Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.21 Published:05 November 2010

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  Detection Of ASF Infection Condition In Henan 2010, 26 (21):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1481 )   PDF ( 672693KB )   ( 1042 ) Detection of ASF infection in CSF epidemiological area of HeNan province; Methods: Suspected- CSF histologic materials of 27 pig farms in HeNan were detected and identified by the commercial antigen-capture ELISA assay and RT-PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Wild-type and Vaccine Viruses of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) . At the same time, Primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of VP73 gene of African swine fever virus(ASFV) and PCR assays were performed to Screen ASF infection; Result: None ASF infection were found in CSF epidemiological area of HeNan province; The detection rate of CSFV by RT- PCR was higher than that by the commercial antigen-capture ELISA assay, the difference was significant. Results showed that none ASF infection was found in HeNan province, though ASFV threat was existed in China as a neighboring country of Russia now.

  The Influence of Different Lysine Concentration on the Cationic Amino Acid Transporter mRNA Expression of Porcine IEC 2010, 26 (21):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1603 )   PDF ( 864651KB )   ( 1200 ) The influence of different lysine concentration on the cationic amino acid transporter mRNA expression porcineIntestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in vitro was studied by the primary culture of porcine IEC. The primary culture of porcine IEC system was established by mechanical and enzymatic (collagenaseⅡ) methods using small intestines removed from colostrum-deprived newborn piglets. Total RNA was isolated from IEC samples after treatment with 0.5 mM, 2mM and 8mM lysine for 96 hours. The cationic amino acid transporters mRNA expression abundances were determined by real-time Q–PCR. The results showed as follows: High concentrations of lysine have significant up-regulation effect on the CAT-1 mRNA expression and there was an obvious dose-dependent effect (P<0.01). Lysine treatment had no distinct effect on the CAT-2 mRNA expression abundance. CAT-2 mRNA expressions of 8mM and 2mM lysine treatment were lower than that of 0.5mM lysine group, but with no significant difference (P>0.05). Lysine treatment had no significant effect on the y+LAT1 mRNA expression abundance (P>0.05). High concentrations of lysine could enhance 4F2hc mRNA expression. 4F2hc mRNA expression abundances of 0.5 mM and 2mM lysine groups were significantly lower than that of 8 mM lysine group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between 0.5mM and 2mM group (P>0.05).

  Comparision of three different methods to extract E.coli lipopolysaccharide 2010, 26 (21):  12-15.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 939117KB )   ( 2565 ) To study and optimize the extracting technology of the lipopolysaccharide of E.coli. The improved hot phenol method, ultrasonic treatment, boiling were used to extract the lipopolysaccharide from the E.coli cell wall, and the products of three methods were purified and detected the absorption value with 721 spectrophotometer, and then were differently injected the grass carp, test the number of white corpuscles in grass carp blood and catalase activity in different the tissue of grass carp with guaiacol method (data shown with OD value). The lipopolysaccharide extracted with the improved hot phenol, ultrasonic and boiling method at diluted 15-folds was separately detected OD value (1.973, 1.003 and 1.153) and was injected the grass carp. The measured number of white corpuscles was 159 cells/μl, 160 cells/μl and 135 cells/μl, respectively, the catalase activity in blood was 0.09, 0.083 and 0.078, in spleen 0.083, 0.078, and 0.06, respectively. The improved hot phenol method was suitable to extract the high concentrate and immune activity lipopolysaccharide.

  Analysis of Main Character of Fodder Hybrid Sugarcane Minmu 101 2010, 26 (21):  16-20.  Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 769897KB )   ( 998 ) Abstract：Minmu101 systematic selected from the cross combination ROC10 and CP65-357. The female parent ROC10 is a variety with high yield, high sugar content and middling stalks. The male parent CP65-357 is a variety with early mature, good cold resistance, high regeneration, strong rationing and wide adaptability. Minmu 101 showed high yield and 5% significant level or 1% significant level than Minmu 42(CK) after many years variety comparation test, regional test and demonstration. It was strong rationing, good cold resistance, more palatable and some sucrose content in stem during the growth period. The nutrition and feeding value were more than or equal with CK. It suggested that MinMu101 could be widely extended in southern China.

  Effects of Heparin Dosage and Sperm Capacitation Time on Ovine Sperm Capacitation and Fertilization in vitro 2010, 26 (21):  21-24.  Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 562425KB )   ( 1062 ) Abstract：In order to find out some modified methods of ovine sperm capacitation in vitro, the effects of their sperm capacitation, enduring durations and fertilization after respectively adding with 0%、2%、5%、10%、20% heparin at different time (0、30、45、60、90、120min), were compared and analyzed. The results showed that ovine sperm capacitation rate was highest (40.92%), acrosome reaction was lowest(16.59%), enduring durations were longest (18h), the blastula rate was highest (20.63%), when adding with 10μg/ml heparin in the capacitation medium for 45min. The effects of capacitation when adding with caffeine or caffeine and 10μg/ml heparin, were not as good as the effects adding with 10μg/ml heparin alone. It can be recommended that it is applicable for improving ovine capacitation in vitro system with 10μg/ml heparin for 45min, caffeine don’t cooperate with heparin to improve the rate of capacitation.

  Discuss on Sericulture and Silk Industry Sustainable Development in Developed Eastern China 2010, 26 (21):  25-28.  Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 852154KB )   ( 972 ) This paper analyses puzzledom of sericulture & silk industry in developed eastern region, discusses the effect of demonstration base modern technology applied sericultural in Jiangsu, and bring forward for promote the sustainable development of sericulture & silk industry.

  Researches on the Strategy to Utilization and Development of Maize Silage in Beijing 2010, 26 (21):  29-32.  Abstract + ( 1437 )   PDF ( 472780KB )   ( 1026 ) Livestock farming is the main element of Beijing agricultural industry, forage shortage is the main factor that affects the further development of livestock farming. Maize silage have higher biomass yield and forage usage value, utilizing maize silage have important effects on alleviating the lack of forage. Utilizing and extending maize silage have great significance for increasing forage supply，decreasing the cost of production and promoting the development of livestock farming. The area of maize in Beijing is about 133,000 hectares, most breed is grain maize, the development of maize silage was not so fast, many grain maize varieties were utilized instead of maize silage, there were problems that included low biomass yield and valve of forage. In order to resolve the problems of forage shortage and the lagging utilization of maize silage, proposed some strategies, including achieving scaled planting and specialized service, resolving the problems of producing hybrids of maize silage, diversifying the maize silage varieties, enhancing the benefit of maize silage by the utilizing mode, improving the maize silage extending, supporting policy and the guidance of governments.

  Polymorphism of IGF-I gene 5′UTR in different cattle population 2010, 26 (21):  33-36.  Abstract + ( 1264 )   PDF ( 994994KB )   ( 1045 ) Abstract：The 5′UTR polymorphism of IGF-I gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in 134 cattle。The results showed that there was one single nucleotide mutation (C→T) in the sequences upstream of exon 1，there are two allelomorphic genes and three genotype。The statistics results finding that allele A was higher than others in Charolais and red steppes，allele B was higher than others in Limousin however two allelomorphic genes have identical frequency in Simmental。AB genotype was higher than others in four groups。Charolais、Simmental and Limousin groups keep a Hardy-Weinberg balanced condition but the red steppes was not。Our study settle the molecular biology foundation for the future research about carcass traits in cattle。

  Establishment and Orthogonal Optimization of ISSR-PCR Amplification System for Huperzia javanica 2010, 26 (21):  37-42.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 1162470KB )   ( 1219 ) The establishment of the ISSR-PCR amplification system could lay a good foundation for identification and classification and analysis on the genetic diversity of germplasm resources of Huperzia javanica using ISSR molecular marker techniques. In this paper，the orthogonal design was used to optimize the ISSR-PCR amplification system of Huperzia javanica in four factors (the concentration of dNTP, Taq DNA polymerase, Primers and Mg2+) respectively. Then, based on the optimal ISSR-PCR amplification system, the concentration of template DNA was proposed by gradient PCR. The results showed that a suitable ISSR-PCR amplification system of Huperzia javanica was established. In a total volume of 20 μL ISSR-PCR amplification system, it contained 1×PCR buffer, 300 μmol/ L dNTP, 0.2 μmol/ L primer, 2.0 mmol/ L Mg2+, 1.75 U Taq DNA polymerase and 40 ng template DNA. The optimized system laid the groundwork for ISSR molecular analysis of Huperzia javanica.

  Effects of IPT on seed germination and seeding growth of tobacco 2010, 26 (21):  43-48.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 1726199KB )   ( 1113 ) IPT (Isoprothiolane) has been proved to improve the development and resistance of plant. In order to offer a theoretical basis for the processing and pelleting of tobacco seeds, this paper compared effects of different concentration of IPT on seeds germination, seed-roots development and seedings growth of tobacco. The results suggested that the concentration range of IPT such as 1～10 mg/L could obviously improve tobacco seed germination, seed roots development and seedings growth. The concentration of IPT was not affected the growth of tobacco when it was too low or too high.

  Wheat Callus Induction and Protoplasts of Separation and Purification 2010, 26 (21):  49-53.  Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 578387KB )   ( 1165 ) Abstract: The three wheat varieties for the material, its immature spikes 、immature embryos and mature embryos for in vitro culture. The infection of explants and the low-temperature processing time before the vaccination in vitro culture characteristics were studied and discussed. The wheat protoplasts from callus of immature embryos were isolated and purified. The infection of concentration of the enzyme, time of enzymolysis and sucrose concentration on separate and pure protoplasts were been discussed.The results showed that: at 1.0-1.5 cm length of the immature spikes more conducive to the in vitro culture; when the immature spikes and immature embryos storied beyond 3 d at low-temperature, long time will affect the callus induction. In protoplast separation experiments 2.0％ cellulose +0.5% pectinase + 0.6M mannitol significantly better than the 3.0％ cellulose +1 ％Pectinase. The best time of protoplast isolated was 4-6 hours with higher protoplast vitality.

  Cloning and Overexpression of Myrosinase Gene TGG1 from Arabidopsis thaliana and Characterization of Recombinant Protein 2010, 26 (21):  54-58.  Abstract + ( 1256 )   PDF ( 972346KB )   ( 1170 ) Myrosinase gene TGG1 of Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein of TGG1 was purified with Ni-NTA.The recombinant protein has a molecular weight of 78 kD, larger than the deduced naked protein (58 kD), but similar to the molecular weight of the natural TGG1 protein. The TGG1 signal peptide has some secretion function in yeast, resulted in approximately 25% myrosases in the culture medium. The TGG1 recombinant protein was active in a wide pH and temperature range. The optimal reaction temperature was around 40℃, and the pH between 6-9. Myrosinase activity was activated by low concentrations of ascorbic acid, and suppressed by high concentrations. The apparent Km and Vmax were 65 μmol/L and 3.28 μmol ? min-1 ? mg-1, respectively when sinigrin was the substrate.

  The Effect of Calcium and Jasmonic Acid on the Expression of CBF in Spinach 2010, 26 (21):  59-62.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 1087607KB )   ( 911 ) The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of calcium and JA on the expression of CBF in spinach. The seedlings of spinach were treated with low temperature (4℃), JA or A23187, one kinds of calcium ionophore respectively, then detected the expression of CBF by northern blotting. The results showed that low temperature and JA regulated the CBF expression positively. Low temperature may increase the JA content of the cell firstly, then JA induced the increase of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), and the JA induced Ca2 + to transmit the low temperature signal through CaM or CaM related proteins, and regulated the CBF expression.

  Immunohistochemical Research of 5-HT Cell inGastrointestinal Tract of Coccothraustes coccothraustes 2010, 26 (21):  63-66.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   PDF ( 1186881KB )   ( 965 ) Abstract：To observe the distributive density and morphology of 5-Hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive cells (5-HT cells) in the digestive tract of Coccothraustes coccothraustes by using the ABC（avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex）immunohistochemical technique.The results indicated that the 5-HT positive immunoreactive cells could be observed throughout the digestive tract, except oesophagus and crop. The highest density is in duodenum，but the lowest cell density is found in the stomach and rectum. The 5-HT cells have different shapes including round, shuttle-like, tapering，ellipse and so on. The cells widely distributed in basal epithelial cells，between epithelial cells and glandular epithelial cells. According to the morphology of the endocrine cells,We suggest that 5-HT positive immunoreactive cells should have both endocrine and exocrine functions, and the Cell distributive formation is related to the function of each part of digestive tract of Coccothraustes coccothraustes .

  Effects of 1-MCP Treatment on Shelf-life Quality of Mingzhu pear and Guifei pear 2010, 26 (21):  67-70.  Abstract + ( 1105 )   PDF ( 1347994KB )   ( 1190 ) Mingzhu pear and Guifei pear was used to investigate the effect of 1-MCP on shelf-life quality . The result showed that 1.0μl/L 1-MCP treatment could significantly delay ripening of the fruit, obviously keep the fruit quality and flavor,reduce the rates of fruit rot.

  Concentration of Heavy Mental and Assessment on Quality and Safety in Myrica rubra Fruits in Zhejiang Province 2010, 26 (21):  71-74.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 571665KB )   ( 1055 ) From this study, we try to find out the scientific support for the safety assessment of the Myrica rubra by investigating the pollution level of Pb, Cd, As and Hg 4 elements in Myrica rubra fruit, which was collected from the main Myrica rubra production areas in Zhejiang Province. And it is also the basis of studying the heavy metal pollution ways and the controlling methods. 128 samples of Myrica rubra Fruits in 13 counties of Zhejiang Province was assayed, evaluated and compared with national standard. We detect the content of Pb and Cd by using the Thermo Solar S4-type graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after the wet digestion, detect As and Hg by using the AFS-930 type atomic fluorescence spectrometer after the pressure digestion. The results showed that the detection rates of Hg, As, Pb, Cd were 100% and average concentration of Hg, As, Pb, Cd was 0.0036, 0.0290, 0.1400, 0.0120 mg/kg respectively. The ratio of concentration and criterion of four elements in fruits was Pb（70%）, Cd（40%）, Hg（35.8%）, As（5.8%）respectively. There were some differences of concentration of Hg, As, Pb, Cd in different regions. The order of the single-factor pollution index of heavy metal determined was Pb>Cd>Hg>As, and the order of the integration pollution index of Myrica rubra Fruits was free from pollution while the polluted status by the heavy metal in Qingtian county was light.

  Evaluation of the maturity and flavor of melons using an electronic nose 2010, 26 (21):  75-80.  Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 2330097KB )   ( 1043 ) In this work, an electronic nose was used to evaluate the different cultivars and mature stages of melons. When the maturity was distinguished according to color, the score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA ) and linear discrimination analysis (LDA ) for the electronic nose measurement show that immature melons can be distinguished from mature melons. The PCA can be used to classify and identify 100% of melon maturity. Meanwhile, the electronic nose was used to distinguish the different cultivars of melons and showed high levels of classification. There was slightly flavor changes of cut and no cut samples, so it is easy to distinguish some of cultivars when the samples are cut using the electronic nose for some melon cultivars. By this research, we built a rapid and accurate method to judge the maturity of melons instead of man sense.

  comparative study on benefit of typical planting patterns in Jiaodong area 2010, 26 (21):  81-84.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 506857KB )   ( 1008 ) Abstract Four major types of seven kinds of typical planting patterns,including grain-vegetables, vegetables-vegetables, grain-grain, grain-fruit have a comparative study for economic benefits in Jiaodong area.The results show that: the best value is vegetable cropping patterns, grain-vegetables type, grains-fruits types of efficiency second, and grain-grain type is the least effective for seven kinds of planting patterns.Vote than watching from investment capacity, grain-grain type is the smallest and the remaining types are more than 1.44. On this basis, we explore existing problems and the main reasons impacting planting changes of Laiyang and and put forward development proposals for farming.

  Morphological plasticity and biomass allocation of a rare and endangered plant—Euptelea pleiospermum seedlings under different light regimes 2010, 26 (21):  85-89.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 659911KB )   ( 1050 ) This study examined the responses of the growth, morphological characteristics, biomass and the biomass allocation of Euptelea pleiospermum seedlings to three natural light regimes (open, gap and understory). The main results are as follows: 1) The growth of Euptelea pleiospermum seedlings was inhibited when the light was insufficient; 2) Euptelea pleiospermum seedlings grew in the gap had more vertical growth trend for more light resources and they increased the number of leaves and the area of them to enhance the use of light;3) Euptelea pleiospermum seedlings reduced the damage of glare on the seedling by increasing the root mass ratio and lowering specific leaf area; when the light was weak, more biomass was invested in shoot, mainly for high growth and leaf growth, to increase the absorption of light. The growing environment of Euptelea pleiospermum is weak in light, but the seedlings need more light, which would cause Euptelea pleiospermum seedlings suppressed by the light in population regeneration, coupled with human damage on the grown plants and their environment, this may be one reason of the decrease in the number of Euptelea pleiospermum.

  Bacillus megaterium Colonization in Roots on Three Sand-fixing Plants 2010, 26 (21):  90-93.  Abstract + ( 1379 )   PDF ( 617422KB )   ( 951 ) Bacillus megaterium strain R labeled by kanamycin was obtained after being marked with concentration 200μg?mL-1 kanamycin and the seeds of Hedysarum mongolicum, Caragana korshinskii and Artemisia ordosica were inoculated with the strain R solution by soaking it to evaluate the colonization density of R strain and rhizosphere effect of different root parts of these plants after the seeding root tip to 12 cm. The result showed that the density of R strain in sterilized soil was more than it in natural soil. The colonization density of strain R came from the root tip down gradually in different root parts, and the colonization density reached to maximum in the 0～3 cm part. The strain R could not be isolated in the 9～12 cm part. The rhizosphere effect of H. mongolicum was most prominent in these plants, and the colonization density of strain R reached to maximum in the rhizosphere of A. ordosica.

  The Multiplication Characteristics of a New Japonica Photo(Thermo)-sensitive Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line(SA) in Hainan 2010, 26 (21):  94-99.  Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 608617KB )   ( 955 ) The new type of male sterile SA line was demonstrated to have more complete and stable male sterility and have specific multiplication character from other type of male sterile line. In order to offer help for its application, the multiplication trials of 2310SA was carried out during two successive spring season in hainan. The results indicated that it was feasible to multiply the seeds of 2310SA japonica line in hainan. The multiplication yields of existing 2310SA were 2.23 t/hm2 with outcrossing rate of 40% under desirable conditions. Some identical multiplication characteristics were observed such as the days from the sowing to heading initiation, characteristics of heading and flowering between 2310SA and its maintainer line, 2310S. Spraying a small number of GA3, lower than 75 g per hectare, the plant height of 2310SA increased significantly. There was no significant effect of different dosages of GA3, 0 g, 75 g, 150 g, 225 g, 300 g, 375 g per hectare,on outcrossing rate of 2310SA. Base on the experimental results，the multiplication technique and suited conditions of 2310SA for the high yield were further discussed.

  Research Advance on genetic Breeding and Its Cultivation of high-quality Rice 2010, 26 (21):  100-105.  Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 635481KB )   ( 1077 ) Improving rice quality and development of high-quality hybrid rice can help to adjust agricultural structure, increase income of farmers and meet the needs of urban and rural people’s living. The improvement of the grain quality of the hybrid rice is one of the difficult and hot spot problems in rice breeding for a long time. Many researchers did a lot of work and made some progress in high quality research. In the present study, the accomplishments on high-quality rice breeding, genetic expression of high-quality characters, etc. were summarized to provide reference for further research in future.

  Study on the Technologies of Maize High-Yield Cultivation in Yellow Huai Hai 2010, 26 (21):  106-110.  Abstract + ( 1445 )   PDF ( 539491KB )   ( 1221 ) In the corn planted area of Yellow Huai Hai, introducing local resources. besides, choosing fine varieties, being suitable to broadcast time, the reasonable planting density, to adopt the measure of effective prevention natural disaster and the nimble harvest time is the guarantee of high-yield cord, and put forward the related proposal to existing problems.

  Physiological Effect of Maize/Chili Pepper IntercroppingⅠ. The Infuence of Different Intercropping Patterns on Photosynthetic Rate and Yield of Maize/chili Pepper 2010, 26 (21):  111-114.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 612278KB )   ( 975 ) The research aimed to confirm photosynthetic rate and yield in different maize/chili pepper intercropping system. The stripes in maize and chili pepper in intercropping system was P/M2:3, P/M2:5, P/M2: 7. In maize and chili pepper in intercropping system of 2:3, 2:5, 2:7, the photosythetic rate of maize intercropping were higher than sole maize, sole chili pepper and chili pepper intercropping. And compared to sole chili pepper, the photosythetic of chili pepper intercropping was a 6.78%-20.4% decline; In the three intercropping system, the yield was higher than sole maize and sole chili pepper, reached very significant level (P <0.01). When compared to maize and chili pepper in the monoculture, the intercropping of 2:3 increased 84.7. The best output effect was the intercropping of 2:5.

  Studies on the breeding and seed-making techniques of high yield of Kangnong no.1 2010, 26 (21):  115-118.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   PDF ( 596231KB )   ( 988 ) Maize hybrid variety KangNong No.1 was bred by inbred lines SN-1 and SN-2 released selfly.It was named 06-1 took part in south of Shaanxi Regioning test in 2007-2008,later on registered as Kangnong No.1 by Shaanxi crop register committee in 2009,coded shaanshenyu No. 2009022.This variety behaves: strong growing ,deep green leaves,high photosynthetic efficiency ,plant height 2.9 m, ear height 1.1m,large amount of pollen,good green-keep ,alive maturing,lodging resistannce,mid-late maturing,high yield,and is spread in shaanxi province.This paper summuried seriesly its research process,characteritics and techniques in making-seed.

  Advance in the technical work space mutation breeding of food crops 2010, 26 (21):  119-121.  Abstract + ( 1174 )   PDF ( 470678KB )   ( 1019 ) Since 1987，by using of recoverable satellite (15 times) and spacecraft (6 times) to conduct bio-carrying test, a group of new fine varieties and lines have been developed successfully, of which more than 30 have been examined and approved by authorities concerned at provincial level and above. They have been applied and popularized widely at different places in China and significant socio-economic benefits have been gained. Meanwhile, great progress has also been made on the study of the mechanism of space mutation breeding. The practice has proved that the space mutation breeding is a new way for high-tech breeding which has combined astronautics technology with conventional breeding technology. It has played a significantly role in speeding up breeding process, shortening breeding cycle, and improving the efficiency of breeding.

  Effects of different nitrogen forms on nutrient element contents in tomato seedlings 2010, 26 (21):  122-130.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 733584KB )   ( 1305 ) In the present study, whole- and split-root experiments were together conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) forms on the concentration and accumulation of nutrient elements in different parts of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings. Results obtained were as follows. Under both homogeneous and localized supply, the concentration of total N in flower was higher than those in leaf and root and they are all higher than that in stem. In a whole-root system, with the increase of NH4+/NO3- ratio in nutrient solution, the concentration of total N increased both in leaf and stem. The mixed supply of NO3- and NH4+ nutrition at the ratio of 75:25 led to a significant increase in the concentration of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in root. In a split-root system, however, when compared to the controle (N|N), localized supply of sole NH4+ (N|A) significantly decreased the concentration of total N both in flower and stem, but increased the concentration of total N in the root which was exposed to sole NH4+, also it decreased the concentration of P and K in both half roots in N|A treatment. Localized supply of either sole NH4+ or the mixture of NO3- and NH4+ at the ratio of 75:25 both decreased the concentration of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in all parts of tomato plants but increased the concentration of sulphur (S) in leaves. With the increase of NH4+/NO3- ratio in nutrient solution in a homogeneous supply, the concentration of boron (B) and manganese (Mn) in leaves and Zinc (Zn) and molybdenum（Mo）in leaves and root all increased. Local supply of sole NH4+ in solution significantly increased the concentration of Fe, B, Zn, Cu and Mo in root. In addition, the mixed supply of NH4+/NO3- led to a significant increase in N, P and K accumulation in the plants no matter what culture mode was.

  A primary discussion on high velocity of plant transpiration 2010, 26 (21):  131-135.  Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 703708KB )   ( 1186 ) Abstracts: Plant transpiration is one of most important physiological function in plant body, it was a great importance that the reason of high velocity of plant transpiration was elucidated. to be based on the anatomic structure of the stomata of plant tissue, the reason of high velocity of plant transpiration by stomata was elucidated with the principles including in the science of meteorology、plant cultivation、mathematics、calorifics etc, viz. to be huge surface area of transpiration、higher temperature in the micro-environment、distinct difference of atmospheric pressure between the inside and the outside of stomata of plant tissue, and more, the reason of high velocity of plant transpiration was elucidated, viz. enlarging the surface area of transpiration by increasing the exponent of the leaf area and enlarging the surface area of transpiration、supplying sufficiently with water. It was the primary reasons of high velocity of plant transpiration including huge surface area of transpiration、higher temperature in the micro-environment、distinct difference of atmospheric pressure between the inside and outside of stomata of plant tissue、great exponent of the leaf area and sufficient supply with water. Finally, a diagrammatic representation of interrelation of correlative factors of plant transpiration was given.

  The Effect of Water Deficit on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism at High Nitrogen Nutrition in Flue-cured Tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.） 2010, 26 (21):  136-141.  Abstract + ( 1201 )   PDF ( 568789KB )   ( 1017 ) A pot experiment was conducted with 2 typical varieties of flue-cured tobacco (K326 and NC89), and 2 nitrogen levels and 2 water treatments. The effects of soil water deficit on photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen metabolism were analyzed. The mechanism of response of tobacco plant under over-application of nitrogen to soil water deficit. The aim of the experiment was to provide the theory for improvement the quality of by using water to control the nitrogen uptaking. The results were as follows: Soil drying decreased the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, and heavy use of nitrogen inhibited this descend. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and water improved the leaf quality. water deficit significantly decreased the uptake of nitrate, inhibited the activity of nitrate reductase, and decreased the total nitrogen contents of middle leaves and upper leaves. Therefore soil water deficit effectively inhibited the nitrogen metabolism at mature stage.

  Research Advances for Mechanism and Identification Index on Drought Resistance in Maize 2010, 26 (21):  142-146.  Abstract + ( 1546 )   PDF ( 575790KB )   ( 1806 ) Drought resistance in maize is a synthesis character, the main content is the mechanism and identification of drought resistance. Morphology is the result of continual evolution in maize. Physiological and biochemical regulation is also an important means resisting drought in maize. We clarified the identification index in maize and the mechanism from morphological, genetics, physiological and biochemical indexes, after summarized the former research. Drought resistance of maize was controlled by polygene and was typical quantity genetics. The identification of drought resistance needed a specific environment and test condition to form a comprehensive evaluation, using genetic analysis with changes of physiological indexes. We found the developing direction of drought resistance in future was the localization and analysis of molecular genetics′ QTLS. In order to provide some useful references for drought resistance identification and its breeding.

  A Method for Developing Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Microsatellite Markers 2010, 26 (21):  147-151.  Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 1140463KB )   ( 1377 ) based on principle and characteristics of the molecular marker techniques of amplified AFLP and ISSR, we have developed a valid method for isolating microsatellites from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genomic DNA. Fragments flanked by one or two microsatellies were amplified using a microsatellie primer, (AG)10 or (AT)10 etc.. A primer IPl of 27bp designed from the sequenced region at one end of the microsatellie, and for nested PCR another primer IP2 of 21bp based on the sequence between IP1 and the microsatellie were prepared. Then primer IP3 of other side of the microsatellite DNA was designed by nested PCR. The success rate was 21%, which is significantly higher than that of traditional methods. The SSR primers which were got from this study showing higher polymorphic, it is great significance for the following testing of the genetic diversity and genetic linkage map construction.

  Effect of alkali stress on physiological characterisistics of Saussurea runcinata at seedling stage 2010, 26 (21):  152-155.  Abstract + ( 1230 )   PDF ( 581114KB )   ( 953 ) This experiment was carried out to assess the physiological property of Saussurea runcinata seedling under varying levels of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mmol/L). To explore the physiological property of Saussurea runcinata seedling under varying levels of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, the Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA contents of Saussurea runcinata were significantly higher than control, and the contents of roots were significantly higher than those of the leaves at the same alkali concentration of stress; the harm of Na2CO3 is greater than NaHCO3 to Saussurea runcinata.

  Effect of Exogenous D-Arg on Polyamine Contents and Drought-Resistance in Rice Seedlings Under Osmotic Stress 2010, 26 (21):  156-159.  Abstract + ( 1208 )   PDF ( 604368KB )   ( 961 ) Abstract: Rice cultivars of Xiangzaoxian32 and Han116 were used as experimental materials, the effects of exogenous D-Arg on the polyamine contents and drought-resistance of rice seedlings under osmotic stress were investigated.The results showed exogenous D-Arg treatment significantly inhibited seedling relative dry weight increase rate and the contents of Put, Spd and Spm in seedling roots ,but did not significantly effect height relative increase rate. Exogenous D-Arg+Put could markedly promote seedling relative dry weight increase rate and the contents of Put, Spd and Spm in seedling roots and height relative increase rate. It indicated that exogenous D-Arg decreased drought-resistance of rice seedlings,and Put could reverse the effects of D-Arg.

  Soil Fertility Analysis of Tie-guanyin Tea Garden at Anxi County 2010, 26 (21):  160-166.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 843974KB )   ( 1012 ) The soil fertility was tested and fertilization level was mastered in Tie-guanyin garden. The object was to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization and soil improvement. The contents of Organic matter, N, P, K and pH of soil Tie-guanyin tea garden soil, which fertilized after autumn plucked at 8 main productive towns were analyzed. Results showed that the mean of mountain soil pH was 4.69, the soil pH of tea garden was between 3.37~4.94, the phenomena of tea garden soil acidification were serious. The difference was very significant. The contents of soil organic matter were rich overall, ranged from 1.22% to 5.39% of surface soil, mean was 2.61%. 87.5% organic matter contents higher than the level of soil fertility grade Ⅰ. The contents of nitrogen were in an appropriate amount. The contents of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen of 91.67% surface soil reached the level Ⅰ. The contents of available phosphorus were high. The contents of available phosphorus of the surface soil at Xianghua Xiangdi were 464.8 mg/kg, exceeding the critical value 60 mg/kg. The contents of potassium were imbalanced. The contents of available potassium were low of subsoil generally. The content of total potassium was high in Gande-Wujia, the difference was very significant with the other 7 towns. Available potassium was seriously short in Xiping Songyan and Longjuan Huaxiangyuan .

  Abundance and Deficiency Indices of Soil Available P for Maize and fertilization recommendation in Shajiang Black Soil AreasIndices of soil Available P Based on ASI Method 2010, 26 (21):  167-171.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   PDF ( 578704KB )   ( 969 ) Abstract: To provide theoretic support for maize Production of Formula Fertilization by soil testing in Shajiang Black Soil Areas. Field Experiments on Fertilizer Efficiency of maize were carried in Shajiang Black Soil Areas. This study used ASI (Agro Services International) method to test soil samples and calibrate ASI soil test according to the typical response categories (50%， 65%，75%，85%，95% of relative yield to soil nutrient values) to establish the abundance and deficiency indices of soil available P for maize in Shajiang Black Soil Areas based on ASI soil testing and fertilizer recommend-ation. The very low， low, medium, higher，high and very high index for soil available P were ＜6 mg/L， 6～13 mg/L，13～21 mg/L，21～36 mg/L， and 36～60 mg/L，＞60 mg/L, respectively. This experiment suggested that the recommended fertilizer quantity were180kg/hm2，150kg/hm2，105kg/hm2，75kg/hm2，45kg/hm2.When soil available P were＞60 mg/L， the fertilizer quantity can be reduced or not applied.

  The optimization of experimental conditions and matrix modifier determining Cd in soil with Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry 2010, 26 (21):  172-176.  Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 673239KB )   ( 1235 ) In this paper, it is optimized that the experimental conditions with graphite furnace determination of Cd in soil. It is ultimately determined that the 5% diammonium phosphate as matrix modifier, with the volume ratio of 4:36, ashing temperature 900 ℃, atomization temperature 1300 ℃. The determination results of 4 soil samples are all within the standard value range.

  Effects on the Paddy Soil Fertility and Rice Output of Green Manure Dressing with Transformation Promoter 2010, 26 (21):  177-181.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 583337KB )   ( 1015 ) The application of green manure dressing with transformation promoter, the ammonium carbonate and the nitrolime used in rice field and the typical paddy soil in south were selected as materials in this study, a plot experiment was conducted to test the effects on the paddy soil fertility and rice output of green manure dressing with different transformation promoter. Results showed that green manure dressing has various advancements, such as: improving available phosphorus, improving soil organic, regulating soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and promoting fertilizer land productivity. The green manure dressing with transformation promoter was also to speed up the decomposing of soil organic. The treatment of the green manure dressing with the nitrolime is best among these. In which the green manure dressing and the green manure dressing with different transformation promoter could boost production. compared to the treatment without the green manure dressing, The rice output were respectively increased 22 kg/667 m2, 24.2 kg/667 m2, 40.1 kg/667 m2 and 47.2 kg/667 m2 by using the green manure dressing and the green manure dressing with transformation promoter, the ammonium carbonate and the nitrolime.

  Research Progress in Abundance and Deficiency Indicators and fertilization of Soil nutrients in Gansu Provice 2010, 26 (21):  182-185.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 500575KB )   ( 1177 ) This paper expatiated on N, P, K and microelements content condition in main tillage soil and the effects of fertilization in Gansu Province, at same time the future development directions were pointed out.

  Effects of adding different organic substances on physical properties and amino acid content of flue-cured tobacco leaf 2010, 26 (21):  186-189.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 563988KB )   ( 1065 ) Effects of adding different organic substances under common measure (CK) on physical properties and amino acid content was studied using flue-cured tobacco leaf in Nanyang of Henan . The result showed that: (1)Compared with the commonly used fertilizing measure ,the treatment added fermented soya-bean milk could obviously increase thickness, equilibrium moisture content, density of leaf fabric ,pulling ,tensile strength of tobacco leaves , and decrease filling value of tobacco leaves, while the treatments added sesame and bean powder appeared to the contrary current , and the treatment added gingili changed indistinctively . (2) The treatments added soybean had much higher total amino acid content ,and the treatments added products of sesame took the second place .Glu, Pro, Asp, Leu, Ala, Gly,Val,Lys, Phe ,and etc was higher which accounted for about 75 percent in every treatment of tobacco leaf, Pro, Asp,Thr, Ala was much higher in the tobacco leaf of treatments of F,E and D compared with other treatments, while Val, Tyr, Phe was higher in the tobacco leaf of treatment E.(3) Different organic substance brought different effect, among them, the two treatments by adding fermented soya-bean milk were the best, the treatment by adding bean powder took second place, and the other two added sesame and gingili were a little in the shade .

  Effects of Land Use on Soil fertility in Liaocheng City 2010, 26 (21):  190-193.  Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 751437KB )   ( 890 ) Using 2007 and 2008 soil sample test data, this paper studyed the impact of different land use types on soil fertility by the single factor analysis of variance and multiple mean comparison.The results showed that:(1)There was significant or very significant impact on soil nutrients under diferent land use type.The decreasing order of impact degree is: total N> organic matter> total phosphorus.But there was no significant impact on soil pH value.(2)There was significant impact on soil organic matter and nitrogen among the different land use types.the order from high to low levels are: agricultural land wasteland ﹥Agriculture ﹥ forest ﹥forestry (fruit) intercropping.(3)There was relatively small impact on soil phosphorus among the diferent land use types.Relatively speaking, the content of soil total phosphorus in forest is in the highest level, followed by agricultural land and wasteland, forestry (fruit) intercropping in the lowest.(4)The soil pH values in different land use types did not change significantly, the soil appears alkaline or weak alkaline on the whole, of which agricultural land shows the most alkaline.

  Study on Effects of Sulfur Coated Urea on Summer Maize 2010, 26 (21):  194-197.  Abstract + ( 1406 )   PDF ( 512595KB )   ( 1019 ) Aimed to know effect of sulfur coated urea(SCU) on summer maize and improve N utilization efficiency, field experiment was conducted to study the effect of sulfur coated urea and urea under different dose and applied methods on the growth and yield of summer maize. Two urea treatments were applied in conventional way (basal dressing plus once topdressing) with nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2 (CK180,custom dose) and 126 kg/hm2 (CK126) respectively, while sulfur coated urea treatment (PCU) was applied by basal application with nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2（SCU180）,126 kg/hm2（SCU126）and 90 kg/hm2（SCU90）respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in grow and yield among the treatments of SCU180,SCU126 and CK180. The yield of SCU180 and SCU126 were 10789.17 kg/hm2 and 10595.11 kg/hm2respectively. Applying SCU on summer maize could significant improve N utilization efficiency and N production rate. N utilization efficiency and N production rate of treatment of SCU126 was 42.59% and 20.74kg/kg respectively. Therefore, it can be speculated that SCU can be used by single basal application to summer maize production system, that help to change twice fertilization （basal and dressing） to one fertilization （basal） , and thus benefit to labor-saving, fertilizer-saving and profit-increasing.

  Effects of Potassium thiosulfate on heavy metal transformation in the soil and its toxic impact on maize seedling 2010, 26 (21):  198-201.  Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 626476KB )   ( 840 ) A study was carried out to determine the different concentration of potassium thiosulfate inside of the solid which affect the exchange condition content of Cu2+,Zn2+, Mn2+，Al3+. A pot experiment studied the effect of different concentration K2S2O3 on the content of heavy metals in maize.The result indicated that the consistency of Cu2+,Zn2+,Mn2+ 's increase along with the potassium thiosulfate which inputs to increase, the consistency of Al3+'s increase along with the potassium thiosulfate which inputs to reduce. The high content of K2S2O3 contains certain toxicity itself,which can inhibit the growth of plant and reduce the biomass greatly

  Analysis of Production, Trade and International Competitiveness of Pear in China 2010, 26 (21):  202-206.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 677742KB )   ( 1159 ) Pear is an important fruit in the world, and is also one of the main export fruits in China. Pear production, trade and competitiveness of China and the world have taken on a new look since entering the 21st century. Here, production, trade and international competitiveness of pear in China were analyzed based on the data from FAO and their different treatment. The results indicate that, from year 2000 to 2007, harvest area, quantity produced of pear and its ratio in the world pear production continued to increase, but yield per hectare was still lower than that of the world; the increasing ratio of pear export quantity in the world market suggests the export competitiveness of Chinese pear was high, but this competitiveness was gained by lower export price level. Aiming at the problems in pear production and trade, the countermeasures of improving Chinese pear production and strengthening its international competitiveness were discussed.

  Study on Viability Testing Methods and Germinating Characteristics of Peach Pollen 2010, 26 (21):  207-212.  Abstract + ( 1301 )   PDF ( 1926070KB )   ( 1490 ) Pollen viability directly influences pollination, fertilization and fruit setting in fruit tree. Therefore, it is necessary to study on the pollen viability in fruit tree introduction or hybridization breeding. The pollen viability of Prunus persica was tested in vitro in the present studies. The germination rate was 64.67% in vitro when the culture medium contained blue-ink, which was not significant difference compared with the control. Therefore, blue-ink coloration was suitable for measuring pollen viability in vitro. The pollen germination in the solid medium was better than liquid medium for the two kinds of peach pollen, which was 25% and 20% increment, respectively. Moreover, germination rate and pollen tube length were affected by temperature, pollen density, sucrose and boric acid in medium. The results showed that it was suitable for pollen germination and pollen tube growth at the condition of 24℃, 1 anther/100 μL, 10% sucrose or 100 mg/L H3BO3.

  The Influence of Four Substrates on Root and Leaf Traits of Actinidia chrysantha Cutting Seedling 2010, 26 (21):  213-217.  Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 622704KB )   ( 1014 ) Using the endangered plant Actinidia chrysantha as material, the cutting propagation experiment was carried out with different substrates (riversand+moss, quartz sand, perlite+riversand and foster earth). Their root characteristics and leaf traits were determined to select the best substrate. The results showed that the effect of different substrates on rooting ratio was extremely distinct. Among these substrates, foster earth had the highest rooting ratio which reached up to 93.02%, followed by perlite+riversand (84.31%) and river sand+moss (70.89%), while quartz sand had the lowest rooting ratio, which was only 42.04%. Furthermore, cutting seedlings on foster earth performed the best in root length, root diameter, lateral root series, root dry weight, root total length, root total surface area, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf dry weight. In addition, they had better growth vigour and would develop to be individuals which were 0.8-1.0 cm in diameter and 1.5 m in height within one year. Therefore, it could be concluded that the foster earth was the best substrate for cutting propagation of Actinidia chrysantha.

  Establishment of ISSR Reaction System in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) 2010, 26 (21):  218-222.  Abstract + ( 1417 )   PDF ( 1254671KB )   ( 844 ) The main factors affected ISSR reaction were tested with Hongyu apricot as test materials to optimize ISSR amplification system, including the concentration of template, MgCl2, dNTPs and primer concentration as well as cycle numbers. The suitable ISSR amplification conditions of apricot were then conducted through the screening and optimization. The results showed that the optimal ISSR reaction was carried out in a volume of 25 μl containing 1 μl template DNA (40 ng), 2.5 μl dNTPS (2.5 mmol/L), 0.5 μl Taq DNA polymerase (2.5 U), 1 μl primer (20 μmmol/L), 2.5 μl 10×PCR Buffer, 2.5 μl MgCl2 (2.5 mmol/L), 15 μl ddH2O and 40 cycle numbers. The ISSR amplifications for 3 cultivars of common apricot were then investigated through the above reaction system. The system was completely suitable to analyze the genetic information for different apricot cultivars and thus supplied the further genetic diversity of apricot with theoretic bases and referenced value.

  Application of different disinfection methods in onion tissue culture 2010, 26 (21):  223-226.  Abstract + ( 1405 )   PDF ( 573641KB )   ( 991 ) This study used several different disinfection methods and microbicides, as well as different disinfection time of onion seed treatment. The result is that the onion seeds were firstly immersed in non-detergent warm water for 12h, then were immersed in 70% alcohol for 1 minute for disinfection , at last were disinfected by mixture of 0.1% HgCl2 and Tween 20 in proportion to 10000:1 for 10 minutes, but the seed germination does not be affected.

  Effect of Silk Fibroin Solution on Lettuce Seed Germination under High Temperature Stress 2010, 26 (21):  227-230.  Abstract + ( 1155 )   PDF ( 1234117KB )   ( 979 ) Abstract: [OBJECTIVE] The research aimed to study effect of three kinds of silk fibroin solution (large molecular weight silk fibroin solution, small molecular weight silk fibroin solution, sericin solution) on lettuce seed germination under high temperature stress [METHOD] Taking lettuce Rapid,Jinke, The Emperor, Sundae as test materials, various concentrations of three kinds of silk fibroin solutions soaked for 4h and the control were dipped in water. Then the lettuce seed were germinated illumination box at 35℃ and germination energy, germination rate, vigor index and single plant fresh weight were measured; [RESULTS] The results showed that germination energy, germination rate, vigor index and single plant fresh weight of lettuce seed pretreated with suitable concentration of silk fibroin solution were higher under heat stress than that in control; [CONCLUSION] The silk fibroin solutions have mitigative effect on seed germination under high temperature stress. Through a comprehensive comparison, mitigative effect of 50mg/L large molecular weight silk fibroin solution and 100mg/L small molecular weight silk fibroin solution under the high temperature stress is better than others.

  A Review for Lily’s Nutritional Features and Fertilization Discipline 2010, 26 (21):  231-234.  Abstract + ( 1358 )   PDF ( 528349KB )   ( 1119 ) Abstract: Fertilization is an important work in lily cultivation. Reasonable fertilization can shorten bulb breed duration and increase the yield and quality of lilies. This paper reviews the achievements in studies on lily mineral nutrition demand, fertilization techniques for bulb breed and commercial lily cultivation, as well as the media for lily cultivation, by which to provide reference for optimizing lily culture technology.

  Study on Occurrence and Damage Characteristics of Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis in the Field of Waxy Corn 2010, 26 (21):  235-242.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 756053KB )   ( 1049 ) Aiming to provide basis for effective control of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis in waxy corn fields,investigations and research was conducted on Occurrence and Damage Characteristics of O. furnacalis in the main producing area of waxy corn of Shanxi Province. Attraction and collection of the imagoes, fixed-points and random investigations on eggs and larvae were the main methodology of this research. There were two generations of O. furnacalis in a year in the field of waxy corn. The two generations had a significant interval and were non-overlapped. Early-June through mid-June was the peak period of the overwintering generation imagoes broke out and the peak period of the first generation imagoes broke out was from early-August to late-August. The first peak period of oviposition was from the end of early-June to the beginning of late-June,and the middle of early-August through late-August was the second peak period of oviposition. The oviposition tendency of O. furnacalis in different growing stages of waxy corn was, before tasseling of the waxy corn, O. furnacalis was more attracted by the waxy corn to oviposit with the progression of the growing stage; after tasseling of the waxy corn, O. furnacalis was less attracted by the waxy corn to oviposit with the progression of the growing stage. The number of eggs laid on waxy corn with basically concerted growth in the same growing stage is comparatively larger than eggs laid on ordinary corn. The second generation of O. furnacalis larvae posted more serious damage than the first generation. The first generation of larvae posted more serious damage on waxy corn in early sowing field than mid sowing fields, while waxy corn in late sowing fields was little damaged by the first generation. Due to little hatching intensity of the first generation larvae, though waxy corn in both early sowing and the mid sowing fields were damaged, the damage was relatively light. The damage posted on waxy corn by the second generation larvae was more serious in late sowing fields than in the mid sowing field. Waxy corn in early sowing fields was lightly or even not damaged by the second generation larvae in a normal year, because it was harvested in the initial stage of damage by the second generation larvae. The second generation of larvae posted serious damage to waxy corn sowed late in the mid sowing field and in late sowing fields. The incidence of waxy corn ear rot disease is closely related to the damage dealt by O. furnacalis. The incidence of ear rot disease is higher if corn ear was damaged by O. furnacalis. Comprehensive control on the second generation in the mid and late sowing field of waxy corn should be strengthened.

  Effect of Different Light Treatment on Photosynthetic Diurnal Changes of Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf 2010, 26 (21):  243-249.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 814225KB )   ( 878 ) In order to understand the eco-physiological characteristics and its suitable ecological condition of Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf, the diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics and its relationship to the environmental factors of Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf under different shading treatment were studied with the Licor-6400 portable photosynthetic system. The results showed as following: (1) with the increase of shading, the Pn, Tr (transpirationrate) decreased significantly, while the Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) increased markedly. (2) Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf's controlling factor of photosynthetic rate was stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation. (3) the trends of diurnal changes of Pn and PAR (photo available radiation) were consistent in the 30% and 60% of full light conditions, but the Pn didn't change with the PAR in the 85% treatment and full light condition. (4) the important environmental factors impacting on Pn were varied in different light conditions. Thus moderate shading was necessary to avoid photoinhibition, and the appropriate spacing was kept to facilitate ventilation for increasing Ci concentration which is benefit for the photosynthesis and growth of Sarcococca ruscifolia Stapf.

  The progress of research on Tobacco black shank 2010, 26 (21):  250-255.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 639893KB )   ( 1465 ) Tobacco black shank is one of the main plant diseases which is caused by bacteria. Tobacco black shank recent years it is serious and always incidence with solanacearum. All of these lead to a significant decline and lower quality on tobacco. So Strengthen comprehensive methods to prevention and control the tobacco black shank is essential for sustainable development of flue-cured tobacco. In this article, there was a exhaustive introduce on the tobacco black shank symptoms, pathogen, infection cycle, incidence of conditions, the pathogenesis and the chemical prevention and control history, current situation and problems on tobacco black shank. the article also focus on the developed fungicides recently, and list a forward view on strengthen the risk assessment on pesticide resistance , strengthen the new mixture of pharmacy and promote the use of, strategy on use the fungicide scenically and rationally. All of these was in order to control the occurrence and development of the tobacco disease and provided a reference on the study of tobacco black shank.

  Biological Activity of 24 Herbicides against Alternanthera philoxeroICes (Mart.) Griseb 2010, 26 (21):  256-261.  Abstract + ( 1713 )   PDF ( 586594KB )   ( 1456 ) Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the control effect of 24 herbicides against Alternanthera philoxeroICes (Mart.) Griseb. The results showed that fresh weight control of 17 herbicides was more than 80.0% at recommended dose, and laboratory toxicity of the 17 herbicides was tested. The toxicity of fluroxypyr was the highest, while that of glyphosate was the lowest, with the IC90 20.07 g a.i./ha and 560.79 g a.i./ha, respectively. The order of laboratory toxicity was fluroxypyr > flumioxazin > tribenuron-methyl > oxyfluorfen > metribuzin > dicamba > fomesafen >2,4-D butylate > mesotrione > paraquat > acifluorfen > oxadiazon > lactofen > isoproturon >MCPA-sodium > fluoroglycofen-ethyl > glyphosate. Based on comprehensive consideration of characteristics and recommended dose of the 17 herbicides, fluroxypyr, flumioxazin, tribenuron-methyl, oxyfluorfen, metribuzin, dicamba, fomesafen, 2,4-D butylate, mesotrione, paraquat, acifluorfen, isoproturon, MCPA-sodium and glyphosate could be used to control Alternanthera philoxeroICes (Mart.) Griseb. Herbicides except tribenuron-methyl could control Alternanthera philoxeroICes (Mart.) Griseb thoroughly at recommended dose, tribenuron-methyl should be applied at a little higher dose than its recommended dose.

  Analysis On Meteorological Conditions Effecting On Migration Of The Rice Leaf Roller 2010, 26 (21):  262-267.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 1827015KB )   ( 1003 ) By comparative analysis on meteorological conditions and occurrences of rice leaf roller during 2005 to 2009 in Guilin region, the temperature, precipitation, wind direction, wind velocity, humidity has been choose as factor that affecting migration of rice leaf roller in Guilin region, thinking of meteorological condition and injurious number in earlier days, we use regression analysis method to establish the work system for grade forecast of meteorological condition that affecting the migration of rice leaf roller. The system has contained long term and medium term forecast. Forecast factor and target has been divided as 5 grades in the work system. Using the mouth’s and season’s and week’s weather forecast conclusion that local observatory have published, synthesize analysis the early days weather and injurious numbers condition, we can forecast the weather condition grade that affecting the migration of rice leaf roller for next mouth, or next season or each day in future 1-7 days. This is a practical forecast work system, the forecast accuracy for each day is larger than 70%. The work system has positive function for manufacture practice.

  Optimization of Fermentation Culture Medium for Producing Strain of Wuyiencin by SAS software 2010, 26 (21):  268-272.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   PDF ( 911223KB )   ( 956 ) Abstract: Wuyiencin, an agricultural antibiotic, was produced from the Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var. wuyiensis. Wuyiencin used as fungicide has strong inhibitant effects and obvious control effects on many fungi pathogenic of crops. The aim of this research is to increase production of producing strains and decrease production costs of Wuyiencin. By using Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Method which provided by SAS software to optimize the fermentation culture medium of strain C-75.Corn flour and CaCO3 were chosen as the major components from nine compositions of medium. Then the regression model of RSA was established by Response Surface Method: Y=5826.99-91.56X2-180.69X8- 194.31X22-151.25X2X8-205.31X82.It was predicted that when the concentrations of corn flour and CaCO3 were 2.314g and 0.205g respectively(the volume of medium is 50ml), the regression model exist maximum. The average tieter of Wuyiencin was determined 5837μg/ml actually by shake-flask. The Wuyiencin production was increased by 38.53% when strain C-75 was cultivated in the optimum medium instead of the original one.

  Amplification and analysis on partial sequence of the rp operon of phytoplasma associated with mulberry yellow dwarf disease 2010, 26 (21):  273-277.  Abstract + ( 1639 )   PDF ( 1045889KB )   ( 1041 ) Partial sequence of the rp operon of phytoplasma associated with mulberry yellow dwarf disease (MYD) was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) employing primer pair rpF/rpR, sequenced and analyzed by corresponding biology software. The results show that a 1240bp DNA fragment in the rp operon of phytoplasma was amplified from the infected mulberry（GenBank accession No. GQ373255）.The fragment includes partial sequence of rps19 gene, complete sequence of rpl22 and rps3 genes. The sequence shares 96.6-99.9% identity to those of other representative phytoplasmas in the 16SrⅠ- rp subgroup. Phylogenetic tree shows that the MYD phytoplasma and mulberry dwarf (MD) phytoplasma are clustered into the same subgroup, 16SrⅠ- rp-B subgroup.

  Screening of Superior Strain of Beauveria bassiana Parasitized on Ostrinia furnacalis 2010, 26 (21):  278-281.  Abstract + ( 1484 )   PDF ( 561730KB )   ( 898 ) Here five strains, isolated from the cadaver of corn borer and peach borer infected by Beauveria bassiana, were studied on virulence, growth, sporulation and germination. Two high virulent strains, B6 and B17, were obtained. The bioassay results showed that B6 and B17 had the high virulence on the corn borer with mortality of 95.4% and 90.8%, infected rate of 94.4% and 87.8％, median lethal concentration(LT50) of 4.4d and 4.7d at concentration of 108 spores/mL. The median lethal concentration(LC50)were 1.3×106 spores/mL and 2.8×106 spores/mL. The two strains had good biological characteristics too. Consequently, B6 and B17 strains have applied potentiality to control corn borer in future.

  Growth Condition and Development of Water Hyacinth 2010, 26 (21):  282-285.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 1079877KB )   ( 983 ) This paper studies the growth of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, under different environmental conditions, in order to provide information for its control. The results showed strong illumination, high humidity and good ventilation was the suitable condition growth of water hyacinth and could promote the new leaves development and delay plant death. The invariableness condition (in climate chamber) was more helpful for the plant development than natural environment. Cultured in climate chamber, the new leaves and stem of water hyacinth developed fast and stopped growth at 22 days. The leaves gradually died according to the germinating time. The interval between adjacent leaves of the same plant almost had no significant difference as between 3.0-6.0 days, while the average interval between adjacent leaves among different water hyacinth samples also didn't perform significant difference as between 4.1-5.7 days.

  Assessment of Ecological Safety Based on Ecological Footprint in City—take Baoji as an instance. 2010, 26 (21):  286-290.  Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 595471KB )   ( 941 ) Abstract:【OBJECTIVE】Analyze ecology safe and social economic development existing problem and countermeasure in Baoji, in the hope of providing the reference basis for relevant decision department;【METHOD】Based on analytical method of the ecological footprint, utilize the ecological pressure index to carry on preliminary research and appraise to the ecology of 1996-2005 years of Baoji safely;【RESULTS】The ecological pressure index of Baoji has increased by 3.06 times from 1.453041to4.452437 increased from 1996 to 2005, the contradiction that ecological footprint and ecology bear the weight of between strength is being aggravated, the ecosystem is being further destroyed, people have tense relation, the existing development model is unsustainable, the ecological environment is turned into an extremely unsafe state more unsafely;【CONCLUSION】Appraise result reveal Baoji city natural ecology for the past ten years turn by unsafe state into extremely state more, and the ecological pressure index is on the rise.

  Progress in the study on Ecosystem Health Assessment 2010, 26 (21):  291-296.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   PDF ( 539621KB )   ( 1133 ) Ecosystem health is a state of the ecosystem characteristics of a system of diagnostic methods. At present, ecosystem health assessment is difficult in the field of study, still in the exploratory stage methodology, both in research methods and theory, need to be further developed. This article emphasis on ecosystem health assessment methods summarized and analyzed on the basis of theoretical studies ecological health at home and abroad. Ecosystem health assessment methods generally include Indicator species method and the Index system method in two ways. Indicator species method simple and easy, but because of the screening criteria and indicator species of ecosystem health indicators on the role of the strength is not clear, and did not consider the socio-economic and human health factors, is difficult to fully reflect the health of the ecosystem. Index system method in accordance with the characteristics of ecosystems and their services to establish a quantitative evaluation index system, is the main method of the regional ecosystem health evaluation. Furtherly, specific applications of different methods and the advantages and disadvantages are reviewed.

  Thinking on agricultural biodiversity under low carbon 2010, 26 (21):  297-300.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 514499KB )   ( 1285 ) Conservation on agricultural biodiversity is vital important to the development of low carbon agriculture. Situation on agricultural biodiversity of China were analyzed in the paper. Related problems for agricultural biodiversity of China under low carbon agriculture were discussed from three sides of value, function and influencing factors. Three functions on production, life and ecology of agricultural biodiversity were put forward. This paper suggested that government should prepare master plan of conservation on agricultural biodiversity, develop low carbon agriculture, estimate the value of agricultural biodiversity, reduce destroy of human and entrance propaganda on energy-saving and environmental protection.

  Effects of Mining Subsidence on the Land Ecosystem Services in Red Flag coal mine 2010, 26 (21):  301-304.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 685535KB )   ( 890 ) To study the area of coal mining subsidence and the land ecological service value because of mining subsidence .Firstly， forecast mining subsidence quantitatively by FLAC model, then, analyzed and estimated land ecological service value quantitatively caused by the mining subsidence according to the mining subsidence prediction results based on GIS technology. The results show that the maximum value for subsidence of the whole field is 3 590 mm, the maximum inclined value is for 71.8 mm, the maximum value for curvature is 2.18×10-3/m, the maximum horizontal deformation value for 27.3 mm/m, maximum level moving 898 mm for the whole field, surface subsidence area for 8.09 km2, Will lead to loss of land ecosystem service value 5,371,100 Yuan.

  Study on Hydrogeochemical Features in Karst Forest Underground River Catchment Of Banzhai，Libo，Guizhou 2010, 26 (21):  305-311.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 1735976KB )   ( 1082 ) The hydrochemistry type, spatial distribution and the cause of formation about the river were discussed by analyzing the hydrochemistry data which from the karst springs, the surface water and the underground water monitoring stations in Banzhai. The results showed that the pCO2 of the karst spring was high, and the concentration of the CO2 in 20cm depth was 38000ppm in the area of Laqiao，which was 30 times higher than the area of returning farmland. The surface retained water which was formed by the land cover in the forest and karst aquifer make up a multilayer hydrogeology space structure, which increased discharge storage largely and decreased the water release. Then the arid landform caused by an unequal distribution of rainfall was improved greatly. The soil in maolan was much less than in not-karst zone, although the maolan in forest area, where the process of karst in the forest area was not strong. The pollution of the MaoLan Natural was mainly from agricultural activities such as the effect of fertilizer and domestic sewerage etc. The dynamical change of hydrochemistry in epikarst spring water was influenced by surface environment and rainfall greatly. The hydrochemistry of underground water was affected by the diluting processes of rainfall obviously.

  The Influence of Climates during Field-growth Season onChemical Quality of Tobacco Leaf in Zhaotong Yunnan 2010, 26 (21):  312-317.  Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 573522KB )   ( 983 ) Abstract In order to improve the quality of tobacco-leaf in Zhaotong Yunnan, the paper strived to explore the relationships between the climates in tobacco planting and chemical quality of tobacco. Based on numerous observed data related to tobacco quality and meteorological condition, contrast analysis method and Hierarchical clustering method were used to investigate tobacco climates in Yunnan Zhaotong and their influence on chemical quality of tobacco leaf. In this paper, the sorts of chemical quality of tobacco leaves yielded in Zhaotong were objectively compartmentalized. Then the causes that climatic conditions in Zhaotong are suitable to producing tobacco leaves of 4 chemical quality types were probed and finally discovered. And the superiority and defects of tobacco climates in Zhaotong were illustrated. Referring to the gross of three climatic elements (average temperature, rainfall and sunshine duration) during tobacco field-growth season, the tobacco planting area in Zhaotong was always inferior to most other tobacco planting areas in Yunnan and Guizhou province. But it surpassed most tobacco planting areas in Guizhou province in sunshine duration from April to June, and had an advantage over most other tobacco planting areas in Yunnan province in quantity of sunshine and heat from July to August. These climatic characteristics in Zhaotong were advantageous to the formation of its individualized chemical quality for tobacco leaf, which has medium sugar, nitrogen and nicotine but low potassium, still less content of petroleum ether extract (only slightly higher than the one for tobacco in central Yunnan).

  Analysis on Climate Change Nearly Fifty Years in Xilingole Area 2010, 26 (21):  318-323.  Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 851834KB )   ( 940 ) In order to learn the degree of response of Xilingole Area to the global climate change, and supply a dependable basis for the exploitation and utilization of ecological resources, according to the basic meteorological data of 15 weather stations in Xilingole area from 1969 to 2009, with statistical methods such as one linear regression, linear trend analysis, correlation analysis, this article analyzed and studied climate change nearly 50 years in Xilingole area. The results showed that temperature change increased significantly with increasing rate as 0.43℃/10 a, the average temperature rised about 1.6℃ and climate growing period increased an average of 7.1 d. It had basically unanimous changing tendency with that of global, northern hemisphere and China, and the temperature in Xilingole area varied over a much wider range than the world. Seasonal average temperature had increasing trend, and the fastest increased in winter and spring, the slowest in summer and autumn. Moreover, surface wind speed decreased significantly with change rate as -0.28(m/s)/10 a. Precipitation, sunshine hours and evaporation had no significant change. The climate warming tendency was obvious nearly 50 years in Xilingole area, global warming was the main factor which effected temperature change in this area. The change tendency and rate of very few meteorological factors had regional differences.

  Evaluation of different storage period of soil amendment effect on suppressing root-knot nematode（Meloidogyn incognita) 2010, 26 (21):  324-328.  Abstract + ( 1331 )   PDF ( 673837KB )   ( 802 ) Abstract: To determinate the effective storage period of soil amendment (SA, developed by the laboratory of Entomology and Nematology-LEN) on cucumber growth promotion and on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyn incognita) suppression, the evaluation was carried out in laboratory related to cucumber (Qianqiu 1 variety) leaf total area, seedling weight above the ground, number of fibrous root and total length and the number of root-knot/10cm root length. The results demonstrated that comparing with the nematode control, stored 14 weeks’ SA could increase 113.12% cucumber leaf area, 30.19% seedling weight after 20 days’ growth, which were significant higher than those of SA stored for 1, 16, 37and 42 weeks. The 14-week SA could also increase 178.15% number of fibrous roots. There was no significant difference with that of 1 week and 42-week SA. After 1 or 14 week storage, SA could increase more than 200% the total length of fibrous roots and decrease 72.80% the number of root knots. There was no significant difference among the SA in different storage period. In brief, 14-week storage was the best period for SA store.

  The spatial relationships of landuse on different soil type within the watershed 2010, 26 (21):  329-334.  Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 773044KB )   ( 962 ) The spatial distribution of different soil types and landuse types were analyzed by using geographical information system, landscape ecology analysis methods with ArcGIS and Fragstats typical in red soil region in the Zhuxi watershed. The major findings of this study include: 1) red soil is the main soil type in the watershed of Zhuxi River, the other types of soil has the less area, and their distribution is scattered. 2) The west region of the watershed is human landscape, such as farmland, residential centre, industrial and mineral land, traffic land. While the east region is mainly occupied by forest land. The area of the unused land is small. The whole watershed presents the scene of “west farm and east forest”. 3) The patch density of soil landscape is small, edge density’s amplitude is large, and patch shape is complex. 4) With the increasing of human disturbances, the patch density of landuse landscape has the tendency of increasing, edge density is gradually decrease from farmland, garden, forest land, grassland, residential and industrial land, traffic land, water to unused land, edge shape tends to regular, and patch shape is complicated and various.

  Analysis on Composition and Structure of Soil Animals in Farmland of Sanjiang Plain 2010, 26 (21):  335-340.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 672556KB )   ( 1024 ) Abstract: Soil animals were an important composition in agro-ecosystem and played an important role in the course of energy flowing and material cycling. The soil types of farmland in Sanjiang Plain are mainly made up of meadow soil , black soil, white pulp soil and swampy soil. From the view of eco-geography, methods of field sampling and indoor analysis are used to investigating and identifying the soil animals in four representative soil sorts of the Sanjiang Plain. A total of 7031 individuals, 51 sorts soil animals were captured, belonging to 4 phyla，7 classes，16 orders and 39 families, including 3 dominant groups, 8 common groups and 40 rare groups among them. There was obvious difference of soil animals in each site, which mainly manifested that the groups and numbers of macro-soil aminal in meadow soil are the largest while that of macro and meso-micro soil animals in white pulp soil are the smallest. The diversity analysis showed that the macro-soil animal diversity index was the swampy soil >meadow soil > black soil > white pulp soil, correlating positively with abundance and evenness indices,and negatively with dominance index. The diversity index of small and medium sized soil animals had no significant correlation with other indices. High similar degree appeared among soil animals in 4 soil sorts, most of them were middle similar but that between swampy soil and meadow soil was significantly similar.

  The Remediation Standards and Evaluation Methods for Remediation Effectiveness of Contaminated Soil 2010, 26 (21):  341-345.  Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 559147KB )   ( 1394 ) The contaminated soil remediation standard formulation's aim is under the premise of ensuring the reuse of contaminated land, to reduce or cut the contaminants which cause to receive in the more serious contaminated soil environment is insufficient to lead to greater ecological damage and health risks. In this paper, some suggestions on the establishment of remediation standards for contaminated soils such as clean technology factors, factors of soil background values, standards and regulations to control pollution of ecological factors and assessment of toxicological risks were put forward, based on the analysis of the disadvantages of soil environmental quality standard research on evaluation methods for remediation effectiveness of contaminated soil, commonly used evaluation methods, such as phytotoxicity testing, terrestrial invertebrate toxicity testing, soil microorganism toxicity testing and biomarker assessment methods were described. Furthermore, future research directions were also discussed.

  Xinyang City Characteristics and Causes of Temperature Change 2010, 26 (21):  346-350.  Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 8160345KB )   ( 1620 ) Xinyang 1961 through 2009, statistical analysis of temperature observations reveal the fact that global warming Xinyang. Linear regression analysis, moving average methods such as monthly mean temperature changes in diagnostic analysis, using non-parametric test (MK method) to the temperature trend in seasonal variation was tested. The results showed that: ① In the 1960s, the temperature fluctuations changed amplitude, the late 1960s had the lowest average annual temperature into the 1970s average temperature is rising, the average increase of about 0.027 ℃, and significant at 0.05 level; ② seasonal differences in temperature changed during the year. Order of successively decreasing temperature in winter, autumn and spring. Xinyang on the fact that global warming has made a positive response, nearly 49 years the average temperature increasing trend evident, particularly the recent increasing trend is accelerating.

  Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources of Winter Wheat Growth Period before Over Wintering in Southern Hebei 2010, 26 (21):  351-355.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 2441993KB )   ( 988 ) On the basis of the meteorologic data observed by 4 meteorological stations in southern Hebei from 1962 to 2009, the variation features of agricultural climate resources during the growth period before overwintering was studied by applying the methods of climatic trend rate, wavelet analysis and M-K methods. The results showed that the first day of winter wheat overwintering period was postponed and climate heat resources was more abundant in recent fifty years. The first day of winter wheat overwintering period and climate heat resources were also existed abrupt change over 1987. Sunshine hours and aridity-wetness homogenized index during the growth period before winter did not change significantly and there were no abrupt changes. The first day of winter wheat overwintering period had mainly the interannual oscillation periods of 6-7 years and 12-16 years. The accumulate temperature of ≥0℃ before overwintering had mainly the interannual oscillation periods of 6-8 years from 1962 to 1988 and that of 8-10 years from 1989-2009. Multi-scale variations existed in sunshine hours and 10-12 years variation period was identified over the past twenty years. Aridity-wetness homogenized index during the growth period before winter had mainly the interannual oscillation periods of 4-6 years and 14-16 years. The results indicated that climate heat resources and the first day of winter wheat overwintering period changed obviously. Appropriate readjustment should be made by full consideration of.climate change in recent ten years.Aridity-wetness homogenized index showed the wetting trend and the probability of freezing damage was little.With the interannual changes of dry and wet , irrigation before wintering was the important measures that reduced risks of the wheat frozen injury.

  Study on the Water Environmental Capacityin Nonpoint Source Polluted River 2010, 26 (21):  356-359.  Abstract + ( 1102 )   PDF ( 719191KB )   ( 1105 ) In order to explore math model for the water environmental capacity in nonpoint source polluted river and provide scientific basis for the rational use, the water environmental capacity in branch of Nonpoint Source Polluted River was studied, according to the pollution status of the typical river in the east of China-Cao’e River, Based on the flow characteristics and data of hydrological and pollution sources investigating and water quality data, water environmental capacity of every month was evaluated by using appropriate math model. The results showed that this method was simple, practical and applicable to the case of nonpoint source polluted river for studying water environmental capacity of NH4+-N, TP and CODcr.

  Identification of the Physiologic Races of Magnaporthe oryzae and Identification of Blast Resistance of Imported Rice Resource in Heilongjiang Province 2010, 26 (21):  360-363.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 559519KB )   ( 967 ) This experiment took 478 single conidium as material which collected in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype of Heilongjiang had been classified by two sets of identification system, one was 12 differential hosts of Japan another was seven differential host of China. The results showed that predominant races were 77.7, 377.7, 737.5, 100, ZE1, ZG1and the high virulent races were 437, 777.7, 777.1, ZA9, ZA1, ZA13. The blast resistance of 63 imported rice resources had been identification according to predominant races& predominant races and 240 single conidium.The results showed that resistance spectrum of imported rice resources exceed 80% were G39, Jijing 88, Shennong 9903 which can be used widely. It is a simple and accurate way to identification the blast resistance of rice resource according to predominant races& predominant races..

  Study on Coupling Degree between Urban Economy and Land Use Efficiency in Cities OF Sichuan Province 2010, 26 (21):  364-367.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 629673KB )   ( 1274 ) The key to solving the contradictions between land supply and land demand lies in the improvement of efficiency of land use．To make right and scientific economic development strategies，the coordination between urban economic development and efficiency of land use is to be measured．By using comprehensive evaluation index system and factor analysis method, this paper makes comprehensive evaluation on Urban Economy and Land Use Efficiency in18 Cities OF Sichuan Province, This study works out a model of coupling degree between economic development index and efficiency of land use in different cities in order to get the coordination degree between urban economic development and efficiency of land use．The model reflects the urban development levels and coordination degree between urban economic development and efficiency of land use，giving a concise and systematic presentation of the system．Quantitative evaluation and comparison studies can be carried out by applying the model to investigate the coordination degree of land use and economy in a region or different regions in different periods．The data collected from statistical yearbooks of Chinese cities was calculated through the model to get the coordination degree during period of 1998 to 2008．Results show that the main problem facing Sichuan Province’s 18 cities coordination degree between urban steadily. The study also shows that the economy and efficiency of land use has been improving still is an urgent issue to be solved．The study suggests that the government should play a leading role in this regard and equal efforts should be made in developing economy and improving efficiency of land use so as to improve the coordination between the two to achieve sustainable development．

  Screening of copper-tolerance strains in Copper tailings wasteland and their resistance on heavy metals 2010, 26 (21):  368-371.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 832676KB )   ( 1034 ) Abstract: Isolation of copper-resistant bacteria from copper tailings wastealand was investigated, which was screened from solid mediums containing a certain concentration Cu2+. The results showed that the highest tolerance concentration of heavy metal Cu2+ for this strain was 390 mg?L-1. Strain characteristics of the results showed that the optimum growing temperature was around 30℃, and the optimum growing pH value was neutral, but osmotic tolerance of this srtain was not very strong. In addition to Cu2+, this strains also showed a strong resistance on the heavy metal Zn2+ and Pb2+.

  The Applications of MapX technique Modern Industrial System of Manihot esculenta 2010, 26 (21):  372-378.  Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 1947913KB )   ( 766 ) This paper expatiated the intension of geographical information system (GIS). By using of Manihot esculenta data of Tropical Corps Genetic Resources Institute, The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, and GIS technology, A Modern industrial management system was designed based on MAPX technique to solve the traditional management system problem. The system adopted Oracle9i spatial database technique to manage data, and was secondary developed by using the Maplnfo Professional, MAPX technique and visual B language. It can realize dynamic management of the Manihot esculenta industrial system quickly and conveniently. And the system can makes full use of network resources and makes the process of global optimization fast.

  Evaluation and Analysis of Some Biological Characteristics on Mango(Mangifera Indica) Genetic Resources 2010, 26 (21):  379-384.  Abstract + ( 1082 )   PDF ( 577546KB )   ( 996 ) Abstract：10 index for major biological traits i.e. tree bough and trunk angle; leaf length, width; inflorescence length, width, bisexual flower and male flower diameter; fruit length, width;single fruit weight were used to evaluate the main mango germplasm. Among 10 index, abundant biologic diversity was found and classification were carried out using 12 index including the leaf index and fruit shape index. An applicable reference standard was assumed using specific data indicator and reference cultivars, which lay a certain foundation for the system evaluation of mango germplasm resources.

  ethephon on the role of different to banana leaf chlorosis at different temperatures 2010, 26 (21):  385-387.  Abstract + ( 1225 )   PDF ( 1436378KB )   ( 856 ) Bananas are subtropical and tropical areas important economic crops. Cold damage causes significant losses to banana production, because it originated in the tropics, no cold tolerance. Ethephon and low temperature stress are two factors of banana leaf chlorosis. In this study, it was performed that experiments of different concentrations of ethephon on the role of the banana leaf chlorosis at different temperatures. The results revealed that ethephon promoted banana leaf chlorosis at non-stress temperature and ethephon inhibited banana leaf chlorosis under low temperature stress.

  Study on Indexes System and Methods of Subjective and Objective Comprehensive Evaluation for Township Government Website 2010, 26 (21):  388-393.  Abstract + ( 1069 )   PDF ( 597958KB )   ( 1096 ) This paper analyses the necessity of evaluate township government website and the study of assessment system which base on the study of the different between township and city government website, establishes an evaluation index system of township government website subjectively and objectively. An evaluation model is proposed where determine the attribute weight of every evaluation index by AHP, itemize the evaluation guidelines and computing methods.

  Analysis and Design of Management and Decision Support System for Farming Coupled with Ecology Process Model 2010, 26 (21):  394-399.  Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 756905KB )   ( 887 ) The article explores the coupling of ecology process model to agriculture management model, puts forward the assumption of designing agriculture management information system coupled to ecology process model. Based on spatial information and GIS, the article puts forward an effective and intuitionistic scheme for the coupling model. After study of system analysis, system design, function and technique, using SuperMap as platform, the management and decision support system for farming coupled to ecology process model (TES_AGRDSS) was developed. The strong function of GIS was used by TES_AGRDSS model, and all kinds of information were integrated, TES_AGRDSS actualizes the circulation and linking between attribute data and spatial data, between data of different models. It is very helpful to the management and decision-making of land use that ecology process model’s application on region and coupling of models come true.

  The development and application of virtual plant 2010, 26 (21):  400-403.  Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 469048KB )   ( 1150 ) Thanks to the rapid advances in computer software and hardware, significant progress has been made in virtual plant over the past 30 years. Now the technique of virtual plant has become one of the core parts of supporting techniques in precision agriculture. In the present paper, the development history and present advances of virtual plant are summerized, several developing trends are discussed based on the present technical limitations. Some applications of virutal plant in science research, precision agriculture, education and animation moves are also introduced in the last.

  Building and Application of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Decision-making System Based On B/S Architecture 2010, 26 (21):  404-407.  Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 770655KB )   ( 800 ) This paper designed and realized a soil testing and fertilizer recommendation decision-making system.The system used flash as front technology to accomplish map navigator function,and in background part,the sytem used J2EE,Struts,Hibernate to achieve the Web service application,thus it had the effect of the presentation layer,business layer,data layer seperated.

  Research on problems and reform proposals for Centralized management of rural central water supply 2010, 26 (21):  408-412.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 530857KB )   ( 1161 ) Through the sample test, which refers to eight counties’ rural central water supply of Jingzhou city of Hubei Province, we can see that nowadays, the facilites of township and village rural central water supply plants are inadequate, so one to three indicators related to the finished, domestic and used running water exceed the national standard. Water management is very confused, while there is a big unertainty on safety of drinking water. We must develop a regulatory focus on water management in rural areas. We have to clear the public good nature of rural safe drinking water, clear the responsibility of local governments in rural drinking water safety, clear way to stay on the depreciation expense management mentioned in the Water Supply Project, clear accountability measures on the management of rural drinking water safety and to ensure long-term development of rural central water supply security.

  Effect of different grate area on tobacco quality and performance of Bulk Curing Barn 2010, 26 (21):  413-416.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 566560KB )   ( 859 ) In order to research different of grate area on tobacco quality and performance of bulk curing barn, comparative tests were conducted about different grate area, which grate area was respectively A: 0.585 m2（0.86 m×0.68 m, B: 0.482 m2 (0.86 m×0.56 m) and C: 0.385 m2 (0.74 m×0.52 m). It showed :(1) There was on obvious difference between the level and vertical temperature difference which was within 3℃. (2) There was great 8.9℃ temperature difference the setting and measured value in color stage with C treatment, but A and B treatment temperature difference of setting and measured was within 3℃. (3) A and B treatment had no significant differences in the quality of cured tobacco and curing cost, but it was adverse effect of C treatment.

  Path analysis of effects of morphometric traits on body weight of Exopalaemon modestus in Taihu Lake 2010, 26 (21):  417-421.  Abstract + ( 1505 )   PDF ( 546962KB )   ( 1075 ) 521 white shrimps(Exopalaemon modestus) in Taihu Lake were randomly sampled and nine morphormetric traits including abdominal length , abdominal width , body length ,carapace length，carapace width，tail length , length of upper frontal eminence , tail width and body weight were measured. The morphometric traits were used as independent variables，and body weight was used as a dependent variable .The correlation coefficients , path coefficients and decision coefficients were calculated by correlation analysis and path analysis, then effects of morphometric traits on body weight was analyzed. The results showed that path coefficients of abdominal length, body length and length of upper frontal eminence achieved significant (P<0.01 ) levels．Indirect effects of morphometric traits on body weight were higher than that of direct effect except body length . Body length, abdominal length and length of upper frontal eminence had the top three direct effect on body weight in turn. Other morphometric traits had a little effects on body weight and they mainly affected body weight indirectly through body length and abdominal length. The result of decision coefficients revealed that body length, abdominal length and length of upper frontal eminence had the most effect on body weight ,which was consistent with the results of path analysis. The morphometric traits which did not reach the significance level (P<0.05)were eliminated and others were used to establish the multiple regression equation, which was Y=-2.768+0.046X1+0.066X3+0.025X7

  Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Technique and its Application in Aquaculture 2010, 26 (21):  422-426.  Abstract + ( 1466 )   PDF ( 556633KB )   ( 2203 ) Abstract： The technology of real-time fluorescent quantification PCR stems from the technology of PCR and fluorescent dye. It has developed a method of calculating nuclear amount and has been widely used in all fields of life science. Here we elucidate the principle of detecting, fluorescent dye, house-keeping gene and the application in aquaculture about real-time fluorescent quantification PCR.

  Studied on the oxygen consumption rate and asphyxian pointfor the white spotted char 2010, 26 (21):  427-431.  Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 626092KB )   ( 899 ) In 2009,at 13.08℃ of water temperature the oxygen consumption rate and asphyxian point for two sizes of the white spotted char（Salvelinus Leucomaenis f.pluvius ）were determined during the daytime and nighttime from 6:00 to 5:00 of the next day in Bo hai Cold water Fish Experimental Station of Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute. The results showed that the oxygen consumption rate and asphyxian point would be decreasing along with the increasing of the bodyweight of the white spotted char, but oxygen uptake would be increasing with the increasing of bodyweight. There were no significantly difference for the oxygen consumption rate at the same size in day and night , merely the mean oxygen consumption rate in the night time was higher that the daytime’s. At the water temperature of 13.08℃，and the 2.06g bodyweight of white spotted char, oxygen consumption rate, mean oxygen uptake and asphyxian point was 6.14mg／g?h，13.58mg／indi.?h and1.28mg／L respectively , also in the same water temperature, the 85.95g bodyweight of white spotted char, oxygen consumption rate, mean oxygen uptake and asphyxian point was 0.46mg／g?h，39.69mg／indi.?h and0.96mg／L respectively. Based on the above results, we fixed the optimal feeding time for white spotted char at 9:00, 12:00 and 18:00 in the whole day, moreover at 12:00, the feeding amount accounted for 3/5 as the total amount.

  Optimization of ISSR-PCR System in Procambarus clarkii 2010, 26 (21):  432-435.  Abstract + ( 1461 )   PDF ( 754520KB )   ( 899 ) For optimizing ISSR-PCR reaction system of Procambarus clarkii, the single factor experiment included three factors, such as Taq DNA polymerse, dNTPs and Mg2+, to five different concentrations were set to study the effect of these variations in ISSR-PCR amplification in this research. In conclusion the reaction system was optimized as below：1 ?L 10xTaq Buffer, 0．6 mmol/L dNTPs，0.6 U Taq DNA polymerase, 1.8 mmol/L MgCl2, 20 ng DNA，0.8 ?mol／L primer and with total 10 ?L reaction solution．

  New pastoral area construction grassland tourism development and practical significance ——To Xilin Gol League "Shepherd's House" as an example 2010, 26 (21):  436-439.  Abstract + ( 1159 )   PDF ( 538840KB )   ( 846 ) The prairie traveling by its elegant natural scenery and the unique national culture, Becomes the prosperous traveling hot spot. Tourism is Has highly the comprehensive nature and the relatedness industry. In socialist The new pastoral building,The prairie traveling is playing the positive promotion effect, Is the new pastoral area construction important content, Simultaneously has entrusted with the new connotation and the duty. as the grassland tourism with the new pastoral building be combined of an effective carrier, Xilin Gol Grassland "Shepherd's Home" successful practice of, This has made a full interpretation and proof.

  The Impact of Tourism Development on the Local People's Life Quality -A Case Study of Tong'an Wild Ecologic Land 2010, 26 (21):  440-445.  Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 717843KB )   ( 1060 ) As the tourism industry grows rapidly, the contradiction between local society and scenic spot has aroused extensive concern in tourism academic circle. At the same time, tourism scenic spot’s impact on the local society has become the popular issue and the relative research achievements are increasing, which can help alleviate the contradiction. Based on the wild mountain valley resort in Xiamen, this paper respectively analyzes the tourism development’s impact on local life quality in economy, environment and culture. In the end, this paper also gives some suggestions to alleviate the contradiction.

  Study on Current Situation and Countermeasure of Leisure Agriculture in Suburbs of Beijing 2010, 26 (21):  446-448.  Abstract + ( 1248 )   PDF ( 467334KB )   ( 1033 ) Leisure Agriculture plays an extraordinary role in the new rural construction，and is a key industries of modern agriculture in suburbs of Beijing. This paper analyses the problems of Leisure Agriculture development in suburbs of Beijing, from the owner’s or manager’s cognition, investment capabilities, policy restrictions and lacking the connotation of culture, attaching countermeasure of leisure agriculture. It takes the point of view that the development of Leisure Agriculture should import capital and human resource, enhancing training owners and employees and excavating the connotation of culture.

  Analysis of the Influential Elements on Farmers’Financing in Underdeveloped Areas ——Taking the Northern Jiangsu Province as on Example 2010, 26 (21):  449-454.  Abstract + ( 1111 )   PDF ( 656687KB )   ( 883 ) Abstract: The article takes northern area of Jiangsu Province as an example and aims to study the farmers’ financing act in the underdevoloped area. This article describes the microscopic financing status among farmers in northern Jiangsu Province through 160 valid questionaries. Meanwhile it analyses the factors which will effect financing act with Tobit and Probit. It draws the conclusion that the above mentioned factors are farmers’ income, age, production expenditure, education expenditure and house construction expenditure.

  Talent demand-supply model for west-east and its dynamical analysis 2010, 26 (21):  455-458.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 769173KB )   ( 974 ) Taking the talent resources structure for China as background, a talent demand-supply model for west-east has been established in this paper. Three equilibrium points of this system are obtained. Then the stability of equilibrium points, bifurcation are analyzed as well,which agree well with the numerical simulations. The results suggest that, the dynamical behaviors of these equilibrium points could be controlled in a suitable scope by modulating the parameters of the system.