Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.20 Published:20 October 2010

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  The study on effect of eliminated the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody on sows’ reproductive performance and pigs’ growth performance 2010, 26 (20):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1693 )   PDF ( 618917KB )   ( 1111 ) To observe and record the change condition on sow’s reproductive efficiency and piglet performance before and after eliminating the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody, serum samples from three scale pig farms were collected and tested with HerdChek CSFV-ELISA kit, then the unqualified（antibody blocking rate＜50%）breeders after booster immunization were eliminated. The result showed that: after eliminating the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody, the average litter number of piglet in three pig farms (ie, A、B 、C) were increased by 0.29 (P <0.05), 0.40 (P<0.01), 0.39 (P<0.01) respectively; the average number of survival piglets were increased by 0.54 (P<0.01), 0.35 (P<0.01), 0.62 (P <0.01) respectively; the average litter number of weaned piglets were increased by 0.65 (P <0.01), 0.71 (P<0.01), 0.81 (P<0.01) respectively. The difference in weight gain of piglet at 30-60 days of age was extremely significant (P<0.01), but inconspicuousness for the swine pregnancy rate、the survival rate of weaned piglet and piglet at 30-60 days of age. The results indicated that eliminating the breeding pigs with unqualified CSFV antibody can significantly improve the performance of breeder and piglets.

  Effects of Ethanol Extract of the Allium on Immune Function in mice 2010, 26 (20):  7-10.  Abstract + ( 1493 )   PDF ( 599828KB )   ( 1117 ) Abstract:(Objective)To investigate the influence of ethanol extract of the allium in mouse-specific and non-specific immunity by DTH method, flow cytometry and HC50 assay , and provide basic evidence for the regulation of the immune status of animals and improvement of the body's defense.(Method) 60 Kunming mice were randomly divided into the cyclophosphamide group (C), cyclophosphamide + alcoholic extract group (C + A), ethanol extract of the allium group (A) and normal saline group (S). Subcutaneous injection of immune suppression caused by cyclophosphamide in mice; C + A group and A group of mice were fed ethanol extract of the allium consecutive 35 days; S group fed with normal saline. A series of tests were carried out such as clinical symptoms, the immune organ index, the cellular and humoral immune function and the non-specific immune function.(Result)The results showed that ethanol extract of the allium enhanced the immune organ index; increased the weight difference of the left and right ear, CD4+/CD8+values, serum antibody and phagocytic activity in immune suppression mice. The ethanol extract of the allium promoted phagocytic activity and NK cell activity in the normal mice. (Conclusion)As a conclusion that the ethanol extract of the allium could significantly regulate the specific immunity and non-specific immunity function in mice.

  Nutritive Changes of Bai Yang Dian Crispus (Potamogeton crispus L.) harvested at different growth stage 2010, 26 (20):  11-14.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 521029KB )   ( 958 ) [Objective]To determine the optimal harvesting time of the Baiyangdian crispus (Potamogeton crispus L.), [Methods]During course of April and June in 2009, feed analyses were employed after the fresh crispus samples were harvested at three fixed regions of Baiyangdian lake in Hebei province once a week, and dried.[Results]The crude protein and ether extract contentsof crispus powders, harvested between April 21 and May 12, were significantly higher than those collected later (P<0.05). Crude ash and calcium contents of crispus samples, harvested between May 19 and June 1, were significantly less than those harvest previously (P<0.05). The coefficients of variations of nutritive contents were ranked calcium > phosphorus > crude protein > ether extract > crude ash > crude fibre > nitrogen free extract.[Conclusion]In general, Baiyangdian crispus are of high nutritive. It should be harvested in the mid-April to mid-May, its feeding value need to be testified with further animal trials later on.

  Rapid Detection of Riemerella anatipestifer infection by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay 2010, 26 (20):  15-17.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 868580KB )   ( 1074 ) According to the ompA gene of Riemerella anatipestifer (RA), a set of specific primers were designed to amplify the special DNA sequences by LAMP. Moreover, the reaction conditions of LAMP were optimized. The results showed that the optimal reaction temperature and reaction time were 65℃ and 80 min, respectively.

  The Efects of Fermentation Bed on The Swine Performance and Pigsty environment of Pigs 2010, 26 (20):  18-20.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 496489KB )   ( 1212 )

  Effects of Fungal Elicitors and Anti-browning Agents on Cell Growth and Camptothecin Biosynthesis with Suspension Cultures of Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne 2010, 26 (20):  21-26.  Abstract + ( 1382 )   PDF ( 612461KB )   ( 1186 ) Abstract: Among the 7 tested fungal elicitors, a fungal elicitor from Rhizopus oryzae extract could achieve highest total camptothecin production with suspension cultures of Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne when the elicitor at 30 mg/L of final concentration was supplemented on the 18th day of growth. Among the 4 tested anti-browning agents, when phytic acid at 2 g/L of final concentration was supplemented with suspension cultures on the 15th day of growth, the highest dry cell weight and total camptothecin production were achieved. When 2 g/L phytic acid was supplemented on the 15th day and 30 mg/L Rhizopus oryzae extract as the fungal elicitor was supplemented afterward on the 18th day into C. acuminata cell suspension cultures, maximum cell dry weight was achieved, reaching 26.9 g/L on day 24, which was 1.2-folds of the untreated cultures (its highest production was achieved on the 20th day). Also, maximum total camptothecin production of double treated cultures was achieved, reaching 34.2 mg/L on day 26, which was 9.0-folds of the untreated cultures (its highest production was achieved on the 20th day).

  Study on Variation Plants Through Petals of Fragaria orientalis Lozinsk. var. concolor (Kitag.) Liou et C. Y. Li and Variety Character of Variation Lines with Steady Properties 2010, 26 (20):  27-32.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   PDF ( 1013221KB )   ( 961 ) Studied petals of Fragaria orientalis Lozinsk. var. concolor (Kitag.) Liou et C. Y. Li which were used as explants and the main factors with different levels through uniform design experiments for callus induction and variation plants from callus. The results showed that the eleven proper culture medium for callus induction, with the induction rates of callus were more than 65.0%, LS+TDZ 2.06 mg?L-1 +2,4-D 0.60 mg?L-1 was the most suitable for callus induction from petals by combinatorial optimization, with which the frequency of callus induction was 98.0%; ten medium were suitable for shoots redifferentiation from callus induced by the medium of LS + TDZ 2.20 mg?L-1 +2,4-D0.40 mg?L-1, 1/2 LS+TDZ 2.30 mg?L-1 + KT 1.38 mg?L-1 was the most suitable for callus redifferentiation by combinatorial optimization, with which the frequency of differentiation was 96.3%, the frequency of variation was 2.77% through field experiments. Screen six variation lines through 5-year field experiments form shoots which were produced from ten medium with various hormones with concentration ratio and one medium by optimization. It shows that the petals of Fragaria orientalis Lozinsk. var. concolor (Kitag.) Liou et C. Y. Li was possible to induct variation plants under suitable hormones with concentration ratio conditions, and tend to variation with steady properties.

  Influence Factors of the SRAP-PCR Reaction System on Grape 5BB 2010, 26 (20):  33-37.  Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 967691KB )   ( 1011 ) To established a SRAP-PCR reaction system for the grape 5BB. In this paper, the orthogonal design was used to optimize SRAP-PCR amplification system on grape on four levels of five factors (Taq DNA polymerase, Mg2+, DNA template, dNTPs, and primer, respectively). The results showed the order of each factor in different levels affected on the result of PCR was Mg2 + , primer, dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase and DNA template. A most suitable SRAP-PCR system for grape 5BB was established that was total 20 μL reaction system containing 2 UTaq DNA polymerase, 2.0 mmol/L Mg2+, 60 ng DNA template, 0.25 mmol/L dNTPs, and 0.10 μmol/L primer. This optimized system for SRAP marker would become one of the protocols for further research on grape.

  GENETIC ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR LOCALIZATION OF THE FRUIT DIAMETER IN CUCUMBER 2010, 26 (20):  38-42.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 1283302KB )   ( 1219 ) In this study, selected big fruit diameter of D07171 and D0899, small fruit diameter D0435-3-1 and D0438-3, in accordance with the method of complete diallel crosses have been the preparation of 6 combinations to Analyze the Genetic model of fruit diameter. The combination of D0435-3-1×D07171 was selected as the largest different combination to get the F2 generation for test of normality, using SSR molecular marker technology to build genetic linkage map. Cucumber fruit diameter of many genes are controlled by the quantity of genetic. Cucumber fruit diameter in line with the additive-dominance (AD) genetic model for the additive effect of the main, dominant effect is less than additive effect. The broad-sense heritability and narrow sense heritability of the cucumber fruit diameter are both high, 60.64% and 57.26% respectively. In this study, 116 pairs of SSR primers in the DNA of two parents and between the pool filter, detected with a cucumber fruit diameter a QTL related sites, located in the genetic map of linkage group CSWCT25-CSWCT29-CSWTA03, and CSWTA03 closer distance for the 1.98 cM , the corresponding LOD value of 3.22, 7.19% explain the genetic variation.

  Effect of Glycine max 2-methyl- 6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinol Methyltransferase (GmVTE3) on VitaminE Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis 2010, 26 (20):  43-46.  Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 685856KB )   ( 1189 ) Abstract: MPBQ-MT (2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase，VTE3) , one of key enzymes in vitamin E pathway, catalyses 2-methyl -6- phytyl-1,4- benzoquinone (MPBQ) to synthesis 2,3-dimethyl-6 -phytyl-1,4- benzoquinone (DMPBQ) by adding a methyl.. Soybean VTE3 (GmVTE3) gene was inserted into the plant expression vector and transfered into Arabidopsis thaliana. The Vitamin E contents from transgenic Arabidopsis seeds and leaves were analyzed using HPLC. The results showed that the ratio of γ-tocopherol / δ-tocopherol increased by 1.7 times in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds than the wild-type and the δ-tocopherol was undetectable in leaves, demonstrating GmVTE3 gene effectively transferred the δ-tocopherol into γ-tocopherol in the leaves and seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis.

  DNA Fingerprinting Analysis of Varieties in Cucumis melo ssp. melo 2010, 26 (20):  47-51.  Abstract + ( 1529 )   PDF ( 793065KB )   ( 1298 ) Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to construct DNA fingerprinting among 21 accessions of Cucumis melo ssp. Melo, which could provide a possibility of establishment of DUS and accession identification of Cucumis melo ssp. Melo. 23 polymorphic SSR primers were screened from 700 primers, they generated 63 polymorphic bands with 2.74 alleles per primer, the polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.52 to 0.69, with an average of 0.61. The SSR fingerprint maps of 21 varieties were established according to the SSR characteristic bands identified by six primers combinations (CMGAN12,MU7161,F22_85,F21_16,ECM79 and MU5499), it will provide reliable scientific evidence for the protection of intellectual property right for these cultivars.

  The Selection of Lily Cultivars Suitable for Being Transformed Blue Genesby Using the Grey Correlation Analysis 2010, 26 (20):  52-56.  Abstract + ( 1162 )   PDF ( 614484KB )   ( 1050 ) Anthocyanidins, flavonols and vacuole pH contained in different lily cultivars were analyzed to determine the suitable ones into which blue genes will be transformed. Ten pink to mauve lily cultivars were screened initially by visual observation. High performance liquid chromatography was employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyaindins and flavonols , and the vacuole pH was measured. The grey correlation analysis was used for lily cultivars’ comprehensive evaluation. Only cyanidin is detected as anthocyanidins, and kaempferol and quercetin as flavonols. The delphinidin, pelargonidin and myricetin are absent. Lilium tenuifolium oriental x tumpet ‘Robina’ and Lilium tenuifolium oriental ‘Bernini’ are selected for their higher vacuolar pH, higher flavonol content and lower cyanidin content.

  RAPD Analysis of Cultivation Strains of Wolfiporia cocos 2010, 26 (20):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 1280 )   PDF ( 1342446KB )   ( 1075 ) In this paper, the genetic diversity of 14 cultivation strains of Wolfiporia cocos were analyzed by using the molecular labeling technique of RAPD to study their genetic relationship. 9 RAPD random primers were used in the amplification and 4 of them produced 21 relative obvious DNA bands. The strains were clustered base on the 21 DNA bands and a dendrogram of 14 W.cocos cultivation strains was obtained. The results showed that 14 W.cocos strains could be divided into 2 groups at the similarity coefficient of 53% ;while at the similarity coefficient of 93%, the strains were divided into 13 groups.

  Cloning of Capsaicin Synthase and its Expression Research for Huangdenglong Pepper 2010, 26 (20):  61-64.  Abstract + ( 1163 )   PDF ( 851146KB )   ( 1165 ) Capsaicin is most important quality trait in the fruits of pepper and has been widely applied to food, medicine and industry. Capsaicin synthase(CS) is recognized as a key enzyme regulating the process of capsaicin. Basing on the sequences of capsacin synthase gene csy1 known at Genbank, in this article the primers were designed to clone a fragment csy-h from Huangdenglong pepper by RT-PCR. Analysis of sequences showed that csy-h had shared the 98% homologous to csy1 gene known at Genbank, 100% homologous at protein sequences each other. Expression identified that csy-h expressed at placenta tissue of pepper fruits with increasly firstly, then decreased. Reseach on activity of CS and content of capsaicin indicated that CS activity at placenta and content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin decreased after increased respectly, with the peak of 35 days after flowering at the former and 42 days after flowering in the latter. Above results showed that the level of csy1 expression determined the activity of CS which dedicated the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin.

  Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Surface Humid Index in Fujian Province 2010, 26 (20):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 910603KB )   ( 1124 ) Based on 66 meteorological stations＇data of monthly average temperature, precipitation, wind speed, pressure and relative humidity in Fujian Province from 1971 to 2004, it calculated potential evapotranspiration and humid index, analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of humid index and their causes of variation. The results showed that in the past 34 years, the humid index in Fujian Province was highest (2.73) in the period of 1991 to 2000 and the lowest (2.22) in the period of 1981 to 1990, which with a slight increase as a whole. The spatial distribution trend of humid index value was increasing from southeast to northwest. The change of the humid index was mainly influenced by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Sunshine duration and relative humidity which had great influence on potential evapotranspiration were all correlated with the humid index significantly. This study provided important scientific basis for the future of surface humid status in Fujian Province by researching on the evolvement law of surface humid status and the regional characteristics.

  The Summarize about Recent Research Process on Fern Endophyte 2010, 26 (20):  70-72.  Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 505191KB )   ( 1249 ) Plant endophyte is a new microorganism source with potential application in agriculture,medicine and food industry，but the documents about fern endophyte were limit.Recent advances on the biodiversity, active constituent and functional metabolites of fern endophytic were summarized with some speculative comments for the prospects and problem about plant endophyte as a new source of natural medicines.

  Study on the factors that related to enzymatic browning from the Castanea mollissima Blume Kernel 2010, 26 (20):  73-79.  Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 1193148KB )   ( 1196 ) Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenols caused chestnut browning in chestnut fruits were extracted and studied. The best phenols extraction process was determined by single factor experiments and the extracts was purified by polyamide column. The extracts obtained after purification was identified by spectral scanning and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were extracted and their characteristics were researched. Results: The best phenols extraction process is using 60% acetone solution as solvent, extracting with ultrasonic and the temperature is 4℃. Two components were founded after purification and identification by spectral scanning and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. They were preliminary studied as flavan-3-ol. The characteristic of the two enzymes was that the optimal temperature of PPO is 25 ~ 30℃ and the optimum pH was 5.0~6.0.The optimal temperature of POD is 30℃ and the optimum pH was 4.0~5.0.

  Survey and Cognitive Situation on Consumers of Genetically Modified Food 2010, 26 (20):  80-85.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 623986KB )   ( 1903 ) With the development of biotechnology, genetically modified foods are widely going into our life. To understand better the consumer’s cognitive views of genetically modified (GM) food labelling will provide the advancing helps for the GM food markets. In order to know the consumer’s purchase intention about the GM food, a survey was carried out in several supermarkets in Shijiazhuang, the results showed that there still had some confuse on the GM food identification. Only 15.7% related corn, soybean, tomato and potato food products were given the GM description, 11.4% was labeled non transgenic food, and more than 70% was not provided any transgenic information. Moreover, 67.9% respondents would like to know some information about transgenic products. This result will provide some helps for the GM food development in the market. Furthermore, some considering of informed choice on GM food for consumers was discussed.

  Research on Fermentation Technology of Hami Melon Vinegar 2010, 26 (20):  86-89.  Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 737644KB )   ( 1059 ) This paper has studied on the technology of Hami melon vinegar fermentation. The results showed that the optimum conditions of alcohol fermentation are：temperature at 30℃, sugar concentration 10%, inoculum 10%, the fermentation period for 120h；the optimum conditions of acetic acid fermentation are：temperature at 30 ℃， pH value of 4.5, inoculum 10%，the fermentation period for 16d.

  Study on Fermentation Techniques of Pomegranate Fruit Wine and Isolation and identification of yeasts from Pomegranate 2010, 26 (20):  90-93.  Abstract + ( 1205 )   PDF ( 1061697KB )   ( 1108 ) Objective: To obtain a Pomegranate fermented juice of good bacteria and study the Fermentation Techniques. Methods: From naturally fermented mash to isolate pomegranate wine, pomegranate wine yeast species purified; by Single factor and orthogonal tests, Pomegranate wine is fermented to determine the process parameters. Results: Purification of the strains Were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; The optimum fermentation techniques were determined as follow: Temperature at 28 ℃ ,pH value adjuste 3.8 , and sugar content to 17,SO2 its adding 100mg / L and the final alcohol degree Was about 10％vo1. Conclusion: Pomegranate wine was fermented for bacteria , The optimum fermentation techniques were determined.

  Analysis of organic acids in fruit vinegar 2010, 26 (20):  94-97.  Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 662343KB )   ( 1339 ) The nutritive compositions of fruit vinegars ( seabuckthorn vinegar, persimmon vinegar and apple vinegar) were studied in this paper, by comparing with mature vinegar. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the organic acid. fruit vinegar had much organic acid, and seabuckthorn vinegar had the most（total 46）, persimmon vinegar contain 25, apple vinegar contain 32, mature vinegar contain 35. fruit vinegars contains some special organic acids, and had much healthy function.

  Study on extraction technique of chlorogenic acid from artichoke leaves 2010, 26 (20):  98-101.  Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 622175KB )   ( 1076 ) Objective: To study the appropriate extraction method of chlorogenic acid from fresh and dry leaves of artichoke. Methods: Using different concentration of hydrochloric acid, ethanol, microwave treatment and heat-treatment to extract chlorogenic acid from fresh leaves; different concentration of hydrochloric acid, ethanol were used to extract chlorogenic acid from dry leaves. The extraction rate was compared with those different extraction methods. Results: Extracted with 0.1M HCl and extracted with water after blanching leaves for 90 seconds showed highest extract efficient for fresh leaves. While 70%ethanol as the solvent showed high extraction rate for dry leaves of artichoke. Conclusion: It is practicable to adopt the appropriate chlorogenic acid extraction methods from fresh and dry leaves of artichoke.

  Ultrasonic extraction polysaccharide from Oloong tea and its hpyerglycemic activity 2010, 26 (20):  102-105.  Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 682685KB )   ( 1012 ) Abstrct The ultrosonic extraction method was used to study the extraction technique of the polysaccharide from Oolong tea and its hpyerglycemic activity. A single-factor experiment with L9（34）orthogonal test was carried out to analyse the influence of solid-liquid ratio, ultrosonic time, ultrosonic power and ultrosonic temperature on the hpyerglycemic activity of tea polysaccharides. The results showed that the four factors had significant effects on the hpyerglycemic activity of tea polyccharides. the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: solid-liquid ratio 1∶40, ultrosonic power 160 W, ultrosonic time 40min and ultrosonic temperature 65℃. Under these conditions, the hpyerglycemic activity of tea polyccharides was up to 26.18%.

  Impacts of long-term ridge culture on humus substances properties in paddy soil 2010, 26 (20):  106-112.  Abstract + ( 1029 )   PDF ( 631835KB )   ( 1071 ) A 17 years experiment, including conservation tillage such as ridge culture (rice-wheat/rapeseed), wide ridge culture (rice-wheat/rapeseed), and paddy-upland rotation (rice-wheat/rapeseed) and conventional tillage (rice-fallow) (CK), was conducted on purple paddy soil in Sichuan basin to investigate the influence of ridge culture on the changes of soil humus substances (HS) and its optic properties．The results showed that significant differences of HS contents and optic properties were discovered under ridge (wide ridge) tillage. The extracted organic carbon (OC) contents under ridge and wide ridge culture were remarkably higher than that under CK. The percentage of their increase in the layer of 20-40 cm was higher than that at the depth of 0-20 cm. The proportion of OC in humic acids (HA) accounted for 38%-65% and 12%-29% compared with extracted OC and SOC contents, respectively. While that of fulvic acids (FA) was 12%-25% as compared to SOC. The OC contents in HA and FA under ridge and wide ridge culture after 17 years increased and were significant higher than that in CK at the same time. E4/E6 ratios of HA were in the range of the 4.65-5.89 and significant differences between ridge (wide ridge) and other treatments were observed. The ⊿㏒K of HA and FA extracted with NaOH+Na4P2O7 (a) agent were lower than that with NaOH (b) agent. HA extracted with (a) and (b) agent were Rp and B type humic acid, respectively. The RF of FA was lower than that of HA, which indicated that the oxidation and aromatic components of HA in purple paddy soil were enforced comparing with FA.

  Effect of Water Stress on Drought-Resistance of Root in Yannong 21 2010, 26 (20):  113-118.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 798938KB )   ( 1075 ) The experiment was conducted in pots to study the effects of different drought stress on drought-resistance index of winter wheat root. The results showed that drought stress led to root dry weight, shoot dry weight, secondary root number. yannong 21 is better than lumai 21 in morphology characters on drought resistance. There was significant differences in enzyme activity of Yannong 21 root in different stages: jointing stage>flaging stage>anthesis stage>maturity stage, and drought stress decreased enzyme activity. The souble sugar content in root of Yannong 21 increased by 32.8%. 65.6% under moderate and serious water stress. And the proline content increased by 327% and 514%. The activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidases and malonyl dialdehyde content increased under moderate and serious water stress. And there was different significant in the activity of SOD and POD in different stages: anthesis stage>flaging stage>jointing stage>maturity stage and drought resistance of Yannong 21 was higher than that of Lumai 21.

  Study on Growth and Development Characteristics of Different Breeding Types of Achyranthes bidentata 2010, 26 (20):  118-121.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   PDF ( 616404KB )   ( 1187 ) In order to standardize seeds and seedlings of Achyranthes bidentata, the total biomass, root-shoot ratios and the biomass assignments of different parts of different breeding types of A. bidentata were studied in this article. The results showed that the total biomass accumulations of different breeding types of A. bidentata presented the “S” curves, which abided by the principle: slow-fast-slow and the highest stage of which were early November. The total biomass and the biomass assignments of vegetative organs of different breeding types of A. bidentata were all Qiuzi?Qiumantaizi?Mantaizi, and the reproduction allocations were Mantaizi?Qiumantaizi?Qiuzi. The results further confirmed that reproduction with Qiuzi was better in the productions of A. bidentata.

  Bayesian Statistics in Genetics 2010, 26 (20):  122-124.  Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 444656KB )   ( 1252 ) Statistical analyses have been used in many fields of genetic research. But in the utility of a Bayesian statistics for complex problems, geneticists are finding this framework useful and are increasingly utilizing the power of this approach. In this paper, we discuss the classical and Bayesian approaches, the utility of a Bayesian statistics in genetics, and the advantages of Bayesian approaches.

  Discussion on the construction of protective belt-shaped ecology green space in small cities 2010, 26 (20):  125-130.  Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 2959688KB )   ( 1024 ) Green buffer with protective and recreational functions by its special form and the larger service radius is become many small city landscape corridor and recreational space. In this paper, according to the general plans, land use, surrounding environment of Jishan County of Shanxi Province, complete the west of the city ecological park master plan, created a protective, leisure, integrated landscape and culture in western green landscape corridor, Build cities and natural co-prosperity coexistence of ecological green

  Growth Modeling of Natural Oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) Based on Artificial Neural Network 2010, 26 (20):  131-135.  Abstract + ( 1285 )   PDF ( 660246KB )   ( 1239 ) Taking natural oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) from Boshan forest farm as research subject, a growth model of natural oak was created with artificial neural network modeling technology, which has an important application for improving informatization management of the forest resources. With the data of 20 oak analytic trees as training samples, the built model was trained and analyzed. The results showed that: The best network structure was 1:2:3 and the total fitting accuracy of the model was 98.37%; Concretely, the age gradation accuracy was 93.18% to 99.29% and the mean value was 96.52 %; The mean accuracy of breast height diameter, height and volume was 97.17%, 99.30%, 92.30% respectively. In a word, the built model would satisfy the accuracy requirement for investigating and forecasting the forest resources in forestry, and it was a single-input and multiple-output neural network model, the network structure of which was simple and intuitive, mathematical expression of which was short-cut, and it would be easy to use.

  The Research on Selecting Single-plant of Camellia oleifera with High Yield and High Quality 2010, 26 (20):  136-140.  Abstract + ( 1307 )   PDF ( 603692KB )   ( 1208 ) Abstract: According to any criteria, for the purpose of high yield and high quality, single plant of Camellia oleifera were selected in Pingli and Qihong etc of Qimen county. With continuous selection and analysis on characters of yield and quality from 2007 to 2009, the results showed: the average fresh fruit yield of the single plants 42#, 51# and 55# which were selected in 2007 and 2008 for two consecutive years, respectively were 1.87 kg/m2、1.10 kg/m2、2.25 kg/m2. Translated to the average oil yield, they respectively were 0.14 kg/m2、0.09 kg/m2、0.15 kg/m2 and their quality were better. The oil rate of dried seed-kernel of the single plant 62# selected in 2009 reached to 60.11% and its oil rate of fresh fruit was 11.76%. Its showed a high yield identity. The single plants 42#, 51# and 55# were final selection. The single plants 56#, 61# and 62# were to be selected.

  Study on the Water Holding Capacity of two typical Litter Layers of Mount Sejila 2010, 26 (20):  141-145.  Abstract + ( 1177 )   PDF ( 664304KB )   ( 1036 ) Based on the Water Holding Capacity of two typical Litter Layers of Mount Sejila,the results show that:The litter reserves of different levels、the maximum water holding capacity and effectively hold water rate of Pinus densata are more than Arrow bamboo;the maximum water holding rate of different levels forest litter between two typical forest stand are significant，the Maximum Water Holding Capacity of undecomposed Litter layer of Pinus densata is 106.54%，and the Maximum Water Holding Capacity of semi-decomposed Litter layer is 156.93%；the Maximum Water Holding Capacity of semi-decomposed Litter layer of Arrow bamboo is 89.08%，and the Capacity of undecomposed Litter layer is 232.22%，it is 2.6 times of the semi-decomposed layer。During the testing cycle，the sorptive rate and soaking time of Litter are obvious function P = a (t), P = a ? eb (t)，the Water holding capacity and soaking time of Litter are obvious function：Q=aln(t) ＋b.

  Genetic Polymorphism Analysis of Bud Mutation in Acer Truncatum Bunge 2010, 26 (20):  146-149.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   PDF ( 601060KB )   ( 1161 ) It was carried out to observe variety characteristics of autumn leaves color and anthocyanin content in leaves that belong to physiological activated material. And then genetic analysis based on AFLP was completed. The result is that the genetic distance between the variety bud and the pistil late plant is rather close. But the variety is also clear. In it the amount polyphonic zone is 4.45% of total expand zones that is change between the mutation bud and the pistil late plant is rather clear on gene level. About that has been proved by observe result of Acer truncatum Bunge. Variety characteristic of mutation bud are given below: the color time of the autumn leaves have being moved up and percent of the autumn leaves color and feminine charms of color have being improved.

  Effects of 60Co –γ rays Irradiation on Mold Inhibition and Dimension Stability of Moso Bamboo 2010, 26 (20):  150-153.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 562258KB )   ( 941 ) Abstract：Effects of 60Co-γ rays irradiation with various doses {0kGy（CK）、0.2kGy、0.3kGy、0.5kGy、1kGy、3kGy、5kGy，10kGy，100kGy，200kGy}on mold inhibition of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubecens) were determined.The experiments showed that（1）： the bamboo treated with 3kGy 60Co-γ rays irradiation then brush tung oil had better mold inhibition, It’s prevention efficiency were 60.16%；（2）：Different doses irradiation exhibited no significant difference on density and volume shrinkage ratio compared with the control.

  Study on Agronomical Traits of Tibetan Brassica juncea L. Using Canonical Correlation Analysis 2010, 26 (20):  154-160.  Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 665307KB )   ( 926 ) In this paper, 60 Tibetan Brassica juncea L. accessions as samples, 4 groups of agronomical traits (18 variables) including yield trait (5 variables), main stem traits (6 variables), branching trait (3 variables) and pod trait (4 variables) of Tibetan Brassica juncea L. were studied using canonical correlation analysis on. The results indicated that: (1) individual yield of Tibetan Brassica juncea L. was mainly dependent on number of pods and grain weight of each individual. Number of seeds in each pod had very small impact on individual yield; (2) pod trait was the most important trait effecting on yield of Tibetan Brassica juncea L. followed by branching trait and main stem trait successively; (3) there were strong interconnections between yield, main stem, branching and pod traits of Tibetan Brassica juncea L..

  Studies on the Characteristics of Biological and Genetics of Semi-wheat 2010, 26 (20):  161-165.  Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 2076711KB )   ( 1128 ) Abstract: Experiment was conducted to study on the characteristics of biological and genetics of semi-wheat. The gliadin composition of common wheat and sime-wheat was analyzed by A-PAGE.The results showed that the plant height of the semi-wheat was taller than cultivated winter wheat cultivars, the stalk diameter was slender, the numbers of tiller was more,earbearing tiller percentage was higher. The numbers of seeds per ear were nearly 30~35. 1000-seeds weight of semi-wheat were nearly 20~30g. Seeds dormancy was more time than winter wheat. Semi-wheat was self-pollinating species.It can product seeds that sime-wheat had been crossed with varieties of wheat.The number of chromosomes of sime-wheat was 42.The sime-wheat belong to wheat species.

  Analysis of the Performance and Stability of Yield, and Exploitable Prospects of Wheat Cultivar Yumai 12 2010, 26 (20):  166-170.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 576211KB )   ( 946 ) Yumai 12 was the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences in February 2010 crop variety approval by Chongqing new varieties of wheat. The wheat varieties used in Henan Wan-resistant material 42 as the female parent, Since the middle of materials 97-3 as the male sterile hybrid combinations from breeding. Acording to the materials of wheat region of Chongqing test in the two years (2007-2008). Experimental control and regional varieties by comparing the analysis methods, the variety stability and adaptability analysis using C.S.Lin and Shukla. The results showed that: Yumai 12 was a high and steady yield, wide adaptability, good agronomic traits and quality analysis be closed to the standard of wheat mid gluten apart from Wet gluten (GB/T17892-1999), suitable for processing noodles, steamed bread, dumplings to Industrialization. Yumai 12 was a High-yield, stable yield, wide adaptability of new varieties of wheat, It can be widely planted and good prospect in Chongqing City.

  Study on rice quality of order-form raw grain producted in Zhejiang 2010, 26 (20):  171-174.  Abstract + ( 1313 )   PDF ( 524197KB )   ( 1035 ) The difference of rice quality of order-form raw grain producted in Zhejiang Province among paddy farmers was analysed in two selecting rice industry companies from Jiaxing Zhejiang. The results showed that the raw rice grain from many different varieties in two companies producted by a large-number of small-scale paddy farmers. The difference of rice appearance quality (included of chalky grain rate and chalkiness) ranked highest among different order-form raw rice grains from daddy farmers, fatty acid and fat content ranked second, amylose content, protein content and head milled rice rate ranked third, and other quality index was comparatively smalled. The reason was from the difference cultivation measures among paddy farmers. The results indicate the possibility to improve fresh and storage rice quality and their stability by use of similar management in paddy and standardization in rice order-form production.

  Anthurium callus regeneration system and review of chromosome changes 2010, 26 (20):  175-180.  Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 2093891KB )   ( 1136 ) The rapid and efficient regeneration system was build by using Anthurium andraeanum young leaf and petiole as explants. The results indicated that the culture media which contains different components has different induction effect to different plants tissue, like leaf, petiole and adventitious bud. Further, we discovered that the most suitable leaf and petiole callus induction media were 1/2MS +1.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1/2MS +1.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, the media containing 1/2MS +2.0 mg/L KT +0.1 mg/L NAA was well to induce adventitious buds , the media containing 1/2MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA was easy to regenerate and rejuvenation for ,and the media containing 1/2MS+0.05 mg/L NAA was easy to regenerate root for seedlings.We also found that the aneuploid chromosome variation frequency of Anthurium andraeanum callus was increased as generation times during Anthurium andraeanum callus subculture.

  Research Overview on Allelopathic Mechanism of Single Allelochemicals 2010, 26 (20):  182-186.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 569815KB )   ( 1226 ) Abstract : The research of allelopathy have developed from describing phenomenon to expounding mechanism. In the research of mechanism, it is a main approach that utilizes the single allelochemicals as a donor. This paper summarizes the mechanisms of allelopathy of some single allelochemicals, such as phenols, terpenoids and alkaloids. Influence of these allelochemicals on receiver plants refer to inhibition of activityof key enzymes in seed germination and substance metabolism, decrease of photosynthetic rate, damage of cell ultrastructure and the membrane system. We suggest potential future directions in the research of mechanisms of allelopathy is to reveal the physiological processes of allelochemicals action and find out the regularity between the allelochemicals structure and its action target system.

  Effects of organic materials on growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. and its micro-ecological environment under replant 2010, 26 (20):  187-192.  Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 777800KB )   ( 1087 ) An apple rootstock, Malus hupehensis Rehd. was chosen as the experimental materials，potted with replant soil. Effects of organic materials including chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure on seedling biomass, soil enzyme activities and the number of soil microorganisms were investigated. The results showed that application of organic materials significantly increased the activities of soil enzyme. And compared with the control group, the activities of soil urease, catalase, and invertase with treatments ascended in varying degrees. Three treatments markedly increased the amounts of bacteria and actinomycetes but decreased the amount of fungi in soil. All treatments were significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter close to ground, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root, fresh weight above ground, and dry weight above ground. Of them, chicken manure treatment increased most, and was 213.91%, 80.00%, 332.40%, 325.78%, 487.40% and 480.95% larger than control, respectively. All results showed that application of three organic materials could alleviate replant diseases in different degrees.

  Preliminary Study on Diversity of Silicate Bacteria from Saline-Alkali Soil 2010, 26 (20):  193-199.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 957301KB )   ( 1202 ) To provide the basis for the phylogeny of the silicate bacterial strains isolated from the north of China, 48 silicate bacteria obtained together with 3 reference strains were investigated for their morphological characteristics and physiological and biochemical properties. In addition, 43 of the 48 strains were characterized using 16S rDNA-RFLP. The phenotypic and genetic diversity were analyzed by UPMGA (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages). The results were as follows: ①The physiological and biochemical results showed that the NaCl tolerance of the silicate bacteria strains was strong, and the optimum pH value and the maximum tolerated pH of these tested strains were higher than those of the reference strains and those reported in the literature. ②The UPMGA results of phenotypic characteristics demonstrated that 48 tested strains could be divided into 4 groups at 80% similarity and groupⅠcould be divided into 3 sub-groups at 84% similarity. ③The results based on the dendrogram generated by 16S rDNA-PCR-RFLP analysis of 43 tested strains indicated that 8 genetic groups were formed at similarity of 87%. ④The phenotypic and genetic characteristics analysis suggested that most of the silicate strains from different regions and different saline-alkali soils was B. mucilaginosus, and the proportion of B. Mucilaginosus in the 2 analysis methods was 81.25% and 65% respectively. All this revealed the phenotypic and genetic phylogenetic differentiations among the tested silicate bacteria from the saline-alkali soil in the north of China. Also it showed the attribution of the tested bacteria strains in the clustering pattern was closely related to the habitats of saline-alkali soil.

  Effects of organic Manure on Mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of Spring Maize Ear Leaf 2010, 26 (20):  200-205.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 16909902KB )   ( 771 ) By pot experiment, the changes of mesophyll cell ultrastructure of ear leaf were studied to explore the influence mechanism of organic manure on spring maize early senescence. The observations indicated that without organic manure, the inside and outside membrane structure of mesophyll cell became fuzzy, the chloroplast expanded and moved to cell center, the membrane of chloroplast became disintegrated, the disintegration of stroma and grana lamellae became severe, the double-membrane and inside structure of mitochondrial were unobvious and fuzzy, and the inside ridge degraded absolutely. With increasing of organic manure, the cell wall became thick, the shape of chloroplast became regular and moved to cell edge, the garland-type structure of mesophyll cell appeared,the double-membrane structure of mitochondrial became obvious, the number of inside ridge increased, the lamellae structure became integrated and close, the stroma and grana lamellae became visible and the stroma lamellae arranged regularly along long axis of chloroplast.At rate of 26.7 g/kg, the chloroplast with spindle or oval shape clinged on cell wall, the structure of cell wall and mitochondrial was integrated without appearance of loose phenomenon, the double-membrane structure of mitochondrial was visible, the inside ridge was also visible with much number and the lamellae structure was evidently better than that of other treaments. From the above observations it is concluded that organic manure application could protect cell structure from damage, and the effect was much better with increasing rate, which could prevent spring maize from early senescence.

  Effect of Different Soil Conditioners on the Quality of Cut Chrysanthemum and Soil Properties 2010, 26 (20):  206-211.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 765914KB )   ( 1069 ) The physical and chemical properties of soil which plant the cut Chrysanthemum are changing as the year past, causing plant diseases and insect pests more seriously, so affected the production number and quality of cut Chrysanthemum. This study aims at cut Chrysanthemum continuous cultivation through conducting greenhouse pot experiment, by taking soils which cultivated cut Chrysanthemum continuously for 6 years and behaved a serious obstacle as potting soil, investigating the effects of the production number and quality of cut Chrysanthemum after facility into 6 different soil amendments to which zeolite, bamboo vinegar, Pelargonium and seaweed powder were in proportion. The results showed that: after applying soil conditioners, soil bulk density and water suction decreased while soil total porosity, capillary porosity and aeration porosity increased the pH and EC of the soil also decreased. Total nitrogen and phosphorus content, biomass, plant height, chlorophyll content and root activity of cut Chrysanthemum were also increased significantly. Among these six treatments, the optimal substrate ratio is 5% zeolite + Pelargonium (diluted 300 times) treatment. This experiment provided a theoretical basis and practical support for future solution of the soil continuous cultivation problem.

  Study on Balanced fertilization of Wax gourd 2010, 26 (20):  212-216.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   PDF ( 517003KB )   ( 1018 ) To promote balanced fertilization of wax gourd, field experiment was conducted in Hainan area to examine the effects of balanced fertilization with N, P, K, Mg and Zn on wax gourd yields, fruit quality, plant nutrient content and nutrient uptake by plant. The results showed that fruit yield were significantly influenced by N, K and Mg fertilizers, differently, application of P and Zn had no effect on fruit production. Yields decreased by 25.9 %, 18.6 % and 16.7 % with minus N, K or Mg treatment, respectively. Fruit qualities were favored by balanced fertilization. Minus K, P, or Zn treatment reduced soluble sugar. Balanced fertilization also increased nutrient content in plant leaves and stalks, meanwhile improved nutrient uptake by plant, and thus, the N、P2O5、K2O、MgO use efficiency was 21.53 %、8.21 %、35.50% and 20.2 %, respectively, and absorbed nutrient with 1000 kilogram fruit of wax gourd of N、P2O5、K2O、MgO were 1.40 kilogram, 0.51 kilogram, 2.49 kilogram and 0.33 kilogram. The absorption ratio of N, P, K and Mg was 1:0.36:1.78:0.24.

  Study on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Seed-Coating Fertilizer 2010, 26 (20):  217-221.  Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 2291344KB )   ( 931 ) Physical and chemical characteristics of seed-coating fertilizers were studied by means of determining the pH values, coating uniformity rates, coating off rates, nutrient initial-release ratios, nutrient micro-release ratios, nutrient accumulation-release curves of early and late rice seed-coating fertilizers, and observing the membrane structures of seed-coating fertilizers and the surface structures of the coated and uncoated rice seeds by SEM. Results showed that the pH values of early and late seed-coating fertilizers were 5～6, coating uniformity rates＞96%, coating off rates＜6.5%, nutrient initial-release ratios＜14%, nutrient micro-release ratios＜2%, and the nutrient accumulation-release curves were S-shape.These results indicated the physical and chemical properties of seed-coating fertilizers were stable, and the effects of coating and nutrient slow-release were good.

  Diagnosis Nitrogen Nutrition of Different Winter Wheat Cultivars on Dryland in the Northwest China 2010, 26 (20):  222-226.  Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 541432KB )   ( 911 ) A field experiment was used in this research to study the application of different nitrogen in diagnosing the nitrogen nutrition of four different winter wheat cultivars on dryland of Northwest China. In Jointing stage, NO3--N, NH4+-N, NH2--N(amide nitrogen,NH2--N), Pro--N (soluble protein nitrogen, Pro--N) showed obvious differences among the different varieties. The significant correlationships were found between NH4+-N, NH2--N, Pro--N and yield and N rate. In vegetable growth stage, the yield increased with the levels of NH4+-N, NH2--N, Pro--N in the leaves of wheat. The optimum stage for nitrogen diagnosis was in the Jointing stage.The variations of NH4+-N, NH2—N and Pro--N value with the variety of wheat is needed considering during the diagnosis. The correlation coefficients between the NH4+-N, NH2—N and Pro--N value at Jointing stage and the different nitrogen rate and grain of winter wheat was higher than that of other growth stages, indicating that the Jointing stage is a suitable stage for diagnosing the nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat.

  The Research on the Soil-Fertilizer-Watering Integrate Technical Indenies of Double-Cropping System Super-High-yield Field 2010, 26 (20):  227-230.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   PDF ( 608920KB )   ( 1046 ) Abstract: Water-saving high-yield cultivation and balance fertilization decision technology was used in order to utilize water, fertilizer and land resource economically. In three years high-yield experimentation, grain yield was upper 1400 kg/667m2, water production efficiency was also higher than 2 kg/m3 and nutrient supplied practically by soil and fertilizer production efficiency was more than 7 kg/kg at the same time. When grain yield was 1524.75 kg/667m2, the total nutrient production efficiency was up to8.07 kg/kg, high yield grew in step with high efficiency.

  Study on the Effect of Different Fertilizer Application Style on Yield and Economic Benefit of Hot Pepper 2010, 26 (20):  234-237.  Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 547500KB )   ( 1057 ) In order to determine the optimum fertilizer application style. The experiment was designed according to orthogonal test with L9(34). The three selected factor were total fertilization amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen phosphorus and potassium combination, application of organic manure, application rate in every period. According to all indexes determination of growth traits and economic characters, study of yield in all treatments and accounting economic benefit. The results showed that the optimum fertilizer application style combination total fertilization amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium was 900 kg/hm2, which 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen, 225 kg/hm2 phosphorus, 375 kg/hm2 potassium, application of organic manure was 15000 kg/hm2, under the combination, the yield reached 35335.60 kg/hm2, the output value reached 49906.96-61214.35 yuan/hm2.

  Study on blooming date regulation of Ixora 2010, 26 (20):  245-249.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   PDF ( 670116KB )   ( 1039 ) [Objective]The effect of spraged with different concentrations of GA,6-BA,NAA and PP333 on the growth and flowering in the Ixora chinensis were studied.The objective of the study is to provide the theoretic basis for the regulation of flowing.[Result]GA and PP333 could delay the flowering date to different degree,but NAA and 6-BA could early the flowering date and improve the ornamental quality of the Ixora. GA could promote the growth of new branches, PP333 has a obvious dwarfing effect to Ixora and NAA can increase the chlorophyll content of Ixora.[conclusion]300 mg/l GA and 400 mg/l 6-BA had better comprehensive effects on improving plant type of Ixora and increasing the quality of the cutting flower.

  Rose Breeding and Tissue Culture Research 2010, 26 (20):  250-254.  Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 551929KB )   ( 1923 ) Abstract: This paper summarizes the Rose Research and development trends in China and abroad, as well as the rose essential technical operations of tissue culture. It elaborates the axillary buds germination, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis in three ways of Rose tissue culture system and establishment, and discusses the problems and recommendations the Rose tissue culture in the process.

  The Study on Effecting of the Fruit Quality on Red Pear 32 2010, 26 (20):  255-258.  Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 525608KB )   ( 970 ) In this study, The main research the best way of thinning blossom and remain fruit in the production process on red pear 32.The experiment, with the material of red pear ( variety No. 32) ,has been done by doing experiments on techniques of fruits sequencing and blossom and fruits thinning in the period of flowering, fruit and fruit maturation. The results show that:the Average fruit weight, Transverse Diameter and fruit rusty area significant differences between fruit bits 1-6 that leave only a flower in every inflorescence and fruit bits 1-6 that leave all flowers in every inflorescence, Fruit shape correct and no physiological fruit drop in the fruit bits 2,3 and 4, Meanwhile, retain fruit bits 2,3 and 4 ，with 2 fruits in every fruit bits in a squid has highest in per fruit weight (284.45g),there were significant differences from other ways of leave fruits. It is important to guide significantly for reasonable left fruit and increasing weight of the fruits of Pear

  Studies on physiological and biochemical characters of malformed somatic embryoids of Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Bingtang 2010, 26 (20):  259-262.  Abstract + ( 1481 )   PDF ( 1148738KB )   ( 1065 ) Embryogenic callus of Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Bingtang was used as initial explants to explore embryoid induction and multiplication. A majority of embryoids were malformed during the course of the multiplication, such as rosette, vitrification, albino embryoids or embryoids tended to recallus readily. Contents of part of soluble matters and activity of protective enzymes were compared in this study to investigate the factors induced malformed embryoids. The results showed that the soluble sugar and protein in the globular embryoids and embryoids tended to recallus readily were significantly higher than those of others, respectively, and the least contents were in the albino embryoids. For the SOD activity, the globular embryoids＞the rosette embryoids＞embryoids tended to recallus readily＞the vitrified embryoids＞the albino embryoids, whereas The POD activity of the vitrified embryoids was significantly higher than that of the globular embryoids and other types of malformed embryoids.

  Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wild and Cultivated Watermelon Plants 2010, 26 (20):  263-266.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   PDF ( 717814KB )   ( 836 ) Abstract: In order to study the photosynthetic characteristics of wild watermelon, the daily changes of photosynthetic physiology index of cultivated and wild watermelon plants under a clear day and a cloudy day in summer were studied by portable photosynthesis system Li-6400 . The results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn) , transpiration rate (Tr) , stomata conductance (Gs) , and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) of wild watermelon were generally higher than cultivated watermelon at the same clock in clear day, whereas it was lower in cloudy day. Wild watermelon presented slight photosynthesis depression at midday, but cultivated watermelon showed obvious photosynthesis depression at midday. The decrease of net photosynthetic rates of wild watermelon from clear day to cloudy day may be due to both the stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation.

  Comparison on leaf and stem anatomical structures and cold tolerance of five shrub species 2010, 26 (20):  267-270.  Abstract + ( 1282 )   PDF ( 558422KB )   ( 1011 ) Duranta repens cv.Dwart Yellow, Carmona microphylla（Lam.）G.Don, Loropetalum chinense (R. Br.) Oliv, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Justicia gendarussa L.f.were selected on the campus of the Guangxi University to compare the mainly anatomical structure characters and analyzed their ability in cold endurance. The results showed that the thickness of cuticle, lower epidermis cells, palisade tissues and stomatal density of L. chinensis（R.Br）Oliv. were highest among the five shrub species. The thickness of cuticle and epidermis cells of D. repens cv. Dwart Yellow were lowest but it had the biggest ratio of palisade to sponge tissues. The length of stoma of J. gendarussa L. f. was distinguish. Among the stem anatomical characters, the percentage of xylem layer of C. microphylla（Lam.）G.Don, phloem layer of L. chinensis（R.Br） Oliv.var.chinense, cortex layer and pith layer of J. gendarussa L. f. were biggest among five species, respectively. By using fuzzy cluster analysis, the order of five species’ cold tolerance ability in anatomical structures is : L. chinense (R. Br.) Oliv. ＞ C. microphylla (Lam.) G. Don ＞ H. rosa-sinensis L. ＞J. gendarussa L. f.＞D. repens cv. Dwart Yellow

  The reviews of sugar accumulation in Watermelon fruits 2010, 26 (20):  271-274.  Abstract + ( 1274 )   PDF ( 561950KB )   ( 1238 ) The type of sugar accumulation of Watermelon fruit is "intermediate type".Their photosynthetic production are raffinose and stachyose, and by this form to transport.But finally the sugar into the fruit is sucrose yet. Therefore, sucrose is the main form of sugar accumulation and the important factor of fruit quality in many kind of fruit. During the process of sugar accumulation of watermelon fruit, the sucrose invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase are the most important metabolic enzymes. At the same time, fructose and glucose are controlled by these enzymes. So, these enzymes make the three kinds of sugar that sucrose, fructose and glucose become balance at the time of watermelon fruit maturity.

  The Dynamics of N Nutrient of Tomato Fruit in Soilless Cultivation 2010, 26 (20):  275-278.  Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 629003KB )   ( 912 ) The experiment was studied the changes of N nutrient in tomato that was planted in substrates mixed by different ratio, including peat, vermiculite, perlite and sand. The results showed that the N contents of tomato absorbed from the different treatments were obviously discrepancy. From the overall level, the substrate of C treatmeat was conducive to the absorption of tomato, and C treatment was superior to other treatments. In different periods, the N contents were different change trends of tomato leaves and fruit, and the N content in leaves was higher than the fruit. The N content of tomato was decreasing with prolonging growth period.

  Further Study on The Occurrence Regularity of Vitis amurensis Rupr. Downy Mildew and The Resistance of It 2010, 26 (20):  279-282.  Abstract + ( 1055 )   PDF ( 607930KB )   ( 893 ) Downy mildew is the main disease of Vitis amurensis Rupr.We had a further knowledge of downy mildew by many years observation of the downy mildew and the meteorologic conditions of the vineyard.We found that the incubation period of downy mildew was not longer than 24 hours on certain climate conditions,shorter than what people knew before.Meanwhile we found that the abilities of the germ in a certain strain transmited to other strains had marked difference,and so ,we put forward a new idea about how to prevent and cure Vitis amurensis Rupr. downy mildew.

  Detection of Citrus Huanglongbing and 16S rDNA Sequence Analysis in Clausena lansium and Different Citrus arieties from Guangxi 2010, 26 (20):  283-286.  Abstract + ( 1542 )   PDF ( 1089630KB )   ( 999 ) nested-PCR was used to detect citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) in Clausena lansium and 11 citrus varieties. A specific 400 bp band was amplified from plant materials, respectively. The result demonstrated that Clausena lansium and 11 citrus varieties from Guangxi could be infected by HLB. Simultaneously, 16S rDNA of HLB pathogen was amplified and sequenced. Homology analysis and cluster analysis indicated that HLB from Guangxi belonged to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, and was more closed to Xiamen lines from China and two Japanese lines.

  Discussion on the Ecological Restoration Goals of the Yongding River in Beijing Based on Ecosystem Service Functions Analysis 2010, 26 (20):  287-292.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 582173KB )   ( 986 ) Since the 1980s, the ecosystem of Yongding River was seriously degenerated, and the river functions were sharply declined. Based on the major ecosystem service functions analysis of Yongding River, and the theory and principles of ecological restoration, this paper built up the ecological restoration goals which covering the main ecological factors and social needs from water security, ecological security and cultural heritage point of view, and explained the concept and the select basis of goals.

  Study on ecological and economical effects of conservation tillage planting winter wheat in Sandy Area 2010, 26 (20):  293-298.  Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 708493KB )   ( 923 ) Conservation tillage is a new technology for increasing crop yield in arid-sandy areas, which was used to planting winter wheat was essential to increasing local soil productivity. The experiment was conducted using no-tillage, film-mulching and conventional tillage During 2003 to 2007, and soil temperature, soil water content, soil bulk density, crop yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits under different tillage were investigated. The results showed that local place was suitable for planting winter wheat. compared to CT, NT and PM soil temperature improved 0.35℃and 2.27℃,and increased the water content by16.5% and 35.9%. At surface soil 0-20cm layer the soil bulk density decreased by1% in NT before planting and 5% after harvesting. But increased at 20-40cm. PM also increased the soil surface bulk density. Water use efficiency increased by 42.1% and 78.3% in NT and PM, and by20.5% and72.2% for yield. NT reduced the total input, and so it had highest economic benefit. Thus, it is beneficial to implement conservation tillage on winter wheat for avoiding soil surface naked in winter and spring, and improving the local planting configuration.

  Effects of no-tillage and cast-transplanting with milk vetch and straw incorporation on rice yield and soil fertility 2010, 26 (20):  299-303.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 582542KB )   ( 1084 ) 【Objective】This study was aimed to analyze the no-tillage and cast-transplanting with milk vetch and straw incorporation on the changes of rice yield and soil fertility and the findings provide a valuable reference for popularization and application of the technology of no-tillage and cast-transplantation of rice in the south china paddy rice.【Method】A two-year (2007-2008) experiment was conducted in paddy fields under a double rice cropping system to probe effects of no-tillage and cast-transplanting with milk vetch and straw incorporation on soil physical properties, soil nutrient, soil enzymes activity ,soil microbe and rice yield.【Result】The no-tillage treatment of two years decreased rice yield. Application of organic manure increased the effective panicle and spikelet per panicle, and improved the rice yield; As the time of no-tillage prolonged, worsened soil physical properties. Application of organic manure reduced soil density and improved soil porosity; The no-tillage treatment helped nutrient enrichment in the surface soil layer. Application of organic manure increased soil nutrient, particularly conventional tillage; Significant positive correlations were observed of total N with urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity; Soil analysis showed that the no-tillage field was less than the control, plowed field in total amount of three groups of soil microbes. However, in no-tillage field, the amount of soil bacteria increased, while that of soil actinomycosis and fungi reduced. Application of organic manure increased the number of soil microbes. 【Conclusion】Application of organic manure improved the rice yield. At the same time, it reduced soil density and improved soil porosity, and alleviated the soil compaction caused by long-term no-tillage. It also increased soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity and improved the environment for the survival of micro-organisms.

  A Study on Clean Production Mode for GreenAgricultural and Livestock Products mao jian 2010, 26 (20):  304-308.  Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 591538KB )   ( 1027 ) Abstract: Pollution of environment and food has become a serious problem, receiving the world's great attention today. Discrepancy of natural resources and economic development among countries results in various agricultural production modes. However, a worldwide trend has taken its shape in sustainable agricultural development with environmental pollution control and green (organic) food production as the main scope and in the study of the corresponding techniques. China started late in this regard, and the theoretical study and applied techniques are behind the developed countries. According to our country's natural resources conditions and economic and technological status, many agricultural science and technical people are targeting the study on sustainable clean production of green agricultural and livestock products. This is not only very practical and objective, but also quite doable. By analysis of literature and research methodology of combining theories and practices, directed by the production trend in grass planting and animal husbandry in the agricultural areas, this paper attempts to establish the clean production mode for green agricultural and livestock products by using technical measures of food chain structuring, which can achieve the objectives of producing the desired green agricultural and livestock products and causing no pollution to agricultural environment.

  Research on the Effect of Soil Erosion to Sloping Land in the North Hilly Region of Liaoning Province 2010, 26 (20):  309-312.  Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 593716KB )   ( 838 ) The article studied the effect of soil erosion in sloping field at different slop, different rainfall and different cropping pattern. The results showed that there was a relationship between rainfall(x) and soil loss(y),and it followed the function of y=aebx(a﹥0，b﹥0),which showed that the amount of soil erosion increased with the rainfall increasing. Under the same conditions of rainfall, the soil loss exacerbated with the slop increasing, and the soil loss on sloping tillage is more serious than that on contour tillage.The Regression equation about soil loss(y); rainfall(x1) and slop(x2) was Y=2.49-1.83X1+2.13X2+0.02X1X1-0.162 X2X2 + 0.13 X1X2, and that the effect of rainfall to soil loss is greater than slop.

  null 2010, 26 (20):  318-323.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   PDF ( 1730482KB )   ( 1000 ) The global warming for climate change has been recognized in the world. The climate change will affect the change of agricultural climate resource of agricultural production, thereby affecting crop varieties, layout, the grain yield, etc. The temporal and spatial tendency, differences of agricultural climate resources in Tangshan area was analyzed by using linear-trend estimate, based on the daily air temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2008 form 11 meteorological stations. Analysis on agricultural climate resource for government departments to guide agricultural production, the development of facilities agriculture and agricultural development, introduction, the famous agricultural climate resource utilization argument provides basis for decision-making.The results indicated that the heat increased greatly, and it was greatly in southwest place than northeast place. The inter-annual change between the annual accumulated temperature ≥0 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ and the air temperature existed a corresponding relationship. The annual precipitation decreased, and the fluctuation of precipitation inter-annual was intensified.

  Climatic change of ShiHeZi and its influence on cotton production in recent 48 years 2010, 26 (20):  324-329.  Abstract + ( 1510 )   PDF ( 694793KB )   ( 1110 ) According to the shihezi area 3 meteorological offices and stations in 1961-2008 meteorological data, Establish shihezi area annual average temperature, average minimum temperature, temperature, shanxi and sunlight time sequence, using linear regression, atmospheric, inspection, wavelet analysis of correlation analysis method, shihezi area nearly 48 years basic meteorological elements of change. The results showed that: (1) nearly 48 years shihezi area annual average temperature, average minimum temperature except slight fluctuations between the interannual, presents ascendant trend, the former to the latter, changes in temperature than poorer showed a trend of decrease, (2) of years shows significantly increase the temperature, the rising trend for 93.1 ° c / 10 years, the correlation coefficient of 0.546, through the confidence of alpha = 0.01 significant level, and the annual average temperature cycles of time for 16 years, 8 years plus or minus oscillation, (3) frost-free period and sunlight time all is not significant, but the increasing trend, (4) shihezi area in sunshine duration, etc, the temperature increasing of quantity of heat to the local cotton yield and quality improvement.

  Effect of Contamination of Naphthaline on Rice Growth and Food Security of Rice 2010, 26 (20):  330-334.  Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 635101KB )   ( 869 ) In order to exploring effect of irrigation by contaminated water of naphthaline on rice growth and food security of rice, the trail was carried on by potted experiment in climate cabinate using rice variety Ha04-34. The results indicated that the effect of irrigated rice by contaminated water of naphthaline were depressing plant height of seedling, reducing leaves, increasing root number, delaying heading and delaying maturity. The tendency was evident along with concentration increasing, and yield declining evident along with increasing concentration, the main expression was declining panicle number per hill and grains number per ear. It had not detected naphthaline residue in seed and plant only the rice could to maturity.

  Reaserch on the Transforming Capacity of Low Grade Phosphate Tailings with Aspergillus niger 2010, 26 (20):  335-338.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 664306KB )   ( 968 ) The effect of low grade phosphate tailings (LGPT) concentration, different nitrogen source and pH in the media on phosphate solubilizing activity of Aspergillus niger was studied under liquid pure culture medium, and the mechanism of phosphate solubilization was explored. The result showed that oxatic acid which plays an more important role in the dissolution of LGPT is the main organic acid produced by A. niger in the culture peroid. When 5 g LGPT was added into one liter of the medium, the maximum phosphate solubilization capacity and phosphate solubilization efficiency are 56.02 mg/L and 20.87%, respectively. When more than 5 g LGPT was added into one liter of the medium, the phosphate solubilization efficiency decreased from 20.87% (5 g/L LGPT) to 0.65% (40 g/L LGPT). Moreover, when (NH4)2SO4 was supplied as nitrogen source, the maximum phosphate solubilization efficiency are 2.17 times higher than that of NaNO3. Besides, there is the highest phosphate solubilization efficiency when pH value is from 5 to 6.

  Cultivated Land Area Change and its Socio-economic Driving Forces Based on STIRPAT Model 2010, 26 (20):  339-343.  Abstract + ( 1115 )   PDF ( 588313KB )   ( 1088 ) Abstract: Introducing STIRPAT model, influence of population, industrial structure and the level of urbanization on the cultivated land changes were analyzed, and the relationship between prosperous level and cultivated land area were analyzed in Guangzhou City, using the cultivated land data and related socio-economic development data from 1978 to 2005. The results show that there is no main cause for cultivated land reduction in Guangzhou City. However, population change, changes of the urbanization rate and proportion of the tertiary-industry added value to regional GDP of the area all play important role in the cultivated land reduction. In the scope of observational data, the relationship between the prosperous level and the cultivated land area is not similar to the Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC). Accordingly, several suggestions are proposed in the study to mitigate the pressure of cultivated land reduction, including population control, urbanization level improvement, industrial structure adjustment,and economic growth mode transition, etc.

  Residue Dynamics of cyhalothrin in cabbage and Soil 2010, 26 (20):  344-348.  Abstract + ( 1299 )   PDF ( 799857KB )   ( 934 ) A field experiment was conducted to reveal residue dynamics and residues of cyhalothrin in cabbage and Soil distributed in Changsha,Yangzhou,Hangzhou and Hangzhou four places. The residues of cyhalothrin in cabbage and soil were determined by gas chromatography with ECD detector. The average recoveries of cyhalothrin were in a range of 91.03%-94.39% in cabbage and 88.72%-91.70% in soil. The results showed that the degradation of cyhalothrin in cabbage and soil was in accord with the regression equation. The half-life of cyhalothrin were 5.53d-7.37d and 3.09d-7.15d in cabbage and in soil, respectively. When the cabbage was sprayed three times with 7.5g/hm2 cyhalothrin 25g/l E.C, and the last application was done 7 days before harvesting, the final residues of cyhalothrin in cabbage was lower than 0.2 mg?kg-1 , demonstrating that it is safe to apply cyhalothrin to cabbage.

  Characteristic contrast of element migration in typical agricultural depression and slope land. 2010, 26 (20):  349-352.  Abstract + ( 1268 )   PDF ( 617924KB )   ( 989 ) Abstract: Take the elements migration characteristics of rock - soil - soilwater - plant system as the research objects which located on two different geomorphological sites of karst peak cluster-depression in huixian,guilin. Comparative analysis of basic characteristic, restrict factors and mutative trend of elements which on the depression and slope land.The results show that, It forms a remarkable feature of partial alkaline environment in the karst dynamic driving conditions. There is an ovbvious distinction of the soil profile elements between the depression and slope land. And the vertical elements’ changes of soil- water also shows a significant difference. The plants soil biological absorption coefficient is low,and the plant is the type of subjecting to restrictions of nitrogen. The feature of partial alkaline calcium-rich in the slope land is worse. The results show that there is a significant difference of the element migration between depression and slope land.

  The Treatment of Calcium Precipitation on Fluoride Drinking Water in Rural Areas 2010, 26 (20):  353-356.  Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 604725KB )   ( 985 ) By means of calcium precipitation, the effects of calcium chloride dosage, pH and standing time on fluoride remove were studied in order to optimize the parameters. Under different dosage of calcium chloride (at 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, respectively), the effects of pH and standing time on fluoride were analyzed. The results showed that, three factors of the best combination were calcium chloride dosage of 250%, pH 8.5, standing time at least 50min,and under this condition, the concentration of fluoride was reduced from 20mg/L to 7mg/L; therefore, the application of this method can effectively reduce endemic fluorosis in rural areas.

  Research Progress on Conservation of Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) Germplasm Resources 2010, 26 (20):  357-361.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 512778KB )   ( 1170 ) Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) is one of the most important tropical fruits. By now there is still not an excellent mango cultivar with early maturation, high-yield, high-quality and disease resistance features. There are two reasons can explain that. First, due to the natural and human problems and deficiency of conventional germplasm conservation methods, many valuable mango germplasm vanished gradually. Second, the mango improvement with traditional breeding methods is very difficult because of being one kind of heterogeneous woody plants. This review focused on research progress of germplasm conservation, conservation in vitro and cryopreservation of mango. In addition, biotechnology using somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration to improve mango quality should be a good research topic in the future.

  Effects of Short-Term High Temperature on Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Indices in Brazil Banana Plantlets 2010, 26 (20):  362-365.  Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 717814KB )   ( 783 ) The Brazil banana plantlets were used as material to study the changes of photosynthesis and physiological indices of leaves under short-term high temperature.The results showed that Pn，Gs，Tr decreased than those of CK ,but Ci continued to rise. After 24 h heat treatment,the leaf of Brazil banana total chlorophyll content were lower than 9.62% of CK, while the soluble protein, free proline, MDA content were increased significantly than those of CK.The results suggested that short-term high temperature might result the bad effects on the growth of the brazil banana plantlets.

  System of Drought Monitoring and Forecasting Base on ARCGIS ENGINE 2010, 26 (20):  366-372.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 1167620KB )   ( 1323 ) The paper builds monitoring and Forecasting information system of drought disaster based on ARCGIS engine and Visual Basic 6 technology using satellite operational data and basic meteorological database and DEM data Through the Monitoring and forecasting model of drought. The system offers the function that can quickly and accurately implement the monitoring of drought Disaster and classification of drought Disaster level and the forecasting of drought Disaster. It provides stronger decision support scheme to both the policymakers and managers.

  Applications of 3D Laser Scan Technology in Plant Modeling 2010, 26 (20):  373-377.  Abstract + ( 1239 )   PDF ( 1012450KB )   ( 1243 ) 3D scanning has been used in many fields. However, its applications in plant object modeling is not satisfied with many problems. For plant modeling, scanning work is implemented by use of three 3D scanners. For example of typical plant leaves, the scanning and post data processing based on point cloud is carried out. After the discussion on experimental problems, corresponding solutions are proposed.

  Effect of rural informatization on gross agricultural output in main yellow river irrigation area of Ningxia 2010, 26 (20):  378-382.  Abstract + ( 1096 )   PDF ( 557037KB )   ( 2864 ) Based on the actual situation of irrigation area of Ningxia, the rural informatization index in Ningxia was established in this paper. The relationship between total agricultural investment, rural informatization, agricultural labors and gross agricultural output was studied. The results showed that the rural informatization index was positively related to the agricultural economy, which indicated that the rural informatization gradually appeared its improving effects. Meanwhile, the rural informatization index was negatively related to agricultural labors and agricultural investment, and implied that rural informatization was promoting the agricultural economy from extensive mode to intensive mode. The regression of principal components showed that every increment of ten thousand labor enhanced gross agricultural output by 4,102 yuan RMB; every increment of rural informatization index of 1% enhanced gross agricultural output by 133,399 yuan RMB; every increment of agricultural investment of 10,000 yuan RMB enhanced gross agricultural output by 4123 yuan RMB.

  Design and Construction of the Beijing Crop Germplasm Information Platform 2010, 26 (20):  383-387.  Abstract + ( 992 )   PDF ( 978687KB )   ( 1061 ) Around the development of Beijing seed industry, to promote the efficient use of Beijing crop germplasm, Beijing crop germplasm information platform was built by using .NET and Sqlserver2005 database technology. This platform can make germplasm establish database automatically, and the uniform management and retrieval of heteroid germplasm can also come true. The germplasm of different departments can be managed unitedly, and they can be shared together in the network. This paper illustrated the design method and the principle of the platform frame, the function design and the automatic construction database. The Beijing crop germplasm information platform was constructed initially.

  Based on the geographical resources analysis of agricultural development in Tibet facilities 2010, 26 (20):  388-392.  Abstract + ( 1216 )   PDF ( 541253KB )   ( 1065 ) Based on analysis of Tibet's unique resources that the process of agricultural development in Tibet in the facility to integrate regional resources, make full use of solar energy resources, geothermal resources, forest resources and their yak products of litter resources and the development of methane gas by-product of combining resources in able to make the facilities of agriculture in Tibet is showing a good development trend, while effectively promote the development of related industries.

  Q235 steel's corrosion morphology in red soil of different moisture 2010, 26 (20):  393-396.  Abstract + ( 1065 )   PDF ( 2294978KB )   ( 1201 ) On the research of the Q235-steel’s corrosion mechanism buried for 2 months in red soil, with 10%, 20% and 30% of soil moisture, we found that in acid red soil, different moisture is the major factor of corrosion speed in the soil. In the experimental conditions, corrosion speed reaches maximum at the 30% humidity. Soil moisture also have got greatly impact on Q235-steel’s corrosion form, the increasing of moisture is propitious to transform local corrosion to uniform corrosion.

  Challenges and Recommendations of the Three-Gorges Reservoir Area of Land Remediation1——Take KairXian county as example 2010, 26 (20):  397-401.  Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 606342KB )   ( 948 ) Land Remediation is an important part of land management in most countries of the world, which is an effective way to solve agricultural structure adjustment and a principal means to improve agricultural infrastructure, and has become an effective way to promote rural development. Kaixian county as a example, accord to the importance of land remediation, this paper has described three aspects of land remediation arduous which are ecological environment, economic development and people-land relationship; and has analyzed outstanding issues from land remediation objectives, benefits and investment. In conclusion, improving land remediation planning, increasing input and pushing forward the implementation of major projects, in order to promote the development of land remediation of the Three-Gorges Reservoir Area.

  Theoretical Study on Energy Balance Model of Covering Layer of Multi-Span Plastic Greenhouse 2010, 26 (20):  402-405.  Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 1117456KB )   ( 994 ) An energy balance model was established with the basic knowledge of heat transfer and thermodynamics theory, and energy balance method was used as theoretical research platform. The heat transfer of the covering layer was analyzed according to reflectance and transmittance of cover material, working conditions such as temperatures of inside and outside of facility, sky radiation, plant, floor and so on. The model was simulated in MATLAB environment, and verified by actual experiments. Taking the temperature simulation of the covering layer in sunny and cloudy day as examples, R2 values of the two regression equations were 0.8999 and 0.9875, respectively. The mean absolute error was ±1.04℃, and the mean relative error was 4.36%. As a result, the model was clear and definite in physics, being easy to do digital simulation. Moreover, the results of simulation matched the date of the experiments.

  Optimization of Technological Parameters for Ethanol Production by Fermentation of Raw Cassava 2010, 26 (20):  406-412.  Abstract + ( 1259 )   PDF ( 711452KB )   ( 1091 ) Taking cassava as test piece,employ the uniform design and orthogonal design studying in the technological parameters optimizated for raw cassava ethanol production,and discussed the two design’s methods characteristics,The results uniform design has more advantages than orthogonal design under the conditions of multi-levels and multi-factors;The optimal technological parameters for the ethanol yield were obtained: Ratio of solid to liquid 1:1.8, initial pH value 3.5,fermentation temperature 32℃,yeast inoculation amount 3.5×107cell/mL,(NH4)2SO4 0.5g,rotational speed 140rpm,dosage of gluloamylase , a-amylase and cellulase were 200 u/g,12 u/g and 25 u/g,fermentation cycle 120h,under the optimal conditions,ethanol concentration could reach 15.7%（9.2% under orthogonal design）.

  Green tourism and leisure agriculture in Japan and the revelation to China 2010, 26 (20):  413-416.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 471905KB )   ( 1221 ) Green tourism and leisure agriculture in Japan has promoted rural development. In Japan, green tourism is a leisure time activitie in farmland mountains and fishing villages where people can communicate the local nature and culture with local people. There are four types of green tourism and leisure agriculture in Japan, including agro-forestry park type、food culture-based and rural landscape view type、mountain residence type and life-long learning type. The features of development of green tourism and leisure agriculture in Japan mainly in the aspects of government、laws、regulations and budget、development plans、civil society organizations、environmental protection、respect to the characteristics of rural residents and local, continuously expand content and so on. Japanese government has gradually established the important position of green tourism agriculture in national development plans and promotes its development through relevant laws and regulations, capital budget and the consultations. China is building the new countryside positively and should also learn from the Japanese experience to the develop the urban and country.

  The Motivations and Trends of Chinese agricultural Product Circulation System Transformation 2010, 26 (20):  417-422.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 545142KB )   ( 1041 ) This paper reviewed the literature about Chinese agricultural product circulation system, and pointed out that the urban-rural dual structure causes the Chinese agricultural product circulation system transformation has a long way to go. Revealing the deep-seated motivation of transformation is still an important research topic. This paper analyzed the unique attributes of agricultural product on production, circulation and consumption, and found that the system meaning and the potential profits of these unique attributes are the fundamental motivations of Chinese agricultural product circulation system transformation. Based on the findings, we proposed the following suggestions about the further development of Chinese agricultural product circulation system. Firstly, agricultural products should be classified according to the biological characteristics and circulation characteristics, and different categories of agricultural products have different key issues. Secondly, according to vast size, complex natural conditions, and the uneven regional development of China, different regions should set different reform goals.

  An Empirical Investigation of the Determinants of Audit Prices of Agri-listed Companies JIANG Tao 2010, 26 (20):  423-428.  Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 642358KB )   ( 922 ) Based on the data sampled from 216 agri-listed companies from the year 2001 to 2008 in China, an empirical study and relative theoretical analyses were conducted on the internal and external influencing factors on the determinants of audit prices. The result show the size of company and board are the major factors, and the larger the size of company and board, the higher the pricing; the more company business operation category, and the higher the level of liability, the higher the pricing. And then, the characteristics of auditing firms and the institutional environment are the important factors that affect the audit prices. Auditing firms whose comprehensive evaluation in the front rank, and having high quality audit have the high pricing; the higher the index mar where agri-listed companies are, the higher the pricing, however the higher the legalization level, the lower the pricing. At last, the paper put forward some related countermeasure and advices.

  The Use of Venture Capital in the Process of Industrialization of Agriculture with Special Characteristics 2010, 26 (20):  429-433.  Abstract + ( 1026 )   PDF ( 534211KB )   ( 1588 ) Abstract：From the major factors of funds restricting the development of agriculture with special characteristics and the attentions of venture capital to modern agriculture at the present stage, this paper analyzed the action of the introduction of venture capital in the process of industrialization of agriculture with special characteristics. In the paper, there are also some countermeasures to use venture capital in agriculture with special characteristics, so as to create suitable environmental conditions and new impetus for modern agricultural development.

  Sustainable Development of College-graduate Village Official Policy—Based on the Perspective of Embedded System 2010, 26 (20):  434-438.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 557256KB )   ( 1038 ) In order to solve the problem on sustainable development of college-graduate village official, this article analyzed the embedded system theory and probed into the college-graduate village official system. The results showed that: College-graduate village official system are embedded in the favorable political and economic environment, with long-term development, but the wages and benefits, recognition issues, function allocation caused by the characteristics of non-institutional issues restrict the sustainable development of college-graduate village official system. This problem can be solved by reconstructing the embedded environment and encouraging college-graduate village official to start an undertaking.Therefore, the government at all levels should explore the model of self-entrepreneurship constantly, and perfect it in the theory and practice.

  Measurement of county agricultural industry contribution rate of science and technology and analysis of its influencing factors 2010, 26 (20):  439-443.  Abstract + ( 1301 )   PDF ( 623327KB )   ( 942 ) With the calculation method promulgated by Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, the paper measured the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to rice production increase in 2002-2007 in Shanghang and analyzed the influence on contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, of fine seed, agriculture infrastructure, skill level of labor force, equipment, scientific and technological information and social services, and so on. And then it put forward some suggestions, increasing finance input to agriculture research, elevating skill level of labor force and improving spread services of agriculture scientific and technological achievement.

  Study on Initiative Models of Social Service System of Urban Agriculture in Beijing 2010, 26 (20):  444-447.  Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 493245KB )   ( 1139 ) It is necessary for developing modern agriculture to build social service system. With the rapid development of urban agriculture, many initiative models of social service system of urban agriculture spring up in Beijing, such as the town integrated service center, public procurement, the financial cooperation, the linkage of institute and administrative division, the promotion of excellent talents, the promotion of specialized cooperative organization, the promotion of leading company in industrialization, the promotion of specialized market. The article analyzes the concept and feature, mode of operation, great value of these models, in order to provide experience for Beijing and other provinces.

  A Comparison between Fujian and Taiwan agricultural developmen and Countermeasure to Promoting Fujian’s Rural Entrepreneurship 2010, 26 (20):  448-451.  Abstract + ( 1046 )   PDF ( 508914KB )   ( 950 ) Abstract:This study has an Comparison between Fujian and Taiwan’s agriculture and rural economic development, different stages development, efficiency of resource allocation, policy support and enterprising model. On the basis of study on Fujian 's status quo and existing problems, the policy suggestion for improving the rural economy, farmers entrepreneurship environment and ability were put forward.

  On the Terms of Transfer to the Right to Contract for Management of Woodland 2010, 26 (20):  452-455.  Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 438623KB )   ( 962 ) The right to contract for management of woodland is a usufruct, it can be transferred according to law, but the law also make a restriction on the status of the transferor and the transferee, and the transfer of right to contract for management of woodland must acquire the assent of the contract letting party. The consent is a supervision but not a decision-making power. In order to avoid the abuse of power, the contract letting party must have the statutory grounds if he do not agree the transfer to the right to contract for management of woodland

  Study on Development and Obstructions Factors of Farmer Cooperatives in China 2010, 26 (20):  456-458.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 431914KB )   ( 1251 ) : In order to assess the situation of china cooperatives and give some constructive suggestions for their future development, the paper firstly discussed the charactics of the farmer cooperatives and emerging problems based on the literatures during its developing process.Secondly,the paper discussed obstruction factors on farmer professional cooperation by literature study .The paper found that local culture and government intervention restricted the development of the farmer cooperatives.