin Gene 2011, 27 (1):  333-336.  Abstract + ( 1612 )   PDF ( 627235KB )   ( 1409 ) Double muscle gene is caused by the mutation of the muscle growth inhibition gene, which located on the second chromosomes. It is a negative regulatory factor of the skeletal muscle growth, a member of the TGF-β supergene family. It is incomplete dominant inheritance. The paper describes the hereditary feature of the double muscle of bovione,gene mapping and the characteristics of the bovione’s physiology, breeding cattle muscle and carcass. Discusses the double muscle gene used and applied in the prospect of the beef production of our country.

  Studies on Polymorphisms of HNF-4α Gene and their Relarionships with Muscle Fiber and Growth Traits of Pigs 2011, 27 (1):  337-341.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 1004929KB )   ( 915 ) Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) is a member of the hepatocyte nuclear factor family,can be highly expressed in the liver,The family of genes regulating the differentiation of liver cells play a key role,while involved in liver glucose and lipid metabolism in the regulation of specific gene expression.HNF-4α gene involved in regulating many aspects of life and metabolic activity in animals play an important role in growth and development. In this study, PCR-SSCP method to analyze the HNF-4α gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with growth traits. The results showed that polymorphisms of SH1 BB genotype individuals for French Landrace effect of birth length was the highest. SH2 polymorphic loci on the legal systems of AB genotype in Landrace the effect of individual birth weight of the maximum value. At the same time, the site with a large public histological properties of porcine muscle fiber there are significant correlation. AB-type individual muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly lower than AA and BB type (P <0.05).

  Comparing Analysis of APOA5 Gene of Two Pigs Species in Guizhou Province 2011, 27 (1):  342-345.  Abstract + ( 1407 )   PDF ( 925908KB )   ( 974 ) Abstract:According to pig apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) gene sequence in GenBank，we design 3 pairs of primers for amplification of Kele pig and Guizhou White Xiang pig′s apoA5 gene respectively by PCR and sequencing, and compare the two pigs species apoA5 gene sequences to identify the genetic variation. The results showed: Kele pig apoA5 gene DNA length is 2474bp.White Xiang pig gene apoA5 gene DNA length is 2473bp,which contains three exons and two introns respectively. ApoA5 gene coding region in both of the two pig breeds are 1092bp encoding 363 amino acids. Compared the White Xiang pig apoA5 sequence with the Kele′s, there are 12 mutations, including six transversion,five transition,one deletion mutation, the two pig′s nucleotide homology was 99.6%. It provids a certain foundation for the further study of pig apoA5 gene polymorphism, biological activity and the pig′s production traits。

  Effect of Expanded Mixed Feed on Milking Performance, DMI and Appearance Digestibility of Nutrition in Dairy Cow of Last Lactation Period 2011, 27 (1):  346-350.  Abstract + ( 1598 )   PDF ( 588259KB )   ( 1341 ) In the paper, effect of expanded mixed feed on milking performance, DMI and appearance digestibility of nutrition in dairy cow was studied. 80 China Holstein dairy cow of last lactation period were randomly allotted into 2 groups. This trial lasted for 56 days. The concentrate for control group was normal feed. Parts of energy feed and protein feed of concentrate for treatment group was expanded mixed feed. The results showed that expanded mixed feed could increase milk yield (P < 0.05). Total milk yield and FCM yield per cow of the treatment group were 1117.40 kg and 1128.30 kg respectively, which were 56.43kg and 50.29kg more than the control group. Expanded mixed feed effected milk fat percentage and total solids yield significantly (P < 0.05). Yield of fat and solids in treatment group were 1.85 kg and 1.17 kg more than that of control group. Milk protein was not effected by the dietary treatment. To dairy cow of last lactation period, Expanded-mixed feed can improve the dry matter take(DMI) and appearance digestibility of crud protein significantly (P＜0.05). DMI in treatment group was 1.57kg/d more than the control group, though the results of appearance digestibility of organic matter were not significant in statistics. Expanded mixed feed could increase DMI and improve the milking performance and the appearance digestibility of nutrition.

  Cloning and Transcriptional Activity Determination of Silkworm BmNaPi2 Gene 2011, 27 (1):  351-355.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 922994KB )   ( 1034 ) The homologous gene of Na(+)-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NaPi) in silkworm, BmNaPi2, was obtained through bioinfomatics analysis and molecular biological experiment. The gene is located on 3rd chromosome, 1 336 bp long (GenBank accession numer: HM593516), and 5 exons inside. The ORF of gene is 1 314 bp in length and encodes 437 amino acids, with 10 hydrophobic transmembrane domains. A comparison of BmNaPi2 with homologous protein from Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Tribolium castaneum revealed that their amino acids share about 57% similarity. It is shown by RT-PCR experiment that the BmNaPi2 has expression in blood, malpighian tubule and integument, while no expression in midgut, silk gland, gonad, head, and fat body among 9 tissues detected on day 3 of the fifth instar larvae.

  Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Full-length cDNA of PRL Gene from Alpaca Pituitary 2011, 27 (1):  356-361.  Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 1157401KB )   ( 1233 ) [Objective]In order to provide theoretical basis for studying biological function and application of alpaca prolactin (PRL), the alpaca PRL cDNA sequence were cloned and analyzed. [Method] According to the known cDNA sequences from mammals, alpaca PRL primers was designed and the full-length cDNA of PRL from alpaca pituitary was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE techniques. [Results and Conclusions] The size of full-length cDNA of PRL from alpaca pituitary was 959 bp and it contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 687 bp which encoded PRL precursor protein with 229AA. PRL precursor protein was a single-chain polypeptide composed of 30-AA signal peptide and 199-AA mature peptide. The spatial structure of alpaca PRL protein was similar to human GH. The result of the sequence alignment showed that the amino acids composition of alpaca PRL was similar to most mammals, but the methionine at 81-AA (51-AA for mature peptide) may lead to different spatial structure which may impact functions of alpaca PRL. A phylogenetic tree constructed basing on the amino acid sequences of alpaca PRL and other organisms showed that the relationships between alpaca PRL and camel PRL were closest and that the evolution speed of alpaca was very slow with no "episodic" evolution pattern as most mammals such as primates, rodents and ruminant.

  Effects of SB-431542 on the Proliferation of Sika Deer Antler Chondrocytes 2011, 27 (1):  362-365.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 1097098KB )   ( 1022 ) The regulatory mechanism of TGF-β on the rapid growth of antler was investigated by studying the effect of specific micro-molecule antagonist SB-431542 of transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) on the cell proliferation of sika antler chondrocytes. The sika antler chondrocytes were isolated after cultured for 30 days, then the second generation cells were incubated with 0, 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 μM of SB-431542, after 48 hours of culture, the MTT assay was used to examine the proliferation of antler chondrocytes and the SPSS software was used to analyze the difference of the results. The result showed that the proliferation activity of cells treated with SB-431542 was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), among them, the proliferation activity of cells treated with SB-431542 at the concentration of 8μM and 10μM was significantly lower than that of the control (P<0.01), with the increased concentration of SB-431542, the inhibition to cell proliferation rate was more significant. In conclusion, these results indicated that TGF-β might play an important role to maintain the rapid proliferation of sika antler chondrocytes.

  Study on Treatment of Piggery Biogas Slurry with Microorganism Preparation 2011, 27 (1):  366-369.  Abstract + ( 1584 )   PDF ( 668316KB )   ( 1577 ) The research aimed to study the treatment of piggery biogas slurry with Microorganism Preparation. Compound Microorganism Preparation (CMP), Fermentation Microorganism Preparation (FMP) and Photosynthetic Microorganism Preparation (PMP) were used to remove BOD5, CODcr, NH3-N, TP, Fecal Coliform, and Total Salt from biogas slurry, and the effects were compared. The results showed that the maximal removal rates of BOD5, TP, FC were up to 61.5%, 83.0%, 99.0%, and those of CODCr, NH3-N, TS were up to 54.9%, 48.4% and 31.8%. In conclusion, the removal rate of PMP was more effectively than CMP and FMP.

  The Study of Using Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Mouse as Feeder Layer Cells in Cultivation of Embryonic Stem Cells 2011, 27 (1):  370-373.  Abstract + ( 1298 )   PDF ( 744470KB )   ( 961 ) 【OBJECTIVE】In order to find the more simple method of preparition for the layer feeder cells ;【METHOD】The blastocytes of 3.5 days embryo of KunMing mouse cultured on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used to isolate and culture the KunMing ES cells. The colonies of ES cells were harvested to passage.【RESULTS】The growth of stem cells were identified was observed，and their biological vitality was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity assay and cell differentiation examination. 【CONCLUSION】The blastocytes of 3.5-dayembnyo from KM mouse can be cultured on the mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to develop into ES cells with maintenance of undifferentiated state in vitro.

  Review of Crop Pollination by Honey Bees World-wide 2011, 27 (1):  374-382.  Abstract + ( 1291 )   PDF ( 962255KB )   ( 1560 ) Honey bees were the main pollinators in the natural world and they played an important role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem balance. Honey bees had large ecological and economic values in crops pollination. In this paper, we reviewed the global crops pollinated by honey bees as follows: the role of honey bees in ecosystem, the position of honey bees pollination in global agricultural production, the overview of honey bees pollination in developed countries, the trends of different crops cultivated in the world, the number change of global honey bee colonies. At last, we analyzed the status, the problems and the solutions of honey bees’ pollination for crops in China.

  The Study of Salt Tolerance of Three Species Seedling of Roegneria 2011, 27 (1):  383-388.  Abstract + ( 1425 )   PDF ( 788669KB )   ( 871 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】 This article investigate biological indicators influence rule of salt tolerance on Roegneri Seedling, provide scientific basis for Roegneri breeding, and provide fine forage resource to solute the question of northwest grassland alkalization. 【METHOD】Different concentrations of NaCl solution on the three species of Roegneria (3-leaf stage) for stress treatment 7d, measured their biological indicators such as height, root length, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight and dry weight, fresh weight of the underground sections and dry weight. 【RESULTS】Experimental studies have shown that: low-salt concentration on the three species of Roegneria biological indicators little effect on seedling; with a high salt concentration increases, the three species of Roegneria indicators are severely inhibited, and reached a very significant difference (P﹤0.01). 【CONCLUSION】Comprehensive analysis of biological indicators that the three species of salt-sensitive Roegneria seedlings: the seedling of（R. komarovii （Nevski）Nevski）exhibit the greatest salt tolerance,and the seeding of（R. turczaninovii （Drob）Nevski var. macrathera Ohwi）exhibit the worst salt sensitivity and( R. stricta Keng f. stricta) be placed in the middle.

  Analysis on Affected Factors of Amino Acids Contents Detection for Feather 2011, 27 (1):  389-393.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 639304KB )   ( 1226 ) The objective of this study is to optimize the condition of feather amino acid detection, which is critical for feather degradation in feed industry. The amino acids contents detection of feather was carried out by L-8800 amino acid analyzer in the accordance with GB/T 18246-2000(7.1.1.1). Affected factors including HCl concentration and hydrolysis time were analyzed. The results showed measured value rose when HCl concentration rose or prolonged hydrolysis time properly. The measured value rose by 3.96% at optimum condition. Furthermore, the composition of amino acids was different between feather shaft and pinna. The optimum condition for feather amino acid detection was as followed: hydrolyzed by 4~5 mol/L HCl for 20 h.

  Utilization of Fermented Cassava Flour Residue in the Wenchang Chicken Diets 2011, 27 (1):  394-397.  Abstract + ( 1775 )   PDF ( 572878KB )   ( 1147 ) The study was that fermented cassava residue replace part of feed ingredients of Wenchang Chicken diets, aim to decrease the quantity of maize and reduce cost of raising. Different proportion fermented cassava residue that be fermented by different compound bacterium was utilezed, and weight gain be compared with the normal diets. The experimental results show that: the effect of weight gain of all experimental groups was not different from control group significantly(P> 0.05),. However, considering the effect of weight gain and the economic benefits: ①there was no significant impact on chicken weight gain by replacing the same proportion of feed ingredients with cassava residue, and it can reduce feed cost; ②it found by comparison that the compound bacterium, when the proportion of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomycescerevisiae was 40:20:40 and the protortion of replacing was 15%, the effect of the chicken weight gain is better that other gorups.

  Studies on Rumen Degradabilities of Six Forages in Yunnan Yellow Cattle 2011, 27 (1):  398-402.  Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 577587KB )   ( 939 ) Nylon-bag technique was used to evaluate the disappearance rate and effective degradability of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF in six forages, meanwhile, the correlations were analyzed between degradation model parameters, effective degradability and forage nutrients. The results showed that: DM effective degradability of alfalfa powder was the highest in six forages，and there was no significant difference between annual ryegrass powder and alfalfa powder(P>0.05), but there were significant difference between alfalfa powder and in turn reduced alfalfa block, vicia atropurpurea, barley straw power, and setaria powder(P<0.01); CP effective degradability of alfalfa powder was the highest in six forages，and there were significant difference between alfalfa powder and in turn reduced alfalfa block, annual ryegrass powder, vicia atropurpurea, barley straw power, and setaria powder(P<0.01); Effective degradabilities of NDF and ADF of alfalfa powder was the highest in six forages，and there was no significant difference between alfalfa block and alfalfa powder(P>0.05), but there were significant difference between alfalfa powder and in turn reduced annual ryegrass powder, vicia atropurpurea, barley straw power, and setaria powder(P<0.01). Comprehensive determination of all the nutrition index, the nutritional value of six forages to Yunnan Yellow Cattle were: alfalfa powder > alfalfa block ≈ annual ryegrass powder > vicia atropurpurea > barley straw power > setaria powder. The parameters and effective degradability of forages degradation model had strong positive correlation with forage nutrient CP content, but had strong negative correlation with NDF and ADF contents.

  The Research of Chinese Toad Venom of Immunostimulants on Boiler Immune Organ Growth and Immunologically Competent Cell 2011, 27 (1):  403-406.  Abstract + ( 1904 )   PDF ( 573656KB )   ( 948 ) The research gives an observation of immune organ and immunologically comppetent cell after feed meat-used chicken with chinese toad venom of immunostimulants.The result indicats that,compared with the blank controller,the controller with toad venom of immunostimulants has a heaviour weight and a higher exponent of chickling thymus qland ,bursa of Febricius,spleen and other immune organ,as well as a siginificant increasment of thymus dependment lymphocyte and plasma cell in different rigions of immune organ.The research show that chinese toad venom of immunostimulants have an evidence impact on boiler immune organ growth and immunologically competent cell.

  Induction and Identification of Swine Blood-derived Dendritic Cells 2011, 27 (1):  407-411.  Abstract + ( 1810 )   PDF ( 803839KB )   ( 1617 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】To standardize the method to induce and cultivate swine blood-derived dendritic cells( DC) in vitro, which could provide a technology platform for the study of related-viral diseases’ mechanism and making the measures of their prevention and treatment. 【METHODS】Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. The adherent cells of PBMCs on the flask were induced by GM-CSF and IL-4 and their shapes were observed by the optical microscope at different times. After 7 day, these induced cells were collected and their form and surface markers CD1a&SWC3a were identified by light microscope, flow cytometry and laser confocal microscope. The MHC-II and CD80/86 molecules on the surface of these cells were identified by bicolor flow cytometry. 【RESULTS】The results showed that the induced cells were dendritic, double-positive rates of CD1a/SWC3a and MHC-II and CD80/86 were 90.1% and 98.3% respectively. Colony-like cells were observed and the surface marker CD1a/SWC3a were double-positive under laser confocal microscope.【CONCLUSION】The swine blood-derived DCs were induced successfully according to the analysis of phenotype and morphology. The standard procedure of the induction is acquired, which has laid a foundation for the research of immuno-suppression mechanism of porcine viral diseases that the target cells are DCs.

  Molecular Biology Detection of Porcine Circovirus 2011, 27 (1):  412-414.  Abstract + ( 1244 )   PDF ( 708075KB )   ( 872 ) According to the genomic sequence of PCV-2(porcine circovirus type 2) published in GenBank, which designed a pair of specific primers by using Primier5. The total DNA of Pig spleen extracted by CTAB and DNA Kit. And the PCV-2 gene conserved sequence of Pig is amplificated by PCR. Then we study the optimization of the PCR process, and proceduring on the PCR sensitivity and repeatability. The result showed that amplified fragment was about 573 bp. The best PCR program is 30 cycles of 94°C 30 sec, 60°C 30 sec, 72°C 30 sec. The template DNA dilution was 100 times the minimum, which can detect the quality of the minimum template DNA was 25.8 ng. The repeatability of PCR program is better. The detection method provides a method and basis of the rapid detection of PCV-2.

  Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against Duck Hepatitis Virus 2011, 27 (1):  415-418.  Abstract + ( 1430 )   PDF ( 1005404KB )   ( 882 ) In order to make DHV antigens,the experiment utilize IFA and CFA. The BALB/c mice were immunized with DHV for three times . The spleen’s B lymphocyte of the mice should be fused with SP2/0 plasmacytoma cells until the immunopotency was up to 1:10000.The masccline hybridoma cells were screened by indirect enzyme-link immunosorbent assay. Hybridomas whose supernatants show stronger positive were subcloned by limited dilution methods for 3~4 times, until the positive rate come up to 100%.It was named 2E3. The immunopotency of ascites and supernatant was 10×25,100×26..And the subtype of 2E3 was IgGl.

  Conservation Genetics of Amphibians 2011, 27 (1):  419-423.  Abstract + ( 1360 )   PDF ( 536850KB )   ( 1121 ) Amphibians are good models for investigating the genetics of wild animal populations because they are: (1) widely distributed in most ecosystems; (2) easy to sample in breeding assemblages; (3) often philopatric to breeding sites, generating high levels of population genetic structure; (4) amenable to controlled crossings in the laboratory; and (5) of major conservation concern. Neutral genetic markers, mostly microsatellites, have been used successfully in studies of amphibian effective population sizes and structures and in assessing the consequences of hybridisation. Phylogeography has provided important insights into population histories and the fates of introductions. Quantitative genetic methods have demonstrated adaptive variation in life history traits of importance to fitness and therefore to population viability. Heredity (2005) 95, 423–427.

  Polymorphic Analysis of the mtDNA D-loop of Some Monopteras albus Individuals from Mianyang 2011, 27 (1):  424-427.  Abstract + ( 1348 )   PDF ( 973215KB )   ( 942 ) The partial sequences of mtDNA D-loop region for 12 individuals of Monopteras albus from Mianyang city were amplified by PCR and 9 out of 12 samples were sequenced. The frequency of C and T were comparatively constant, while the divergence were examined in the composition of A and G. The average frequency of A+T (57%) was significantly higher than that of G+C (43%). Five polymorphic sites were detected from the nine D-loop sequences, with a nucleotide diversity of 0.00413±0.00057, which represented 0.83% of the total DNA sequence analyzed (606 bp). These sequences belonged to five haplotypes defined by the five polymorphic sites with a haplotype diversity of 0.861±0.087. Nine variable sites were defined from the nine sequences. Among these variations, eight were transitions and the other one was transversion (T→G) at the sites of 15987 in standard sequence. The individual of Monopteras albus (NC_003192) and the nine individuals examined were clustered into two distinct groups, which wassupported by 93% of 1000 bootstrap iterations. The nine individuals from Mianyang fall into two distinct sub groups. These results revealed that the comparative genetic differentiation existed among the rice field eels from Mianyang, and thereby, the higher genetic diversity could be found in the population of the rice field eels from all of the country.

  Investigation on Golden Apple Snails after Winter in Some Typical Regions of Guangdong 2011, 27 (1):  428-432.  Abstract + ( 1585 )   PDF ( 856173KB )   ( 1077 ) Abstract As a alien invasive species, golden apple snail has caused great harm to agricultural production in Guangdong Province. The density of snails was investigated after winter time for three habitats (paddy field, dry land, drainage and irrigation channels) in six regions including Shantou City, Shaoguan City, Zhaoqing City, Zengcheng City, Maoming City and Zhanjiang City, Guangdong province to see differences among different land use types and different regions. The results showed that the density of apple snail were significantly different in three kinds of habitats with an change order: drainage and irrigation channels>paddy fields>dry lands. Density of apple snails had some significant differences among paddy fields and drainage and irrigation channels of different regions, Overall, the density of apple snails changed with an order of Shantou

  Effect of Chitosan on Acute Toxicity Induced by Cadmium to Tilapia 2011, 27 (1):  433-435.  Abstract + ( 1404 )   PDF ( 610029KB )   ( 902 ) this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chitosan on acute toxicity Induced by cadmium to Tilapia. 540 Tilapia were divided into two treatment groups, each with three replicates, and each replicate 90 ?shes. The control group was designed according to the static test method of acute toxicity; the test group was added equal amount of chitosan with the same method of the control group. The results showed that 24h LC50 for the control group was 20.51mg/L, 24h LC50 for the test group was 33.96mg/L, the significant difference was found between two groups (P<0.01); 48h LC50 for the control group was 9.00mg/L, 48h LC50 for the test group was 18.56mg/L, the significant difference was also found between two groups (P<0.05). Chitosan might decrease the toxicity of cadmium on tilapia to some extent.

  Design and Implementation of Expert System for Aquaculture 2011, 27 (1):  436-440.  Abstract + ( 1447 )   PDF ( 614594KB )   ( 1407 ) In order to improve the aquaculture modern management and carry out the aquaculture automatic management and control, expert system for aquaculture was designed and implemented by using Visual C++, dynamic link library and neural network model and so on. The system includes water quality monitoring, aquaculture production management, expert knowledge query, economic analysis, system settings, and online help and other modules. The system can acquire and record data on water quality of aquaculture environment automatically, and the received data were real-time analyzed and processed based on the different cultivation species, environment, farming system and condition. Finally, the system will send signal either for manual or automatic control according to the results of processing.

  Analysis of tobacco patent at home and abroad during 2000-2009 and hot research topics 2011, 27 (1):  441-445.  Abstract + ( 1462 )   PDF ( 613522KB )   ( 1366 ) In order to better understand the quantity and distribution of tobacco patent and find out the research tend of tobacco science and technology at home and abroad，tobacco patent at home and abroad during 2000—2009 were quantitatively analyzed with comparative analysis approach and literature metrology．Results showed that：（1）view of tobacco patent applications type, the proportion of China's invention patent applications is lower；（2）view of tobacco patent’s applicants, China tobacco company’s competitors is powerful；（3）view of tobacco patent’s development stage, China tobacco company’s new technologies has huge potential for development；（4）view of tobacco patent’s technology distribution, hot topics in tobacco research in China compared the same were different from those in other countries。

  Planting Information Extraction of Winter Wheat Based on the Time-Series MODIS-EVI 2011, 27 (1):  446-450.  Abstract + ( 1731 )   PDF ( 1233503KB )   ( 1932 ) 【OBJECTIVE】It is important to get the accurate information of crop spatial distribution and areas for yield assessment and crop pattern optimization.【METHOD】In this research, time-series MODIS-NDVI was used to improve the accuracy of winter wheat classification. MODIS reflectivity data was used to calculate NDVI firstly. The Savitzky-Golay smooth filter has been developed to reduce the noise and enable the reconstruction of high quality MODIS-NDVI time-series. Based on the reconstructed MODIS-NDVI, as well as crop phenology, a simple but reasonable model was built to distinguish winter wheat classification in Hebei province.【RESULTS】The result showed that the Savitzky-Golay smooth filter model can eliminate efficiently the cloud contaminated data and abnormal data in time-series VI data, and the reconstruct data can capture the crop time profile curve better. There was a notable difference for the classification accuracy between counties. The lowest was 85.9% for Handan county, and the highest was 99% for Cangzhou county. The total accuracy of winter wheat for Hebei province was over 95%. The distribution of winter wheat in Hebei province in 2004 has the distinct features of zonality, it distributed mainly over southeastern Handan, Xintai, central Shijiazhuang and eastern Baoding.【CONCLUSION】It was possible to extract planting spatial distribution information of winter wheat by using time-series MODIS-NDVI data for large areas. The accuracy also showed the results were high in reliability especially in plain areas.

  The Development and Implementation of Evaluation System of Tobacco Quality and Producing Area of Tobacco Based on MYSQL and DELPHI 2011, 27 (1):  451-455.  Abstract + ( 1846 )   PDF ( 822870KB )   ( 1248 ) This paper describes significance of evaluating the tobacco quality and producing area of tobacco, and evaluation system of the evaluation model, database design, system function modules. And using MySQL as database, Delphi 7.0 as a development platform, to implement evaluation software system of a tobacco quality and producing area of tobacco. The study can provide decision making for relevant departments of agricultural production and enterprises in the flue-cured tobacco production species distribution, tobacco quality evaluation.

  The Countermeasures and Suggestion for Big Pushing the Construction of Sugarcane Standardization System 2011, 27 (1):  456-460.  Abstract + ( 1482 )   PDF ( 538710KB )   ( 972 ) This study was done on present situation of sugarcane standardization in China, several problems in the construction of sugarcane standardization such as standard backward and system imperfect were analyzed, and discussed on the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the construction of sugarcane standardization. The results of research showed that: In order to promote the development of sugarcane industry and improve the quality safety of sugarcane products, it is important to defined the constructing objective, enhance the study on theory and method, establish and improve the extention system of sugarcane standardization, to complete the quality monitor system for sugarcane and its products, set up the scientific and suitable consultation service system for standardization information, and increase the implement force for sugarcane standard.

  Thinking on the Standardization of Network Agricultural Information 2011, 27 (1):  461-465.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   PDF ( 553222KB )   ( 1094 ) To the problem that network agriculture information was exponential growing and disarrangement, some scholars focused on a set of solutions such as automatic collection ,intelligent search.. However, the very key to solve the problem ——the standardization of network agriculture information had few systemic research and report. This article outlined the construction present situation and existed problem of the resource .It also summarized the related research，and than, deeply thought on five aspects: classification, coding, description metadata, term, content standardization, quality control which were foundation and also very key problem to network agriculture information standardization, in order to supply some reference for the related studies.

  The Relation of Agricultural Informationization and Rural Informationization 2011, 27 (1):  466-470.  Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 640333KB )   ( 1167 ) Abstract: In this paper, through the description of the concept of agriculture and rural, the connotations and tasks of agricultural and rural informationization, noting that agricultural informationization is the agricultural industry informationization and rural informationization is the interrelated informationization in the rural area. Analysis of the relationship between the two made a narrow sense of agricultural informationization is the informationization in rural areas as part of a broad-based agricultural information and rural informationization does not contain each other, but both in the rural areas of agricultural informationization on the cross-point of view. Finally, the current agricultural informationization and rural informationization in rural areas were focused on the construction of agricultural informationization.

  Patent Search Result and Analysis of High Yield & Resist Maize Breeding and Breeding Technique 2011, 27 (1):  471-474.  Abstract + ( 1685 )   PDF ( 475014KB )   ( 1014 ) Intention to cooperating with the national development and innovation committee to carrying out the bio-breeding industrializated investigation, carried out this patent investigation work; searched patent applications and accredited patents involving high yield & resist maize breeding and breeding technique which publication date or patent publication date were from 1996 to 2007; moreover, statisticed and analysed the patent search date; the result showed that high-yield & resist maize breeding still was primary direction, and routine crossbreeding technique was still majority technique.

  Research on Development Thoughts of Putian Mazu Culture Tourism Estate 2011, 27 (1):  475-482.  Abstract + ( 1847 )   PDF ( 710295KB )   ( 2166 ) Putian mazu culture tourism has great potential as well as challenges. Based on the actual needs of extend Putian Mazu culture tourism industry chain and raise the contribution that Mazu culture tourism make to local economic development, this paper analyses superiorities, inferiorities, opportunities and challenges of Putian Mazu culture torism estate development through SWOT analytical method. Besides, this paper presents the development concepts of Putian Mazu culture torism estate from creative culture point to provide some lessons on Putian Mazu culture torism development in the future.

  Leisure Agriculture Development —— Based on the Perspective of the Ecological Environment 2011, 27 (1):  483-487.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 612350KB )   ( 1097 ) Abstract: Leisure agriculture is very closely linked with the environment. From the perspective of the ecological environment, this paper attempts to divide leisure agriculture into three types, water, mountainous and plain. Then it describes leisure agriculture’s development mechanism from the angle of environmental driving forces and the positive externalities. Finally, from the standpoint of ecological and environmental protection, it puts forward development proposals on leisure agriculture.

  Cooperation Development Evolution of Leisure Agriculture in Taiwan and Zhangzhou 2011, 27 (1):  488-492.  Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 661660KB )   ( 1058 ) To aim at the status that the leisure agriculture’s cooperation in Zhangzhou and Taiwan is deepened increasingly, the author studied the law of development and evolution path for leisure agriculture’s cooperation in Zhangzhou and Taiwan in order to provide the guidance and suggestion. On the basis of the dissipative structure theory, the author also analyzed the evolutionary process of the leisure agriculture’s cooperation in Zhangzhou and Taiwan which included the formation, development and maturity stages, and put forward three stages: industry transfer, industry convergence and industry integration, and should construct agriculture’s cooperation mechanism to promote deep integration of leisure agriculture in Taiwan and Zhangzhou. By the leisure agriculture’s cooperation system in Zhangzhou and Taiwan rising spirally, making form the common market of leisure agriculture in Zhangzhou and Taiwan was conducive to mutually make use of resources and form economies of scale.