Current issue

• 2005 Vol.21 No.5 Published:05 May 2005

  目次

  Identification and Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes of Goat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in vitro Pang Quanhai,, Zhang Huiru, Hua Jinlian, Ma Yongjiang, Dou Zhongying 2005, 21 (5):  1-1.  Abstract + ( 1615 )   The Guanzhong dairy goats were used in our experiment to study the characteristics of their bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), such as isolation, culture, and identification. The results indicate that there are excellent potentials for the goat mesenchymal-like stem cells derived from goat bone marrow to proliferate and to resist freezing and thawing repeatedly. The goat mesenchymal-like stem cells can express cellular surface markers CD34, CD44, CD105, CD106, CD 166, and TGF-α, but not CD14 and CD45. And after treated by 5-azacytidine in vitro, they express cellular surface marker of cardiac α-actin and Schiff’s stain positive.

  Nanog Expression and Growth Behavior of Mouse ES Cells on Different Feeders Zhuang Shuzhen, Dong Wuzi, Yang Weifeng, Hua Jinlian, Dou Zhongying 2005, 21 (5):  5-5.  Abstract + ( 1343 )   It is Observed that the nanog expression level and the growth behavior of the mouse ES-D3 cells cultured on the MEF feeder, the neonatal bovine testicular sertoli cells (nBTSCs) feeder and the neonatal rabbit testicular sertoli cells (nRTSCs) feeder on the 4th day. RT-PCR shows that nanog expresses high level on the MEF feeder and lower on the nBTSCs and the nRTSCs the lowest. Results show that the colony form and the differentiation degree of the ES-D3 cells cultured on the different feeders are different. Colonies of the ES-D3 cultured on the MEF feeder have very regular form and show strong positive for AKP staining. The cells are compact. There are few big cells on the surface of the colonies. Cells on the nBTSCs feeder have clear bourn but spread around some big cells on the colonies surface. Most colonies show positive and a few show weak positive for AKP staining. Cells on the nRTSCs feeder have irregular and unclear colonies. Only part of the colonies shows positive for AKP staining and some show negative. There are a few big cells on the surface of the colonies and the fibroblast spreads around them.

  Retroviral Vector Mediated CSFV E2 Envelope Protein Gene Expression Eukaryotic Cells and Animal Immune Experiment Xu Xingang, Hu Jianhe, Zhang Yanming 2005, 21 (5):  20-20.  Abstract + ( 1533 )   The recombinant retroviral vector pBABE-puro-E2 was constructed by inserting full-length cDNA of CSFV Shimen strain E2 gene into pBABE-puro. Both the recombinant retroviral vector and pVSVg plasmid were transfected into eukaryotic cells 293GP by calcium phosphate transfection method thus the pseudovirus were producesd . The pseudovirus infected eukaryotic cells SP2/0 and expression E2 protein was determined by puromycin-resistant and FACS analysis. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneal injected with SP2/0 cells which expressed CSFV E2 protein. The result showed anti-CSFV E2 antibody was screened by FACS.

  Changes of Expression NGF in the Nucleus Rotundus of Laying Chicken Wang Yuesi, Fan Guangli, Qiao Hailian, Zhang Yongde 2005, 21 (5):  24-24.  Abstract + ( 1346 )   To study the expression and changes of NGF in nucleus rotundus of laying hens. The expression of NGF was examined by immunocytochemistry and image analysis. The Results showed that NGF immuneoreactive cells appeared in nucleus rotundus of 120d group, after this time the expression of NGF was increased remarkably and reached the peak at the day of 240,and then decreased gradually. The results suggest that there are some correlation between the expression of NGF with light stimulation and reproduction.

  Study on the Egg Quality Traits of Different Variety on Gushi Chicken Li Dan, Sun Guirong, Kang Xiangtao, Li Guoxi, Han Ruili, Huang Yanqun, Wang Yanbin, Li Ming 2005, 21 (5):  28-28.  Abstract + ( 1635 )   The eggs of 35-week-age Gushi chicken were selected to investigate the egg quality traits of 5 different varieties. The results showed that：（1）The excellent egg quality traits of hardness and eggshell thickness（54.67~58.60μm）, florid yolk (8.56~9.17) and low content of yolk cholesterol （221.11~233.94mg/egg） remained in every variety; but there were some drawbacks, such as low egg weight（48.13~50.51g）and egg shape index（1.21~1.30）in some varieties. (2)The result of correlation analysis of every egg trait showed that it had difference in different varieties, such as cholesterol：between cholesterol and egg weight there was significantly positive correlation (p<0.05) (r=0.79878~0.80938)both in Yellow feather Gushi Chicken with black skin and piebald feather Gushi Chicken, and between cholesterol and content of egg white crude protein the correlation was significantly positive (p<0.01) (r=0.88288)in piebald feather Gushi Chicken; meanwhile，there was negative significantly correlation (p<0.01) between cholesterol and weight of egg shell (white feather Gushi Chicken with white skin, r= -0.98537)and cholesterol and yolk crude protein(yellow feather Gushi Chicken with black skin, r= -0.9225).

  Changes of some Hydrolase activities during Agricultural Waste Materials Composting in high Temperature and static State Gu Jie, Li Shengxiu, Qin Qingjun, Li Minglei, Gao Hua 2005, 21 (5):  32-32.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   An experiment was conducted with mixed materials of chicken excrement and wheat straw to study the changes of some hydrolyses activities, pH value, and election conductance rate (EC) during an aeration composting process in a static state. Results showed that the activities of cellulose enzyme and sucrose enzyme under the condition of adding microorganism fungus had the same tendency in variation with that of no microorganism fungus, the active peak values of the two kinds of enzyme were higher than the treatment of no microorganism fungus, and their peak values were up to 0.457mg glucose/g·24h and 87.836mg glucose/g·24h respectively, the appearances of the two kinds of enzyme peak values were earlier than the treatment of no microorganism fungus, and among them cellulose enzyme was 2d earlier and sucrose enzyme was 6d earlier. Applying microorganism fungus can improve urea enzyme activity and its peak value, reduce the value of pH, and increase the value of EC at the same time.

  Culture of Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes with Micro-carriers in Rotary Cell Culture System(RCCS) LiuXia,, Shi Mingyan, Zhang Huiru, Wang Changyong 2005, 21 (5):  36-36.  Abstract + ( 1568 )   To investigate the way for in vitro culture of cardiac myocytes derived neonatal rat with micro-carriers in rotary cell culture system (RCCS), 1~2days old neonatal rat cardiac muscle cells were isolated by sequential digestion and pre-plating methods. The isolated cardiac myocytes were seeded into Cytodex-3 microcarrier in RCCS and cultured for 7 days. Morphological changes of the cells on microcarrier were observed by light microscope and scan electron microscopy. Metabolic indexes, including specific consumption rate of glucose, specific production rate of lactate, lactate transform rate were primarily measured. The results show that cells adhered into cytodex-3 microcarrier 12 hours after seeding and formed cells groups.Metabolic activity of the cells on microcarrier was vigorous. The above results demonstrate that culture cardiac myocytes on microcarrier in RCCS is a effective and brief way.

  Seasonal Effect on Superovulation of Angus and Hereford Beef Cows under Natural Grazing Conditions Zhang Li , , Liu Junping , , Cao Hongguo , Zhang Yong 2005, 21 (5):  38-38.  Abstract + ( 1679 )   Angus beef cattles and Hereford beef cattles imported from Canada were superovulated by using CIDR and injecting FSH-PG in May to June and Augest to September 2004, which were grouped in random. Superovulation rate, average number of collected embryos, average available embryo number, available embryo rate, and A and B grade rate in available embryos were analyzed. The results indicated that under natural grazing conditions from May to June, the average number of collected embryos was 10.78, the average available embryo number was 5.75, and the average number of grade A embryos was 4.52 of Angus beef cattles after superovulated; Under the same conditions, the average number of collected embryos was 12.18, the average number of available embryos was 7.86, and the average number of grade A embryos was 6.5 of Hereford beef cattle. From Augest to September, the average number of collected embryos was 12.55, the average available embryo number was 8.14, and the number of grade A embryos was 6.62 of Angus beef cattles after superovulation. Meanwhile, the numbers of Hereford beef cattles were 10.25, 5.75, and 4.32, respectively. It is substantiated that suitable superovulation season to Hereford beef cattles is in Summer, and to Angus beef cattle is in Autumn.

  Study on Ovum Pick-up and Fertilization in Vitro on Cows Huai Yahong,, Xin Xiaoling, Xu Zhaoxue, Shi Qiaoting, Zan Linsen 2005, 21 (5):  41-41.  Abstract + ( 1423 )   In this experiment, ovum pick-up (OPU) was carried out under the B-type ultrasound scan guidance on Holstein in order to study the effect of the frequence of OPU and the treatment of FSH with estrous and no estrous Holstein on recovered oocytes. Meanwhile, The oocytes from ovum pick-up and slaughterhouse were fertilized in vitro and cultured to blastocyst. The result showed that: there was significant difference on recovered oocytes between twice every week and once every week. FSH was treated with estrous and no estrous Holstein preceding 3 days before OPU. There was no significant difference on mean oocytes per collection, recovery rate and high quality oocytes rate. There was significant difference on recovered high quality oocytes and blastocyst rate between from ovum pick-up and from slaughterhouse.

  Effects of Different Organic Matter on Regenerated Shoots of Dendrobium Candidum Zhou Jiangming 2005, 21 (5):  49-49.  Abstract + ( 1560 )   To study the effects of water extract from different Organic Matter on growth of regenerated shoots from Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. In the same culture condition, the regenerated shoots were cultured on MS medium with water extract of eight Organic Matter, the different growth status was scored and general analysed after 60d. Results There were different influence to the regenerated shoots that culture media with different water extract of Organic Matter. MS adding CH, CM or water extract of white radish was the better media for strengthening regenerated shoots, while MS with the water extract of banana was suitable for root growing, MS with nothing was the best media for propagation.

  Study on Dry Yield And Protein of Alfalfas in Beijing Yang Qijian, Zhou He, Sun Yan, Zhang Zhenghai 2005, 21 (5):  50-50.  Abstract + ( 1478 )   Dry yield and crude protein of alfalfas and three main soil nutrient contents were measured before and at the end of 2001.The results showed that the total of the dry yield was 9582.3kg/hm2, the first, The protein of the first, second and third yield was 19.82%, 11.70% and 21.1%. The different way of treat and confection，will effect the protein content of Alfalfa.

  Effect of Planting with Plastic Film on Economic Characters of Alfalfa Li Huike, Zhang Guangjun, Yang Jianjun 2005, 21 (5):  53-53.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   Compared with the common drilling, alfalfa seedling in planting with plastic film emerged in advance of tree days, seedling stem height increased 57%,seedling stem wide increased 21.7% and root Length increased 2~4cm. Compared with CK, alfalfa stem height increased 30.77%. Branch increased 12%, Ratio of stem to leave was lower than CK, Yield of alfalfa increased 21.14% in first year of planting with Plastic film and increased 83.64% in second year. Net income in two years comed to 2916.88 Yuan/hm2.

  The Effect of Pre-crops on the Population Stability of Perennial Artificial Grassland in Three Gorges Regions Guo Yanjun, Xu Huizhong 2005, 21 (5):  56-56.  Abstract + ( 1477 )   Three kinds of newly returned lands from three pre-crops were selected to establish mix-sowing artificial grassland in Three Gorges Region. The growth speed, grass yield, grass proportion and grass weight ratio of 6 grass combinations were determined to analyze the difference between different lands. The results showed that the grass production and grass proportion were significantly influenced by the soils (p<0.01). The grass yield in soybean land was significantly higher than that in rice land and turf land (p<0.01). While the legume grass yields was significantly higher in turf land than that in rice land and soybean land (p<0.01). And the grass production and proportions in different cutting times were changed differently in different lands. The average grass yield in soybean land in second cutting time was increased about 430%. Compared with the first cutting time, the proportion between Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata in two combinations and two proportions were decreased in second cutting time, except the combination F with 3:7 proportion.

  Increased Effect of Feed-corn Silage for Milk-yield of Milch-cow Liu Chao, Lv Yajun, Bai Cunjiang, Lei Haining, Han Ligang 2005, 21 (5):  61-61.  Abstract + ( 1545 )   Feeding rations with the corn-grein silage substituted for the sraw silage to milch-cows for 30 days, The results showed, averagee milk yield of treatment groups was higher than that of the control by 6.62kg, cash is 1:4.5 inrate of launch into and output. Feeding milch-cow with the corn-grein silage, dairy increase economic profit for ￥1800 than selling corn Per ha.. Generalizing the use of corn-grein silage is important way farmers receive more economic benefit.

  Effect of the Pine-Needle Powder and Mai-Fan Rock Compound Additives on Development of Immune Organ of Broiler Wang Jue, Li Shenghe, Wang Qun, Li Chunpeng 2005, 21 (5):  63-63.  Abstract + ( 1569 )   A total of 144 one day-old AA Broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups, each group included 72 chickens. The control group was fed on the basal diet for 42 days, and that of experiment group supplemented 1 % pine-needle powder and1% Mai-Fan rock. Six chickens in each group were selected and slaughtered at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days respectively, the thymuses，bursa of Fabricius and spleens were obtained, weighted, fixed in Bouin liquid and made into paraffin section. The results were as follows: Compared with control group, the weight and the relative weight of thymuses, bursas of Fabricius and spleens of experiment group increased significantly(P＜0.05) or extremely significantly(P＜0.01). In experiment group, the cortex of thymic lobule, bursa nodule and Periarterial Lymphatic Sheaths thicken obviously; the volume of bursa nodule, splenic nodule and ellipsoid augmented, and the germinal center of splenic nodule were obvious; the thymic corpuscle increased; the plica of bursas of Fabricius developed well and the degenerating of it retarded. The result shows that the pine-needle powder and Mai-Fan rock compound additives could boost the early development of thymus and bursas of Fabricius, retard the degenerating of bursas of Fabricius and promote the immune response of spleen.

  Varieties Identification of Tomato Using Molecular Markers Yu Shuancang, Chai Min, Jiang Ligang 2005, 21 (5):  84-84.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   Three PCR-based systems, including RAPD, RGA and SRAP were employed to differentiate 22 tomato varieties. In this study, laborious work was conducted in primer selection, 17 polymorphic loci were produced by 7 RAPD primers, 12 polymorphic loci by 2 RGA primer pairs, and 8 polymorphic loci by one SRAP primer pairs. The informative loci by each primer or primer pair were used to identify 22 tomato varieties, respectively. It showed that the RGA and SRAP marker were more effective. To distinguish the 10 varieties, two-primer-combinations and three-primer-combinations were tested. Three-primer-combination BI26、PK1+PK2 and S91 or S92 can identify the 22 tomato varieties effectively and produces specific fingerprint of each varieties. More over, cluster analyses indicated that the relationship between varieties was very complicated, and the cluster analysis could not get the desired result with limited informative data.

  Analysis of Isoenzymes Related with Sterility Changeover in Cytoplasm Male Sterile Line of Chinese Cabbage Sensitived to Temperature Zhang Shaoli, Zhang Lugang, Ji Xuehua, Zhang Jian 2005, 21 (5):  90-90.  Abstract + ( 1716 )   The male sterile line of Chinese cabbage with rape cytoplasm, which sterility has been changeover dealt with low temperature（AT line）, the male sterile line with no treatment （A line）and it’s maintainer (B line ) were used in the experiment. The POD, ATP, AMY，EST isozymes were analyzed with the roots and leaves of seedling stage with six leaves, large buds, middle buds and small buds of flower stage by using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results are shown as follow: POD, ATP, AMY have no notable relations with sterility. EST have no differences in seedling stage between A line and B line, but there are notable differences in small buds (EST’s activity of maintainer is stronger than that of sterile line. There are the bands of α-Est with Rf 0.62,0.68,0.72,0.75,0.83 in maintainer more than that of sterile line and the bands of β-Est with Rf 0.68,0.72,0.75,0.83 of maintainer more than that of sterile line).The band of α-Est with Rf 0.83 was disappeared with the changeover of sterility by the treatment of low temperature, which may be related with the changeover of sterility. Based on the experiment the mechanisms of cytoplasm male sterility are also discussed in this paper.

  The Application of Anther Culture Technique in Cold Region Rice Breeding Guan Shiwu 2005, 21 (5):  94-94.  Abstract + ( 1525 )   The achievement of anther culture which has been carried out Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences for thirty years are reviewed. Anther culture technique on cold region rice is introduced. Nine anther culture varieties including Hejiang21 are identified and popularized. The cumulative cultivated area reach 1.5 million hectares. Moreover, lots of new germplasm are widely used in improving varieties. It is verified by the fact that japonica rice anther culture has many advantages, for example small mummer of population, early stable generation and high selection efficiency etc. Anther culture is a powerful method for japonica rice breeding in cold region.

  Establishment and Optimization of RAPD Reaction System in Tobacco Yang Youcai, Zhou Qingmin, Yin Hanqi 2005, 21 (5):  97-97.  Abstract + ( 1559 )   The factors influencing RAPD Analysis, including the concentration of DNA template, Mg2+, dNTP, primers, Taq polymerase, Thermal cycles and annealing temperature in tobacco were studied. An optimal PCR system for RAPD in tobacco was found: in 25μl reaction solution, contained 40ng DNA template, 0.4μM random primers, 2.5mM Mg2+, 0.2mM dNTP, 1U Taq polymerase. The amplification program was devised: 94℃ for 5min;denaturing at 94℃ for 1min; primer annealing at 38℃ for 1min, extension at 72℃ for 1.5min, 39 cycles; at last extension at 72℃ for 5min.

  Esterase Isozyme Analysis of Perilla in Yunnan Guo Fenggen, Chen Juan, Wang Shiyu, Yang Hairong 2005, 21 (5):  101-101.  Abstract + ( 1361 )   Esterase isozyme of 9 samples from Perilla frutescence (L.) Britton in Yunnan was analyzed by using Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The results showed that there were 6 esterase isozyme types in 9 samples of Perilla. The result of Cluster Analysis of esterase isozyme showed that 9 samples could be divided into 5 groups and supported the view of dividing perilla frutescence in Yunnan into 5 varieties.

  The Technique of Rapid Propagation and Free Virus in Plant Tissue Culture and its Application Ge Shengjuan 2005, 21 (5):  104-104.  Abstract + ( 1798 )   The paper overviews the formation and characteristics of the technique of rapid propagation of free virus in plant tissue culture, and its application in flower, wood, fruit tree, vegetable...etc., and introduces the main technical link to produce the seedling, including the function and choice of media, the principle and need of donor plants, tame method and transplant request of plant, productive plan of seedling and budge means of cost.

  A Molecular Marker－SRAP Technique Optimization and Application Analysis Li Yan, Zhang Chunqing 2005, 21 (5):  108-108.  Abstract + ( 1663 )   There were many PCR-based molecular marker techniques, but their own disadvantages limited the development and application. A new molecular marker system-SRAP (Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism) showed the good development future by its unique virtue. It was used mainly in foreign countries and seldom in domestic country. The factors of reaction system were modified in order to simplify processes and better system with watermelon. The principle, characters and application of SRAP also were introduced. The result showed good effect. SRAP will be a valuable tool in research area.

  Micropropagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor Xu Lingfei, Pang Yong, Zhou Lianxia, Wang Guizhang, Wang Jing, Ye Hongxia 2005, 21 (5):  113-113.  Abstract + ( 1463 )   An in vitro propagation protocol based on bulb proliferation has been developed for Lilium davidii var. unicolor . BA 0.9 mg/L + NAA 0.1~0.2 mg/L was suitable for bulb proliferation .It seemed that high or low total ion and nitrogen concentration affected bulb proliferation. N6 was optimal basal medium for bulb proliferation. Improving sugars concentration enhanced the multiplication efficiency. The multiplication efficiency of 40 g/L Sucrose was higher than others. The best rooting response was obtained on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA, on this medium; the rooting frequency was 100%. The survival percentage was 90% when rooting plantlets were transplanted in perlite and soil.

  Leaving Fosters Technique Research of Short Cherry of Lai-yang Zhao Yanjie 2005, 21 (5):  115-115.  Abstract + ( 1435 )   With the short cherry of Lai-yang being explant and the MS being basic culture medium ,experiments were established in order to study the effect of different concentration compounding treatments of two kinds hormone (6-BA,IBA) on the bud proliferation and the effect of 6-BA on the bud inducement of explant and the effect of IBA on the rhizogenesis. Results achieved were as the follows: the optimal merisis culture medium is MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.1mg/L+Sugar30g/L+Agar6g/L. The results rhizogenesis culture medium is 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+Sugar30g/L +Agar6G/L.

  Study on Protein Functional Properties in Soybean Qin Zhiwei, Huai Fengtao, Zhou Xiuyan, Liu Hongyu, Wang Jing, Liu Shanshan 2005, 21 (5):  124-124.  Abstract + ( 1618 )   The functional properties of soybean protein were studied in this paper, and the properties included the nitrogen soluble index (NSI), the viscosity, the hydroscopic property, the foaming ability, and the foam stability. The proteins were isolated from 70 cultivars of the main soybeans of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, in the northeast of China. The results showed that the protein of Heilongjiang`s soybean had high solubility, and it was suitable for producing soybean protein powder, protein meat, soybean milk and adjuvant of European-American food. The proteins of Jilin’s soybeans had the high foaming abilities and the better hydroscopic property. It fits for producing traditional oriental food and cookies. The proteins of Liaoling’s soybean, having the high hydroscopic property, the better viscosity, and it was suitable for food additives and for adjusting material traits effectively.

  The Dynamic of Main Pests and Main Natural Enemies in theOrganic Peach Yard in Pingguo’s County, Beijing Li Zhipeng, Zhang Dingwu, Dong Min, Du Xiangge 2005, 21 (5):  128-128.  Abstract + ( 1393 )   In this experiment, author investigated the dynamic of the three main pests (Grapholitha molesta Busck, Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Roslerstamm and Lyonetia clerkella Linnaeus)and the four main natural enemies(Propylaea japonica(Thunbery), armoia(Leis)axyxidis, Coccinella septempunctta, Orius minutus and Chrysopidae ) with the synthetic sex pheromone lures and the clap nets for understand dynamic of pests and natural enemies under organic management. The results shown that the generations of the three pests are distinctness, the peak of appear convergent; the number of the natural enemies accumulate gradually, the developing regulation is clear.

  The Detection Methods of Estrodial and its Research Progress in Livestock Product Dai Xiaohua,, Wu Guojuan, Shen Hong, Li Huanrong, Zhao Xiaomeng, Lu Yan,, Kang Rongqin 2005, 21 (5):  131-131.  Abstract + ( 1439 )   Estrogen includes estradiol，estriol and estrone. Estradiol(E2)is the strongest active hormone of the three kinds of estrogen. It has very strong physiology function and extensive medical function to animal and poultry，but remain in animal food will endanger human health. Research indicated that the level of estradiol content in human body is remarkably relative to some tumors， such as galactophore cancer， womb cancer, liver cancer etc. This article will briefly state the examination methods and the research of the antibody of estradiol to establish base for the estradiol ELISA analysis method.

  Study on Socially Harmless Controlling Technologies on Stored Grain Insect Pests Li Shiguang, Yang Li, Lin Huafeng, Zhang Lei ,Shen Zonghai, Xu Faqian 2005, 21 (5):  133-133.  Abstract + ( 1574 )   In this paper, the virulence of three entomogenous fungi strains (B-99, Pfu02, Nr-98-1), Bt and Chlorpyrifos EC to Rhizopertha dominica and Cryptolestes minutus living in wheat were tested. The result shows as follows: The Bt-1 WP has strong virulence to this two pest species. LD50 to R.dominica is 15.75ug/g, which of C. minutus is 8.06ug/g. The highest mortality is only 55% when the two pest species were treated with three entomogenous fungi strains in three days later; the result indicates that the virulence of three fungi strains to the two pest species are poor. The suffocating effects of 48% Chlorpyrifos to the two pest species are good, the death rates of R.dominica and C. minutus reached 100.0 percent at the density of 0.80ml/L.

  Comparison on Methods of Extracting Volatile Oil From Zanthorylum Bungeanum Maxim Guo Hongxiang, Zhang Huizhen, Yuan Chao, Wang Juan, Zhang Jiayun, Li Zaishan 2005, 21 (5):  141-141.  Abstract + ( 1630 )   The article compared supercritical CO2 extraction with common extraction(steam distillation extraction),putting emphasis on extraction efficiency, extraction time, extract composition and its colour. The results showed that supercritical CO2 extraction not only have high automation and ability of extraction,but also can extact selectively. So it was more suitable to extract temperature-sensitive and oxidizative matter, and supercritical CO2 extraction can be extensively applied in the development of volatile oil from Zanthorylum bungeanum Maxim.

  New Method Extraction Swainsonine from Oxytropis Kansuensis Li Qinfan,Wang Jianhua, Liu Zhibin, Pu Peng 2005, 21 (5):  143-143.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   1.5kg the Oxytropis Kansuensis powder was extracted by hot water and the liquid was extracted with butanol. Then its adjusted pH to 7.0 and reclaimed butanol. The residue was mixed with silicon dioxide that was extracted with chloroform to remove minimum polarity impurity. In the end, the residue was extracted by ammoniac chloroform, collected ammoniac chloroform phase, vaporized the solvent, sublimated the residue and obtained 7.5mg white needles crystal. The crystal was detected by TLC, which appeared the same dot shape, color and Rf as the standard swainsonine. The chemical structures were identified as swainsonine by means of MP and IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR..

  Study on the Protective Function of Phosphate Buffer to Sulphurous Acid harm Han Yang, Cheng Jingbo, Wang Xiaoxi 2005, 21 (5):  146-146.  Abstract + ( 1448 )   The phosphate buffer (1/15mol/L，pH 7.7 ) can decrease the harmful action of sulphurous acid to the wheat and sorghum seedlings. The test proved that the phosphate buffer had protective function to sulphurous acid harm. After wheat and sorghum seedlings were treated with the phosphate buffer, the root activities , proline content and solubility sugar content of seedlings were increased. The protective effect of phosphate buffer to sorghum seedlings was bigger than to wheat seedlings; besides the protective effect of phosphate buffer was different along with different ways of dealing with. Spraying the leaves was more effective than watering roots with phosphate buffer.

  Advance in the Study of Nitrate and Nitrite Determination in Vegetables Xu Xia, Ying Xinghua, Duan Binwu, Chen Neng 2005, 21 (5):  149-149.  Abstract + ( 1717 )   The progresses on study of the method for nitrate and nitrite determination in vegetables are reviewed with 31 references. The mechanisms of determination, quantitative analysis and effect factors are discussed. The results show that ion chromatography seems to be one of the most effective and simple to determine nitrite and nitrate in vegetables owing to its high sensitivity, selectivity, rapidity and simplicity coupled with the advantage of simultaneous determinations.

  Study on the Stability of Red Pigment from Rubia Cordifolial Fruit Tian Chunlian , Zhu Jiongbo, Tang Chunyi, Tan Haifeng 2005, 21 (5):  153-153.  Abstract + ( 1428 )   This text is in the illumination to its Rubia Cordifolia L. pigment, temperature, dissolving, acid sealing, the characteristics in many aspects, such as food additive, etc. have carried on systemic research.The result shows: Rubia Cordifolia L. pigment apt to dissolve on water and have strong one acidproof and alkaline able to bear personning who reduce , able to bear personning who oxidize and able to bear all.

  Endangered Mechanism and Conservative Strategies of Dwarf Peony Yao Lianfang, Zhao Yipeng 2005, 21 (5):  156-156.  Abstract + ( 1350 )   Dwarf peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. Var. spontanea Rehd) is an endangered species in China. The population naturally distributes in the adjacent areas between Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan provinces. There is limited number in the population and the population type, morphological characteristics, growth habits and endangered situation has not been well documented. This paper analyzes its endangering mechanism in the light of natural environmental factors and artificial influences, proposes effective approaches of conservation, including establishment of natural reserve and propagation site. This study provides a important example for protecting endangered species in China and effective utilization of these valuable and endangered plant species

  The Total Flavon Extraction From Fruits, Branchs, Leaves of the Koelreuteria paniculate Laxm and it,s Content Determination Tang Chunyi, Din Wen, Gao Zhongsong 2005, 21 (5):  159-159.  Abstract + ( 1480 )   By application of L9(34) orthgonal test and Soxhlet extraction, the total flavon was extracted from fruits,buanchs, leaves of the K. paniculate Laxm. Compared with the two extraction methods, the MAE is suited to the total flavon extracting, and the opimization extracting technique conditions are microwave treatment 1 min.、water bathing 10 min under 60℃ and proportion of solid to liquid in 1:20. The content of total flavon , which extracted from fruits, branches and leaves of the K.paniculate Laxm and determinted with the NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH coloration system by spectrophotometry at 510nm, were 1.78%、0.27% and 0.45% respectively. The content of total flavon, which extracted from three gathering period time (months of 9, 10, 11of 2003) had been determined and the results were 0.71%、1.78% and 2.70% respectively, shown significant incrreasing tendency within fruit ripening .

  A Study on the Resistance Strains of Sweet Cherry Rootstock to the Crown Gall Disease Zhao Yanjie 2005, 21 (5):  164-164.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   The resistance of ten strains of sweet cherry rootstock to the crown gall disease was surveyed．The results showed that the susceptibility of different strains differed obviously．The resistance of short cherry of Laiyang was the highest. Inoculative experiments showed that ten strains of sweet cherry rootstock were all infected, but the time of being infected was different.

  Analysis of Yield Components and Study on the Culture Techniques of High Yield for the Hybrid Rice-Ⅱyouhang 1 Lin Yuqi, Rai Mingdian, Zhang Dongsong, Hu Qibin, Xie Huaan 2005, 21 (5):  166-166.  Abstract + ( 1729 )   The effects of the factors（panicle number per hectare, spikelet number and seed setting percentage）on yield and the interaction among these factors have been defined through analyzing the yield of youhang 1.The analysis result show that the effect of panicle number per hectare on the yleld of youhang 1 is the greatest; spikelet number and seed setting percentage doesn’t have much effect on the yield of youhang 1.A culture techniques for the hybrid rice youhang 1 was studied by the method of quadratic regression rotation design. Five influential elements for the culture techniques were density of pp333(x1) ,planting stage(x2),planting density(x3),quantities of nitrogen(x4) and potassium(x5).The regression models of five elements with yield were established. Results showed that main agronomic practices for yield were density of pp333, planting stage，planting density and nitrogen amount. After simulated screening and optimal selection by computer,the high yield cuture techniques were 718.7~783.1 mg/kg pp333, transplanting on July10~12,as 255200~267800 hills per hm2 , 166.8~176.5 kg N per hm2 and 122.5~134.1 kg K2O per hm2.

  Effect of No-tillage on the Root Activity and Yield Characters in Rice Huang Guoqin, Huang Xiaoyang, Zhang Zhaofei, Liu Longwang, Zhang Xiufu, Gao Wangsheng 2005, 21 (5):  170-170.  Abstract + ( 1555 )   The comparative experiments were conducted to study the effect of different tillage methods in root activities and yield characters. The results showed that the root activity of rice plants in the no-tillage treatment increased by 7.4%~34.9%, the ratio of dry-matter in different stages to that of yellow maturity stage was bigger, the effective spikes, filled grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and actual yield were increased separately by 1.1%, 5.1%, 0.6% and 10% than early rice cultivated in conventional paddy. The correlation coefficient between the activity of root system of early rice, dry-matter and the yield were bigger individually than 0.9 and 0.87.

  The Prospect of Utilizing Induced Mutations in Improvement Tropical and Subtropical Maize Chang Shenghe, Shu Haiyan, Qin Guangyong, Huang Qunce, Chen Yanhui 2005, 21 (5):  174-174.  Abstract + ( 1461 )   Maize was main feed, industrial materials and food crop in China. But the per unit area yield has not been improved in the last ten years. That the breeding base was too narrow was one important reason. Introduction tropical and subtropical maize into the maize breeding of the temperate zone was one important way to solve this problem. But the photoperiod sensitivity of the tropical and subtropical maize blocked this process. Induced mutations can play important roles getting over this obstacle. The problems existed were also discussed.

  Breeding of High-yield and Double-low Rapeseed Hybrid (Brassica napus L.) Chuanyou No.33 Pu Xiaobin,, Jiang Liangcai , Zhang Jinfang, Li Haojie, Zhang Qixing 2005, 21 (5):  177-177.  Abstract + ( 1544 )   Chuanyou No.33, a double-low and high-yield CMS rapeseed hybrid ( Brassica napus L.), whose former name was ZA-9, was developed from JA8( double-low POL CMS system ) × JR8( a double-low restorer ). Chuanyou No.33 showed great hybrid superiority. The cultivar possessed the characteristics of desired agronomic quality, double-low, high yield, high oil content, early maturity, wide adaptability and acceptable resistance( tolerance ) to virus and S. sclerotiorum. In the regional tests of Sichuan, the average yield of Chuanyou No.33 was 2350.5 kg/hm2, which outyielded the control Shuza No.6 by 12.58% in 2003, with a high significance. The average yield of Chuanyou No.33 was 2314.5 kg/hm2, which outyielded the control Shuza No.6 by 9.98% in 2004, with a high significance. In the five-regional productive test , the average yield of Chuanyou No.33 was 2200.5 kg/hm2, which outyielded the control Shuza No.6 by 16.2% in 2003-2004, with a high significance . In hybrid seed F1, its erucic acid content was 0.1% in oil, glucosinolates content was 22.89 μmol/g in meal, and oil content was 40.81% in dry base. In commodity seed F2, its erucic acid content was 1.02% in oil, glucosinolates content was 27.82 μmol/g in meal, and oil content was 39% in dry base. Its resistance (tolerance) to virus and S. sclerotiorum was very stronger. The growth period of Chuanyou No.33 was 215 days, which was 1~2 days shorter than Shuza No.6, averagely. It was released by Sichuan Crop Variety Approval Committee in October 2004 and recommended to be the main popularized variety in Sichuan province.

  小麦；单株性状；选择指标；群体产量 The Selection Criteria of Single Plant Traits for Wheat High Farmland Yield 2005, 21 (5):  181-181.  Abstract + ( 1291 )   (College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100)

  The Review of the Zero-tillage research Chen Junsheng, Chen Fu, Yuan Lijuan, HuGe.Jiletu Chen Junsheng, Chen Fu, Zhang Hailin, HuGe.Jiletu 2005, 21 (5):  184-184.  Abstract + ( 1504 )   The Zero-tillage is a practical technology in china and played a very important role to sustainable agriculture development. The article introduces the definition, principle, function and history, development of zero-tillage, conclude the discusses of Zero-illage system on soil water content, soil temperature physics, soil chemistry, soil micro-biomass and crops growth, development, yield, benefit: In Zero-tillage system, soil water evaropation was reduced by crops straw so water content was increased, that was good to crops growth; Soil temperatures was decreased by crops straw, especially in spring, that made serious problem in crops growth. At the same time, In Zero-tillage system, soil construction and account and activision of soil micro-biomass were relative stabilize, that benefited increasing nutrient utilization radio and crops growing. At the yield and benefit aspects, zero-tillage system benefit increasing yield, especially increasing benefit.

  Breeding Research on New High-yielding and Low-temperature Resistant Japonica Variety Bijing 41 in Southwest Mountain-area of Guizhou Yu Benxun, Zhang Shilong, Zhang Yulong, Gu Shangjing, Luo Hongfa 2005, 21 (5):  191-191.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   Using target-parent selection and directive single-plant breeding, new high-yielding and low-temperature resistant japonica variety Bijing 41 was breed by Bijie district agriculture institute of Guizhou to counter ecological conditions and rice cultivation production reality of high-altitude and low-temperature mountain area in northwest Guizhou. It increased yield with 8.34% than the contrast Bijing 37 in japonica cultivars regional trail of Guizhou and increased yield with 11.58% than the contrast Bijing 37 in japonica cultivars production trail of Guizhou. Its whole growing period is about 170d,plant height is 95.0~105.0cm, effective panicles is about 292.5 myriad/hm2, mean grains per panicle is 110~140, seed setting rate is above 85% and 1000-grain weight is 26~28g. Rice quality measure analysis showed that Bijing 41 is a low amylose soft rice variety. It was examined and approved by the crops variety examine and approve committee on July in 2003.

  Studies on Roots and Leaves Characteristics of different populations under System of Rice Intensification after Flowering Stage in Hybrid Rice Zeng Xiang, Zhang Yuzhu, Tu Naimei, Xiao Guoying, Zhou Lijun, Xie Jianhong 2005, 21 (5):  193-193.  Abstract + ( 1348 )   The root and photosynthesis physiological characteristics of different populations of two hybrid rice Honglianyou 6 and Liangyou 1193 after flowering stage under SRI were studied. Results showed that root density was higher in small population than those of lager population, but converse to the root activity. The chlorophyll contents of flag leaf were not different at flowering stage, but which was significantly higher than that of in low yield population, so the range of reduction per days was small in high yield population. The net photosynthesis rate of flag leaf in high yield population also was significantly higher than that of low yield population in reproductive stage. The yield superiority might result from its enhancement of physical activity of plant favorable to the grain development in reproductive stage

  Studies on Technique in Produce Wheat of Enriched Selenium Song Jiayong,Zhang Wanye,Wang Yonghua,Yin Jun 2005, 21 (5):  197-197.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   It is a new agriculture technique of green health care that produces the ideal natural wheat of enriched selenium by application of the rich selenium product, a the national invention patent (ZL96107830.8). Processing various natural food of enriched selenium with the wheat makes the selenium enter the food chain and supply a deficiency of selenium for human body safely, conveniently and economically, thus raise the healthy level of the mankind. In order to produce the wheat of enriched selenium, the influence of selenium liquid fertilizer on grain selenium content was studied by a way of spraying liquid selenium on the leaf faces in stages of the nodding and early and middle stages of grain filling. The results show: content of selenium of wheat grain is almost three times higher than control.

  The New Varieties Selection of Mung Bean Series Li Cuiyun, Liu Quangui, Cao Qicong, Zhang Shihe, Li Chengjun, Liu Huatang, Fu Chun 2005, 21 (5):  200-200.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   Since 1985, we have selected the high produce, superior quality, precocious, strong anti-negative, wide adaptability, especial characteristic mung bean series, which were LuLV No.1, WeiLV No.1 and WeiLV No.4, making use of system breeding and crossbreeding. They increase d production above 30% at the province district and produces experiment. Protein content is 27.7%~27.9%. The summer sows to expect 60~70 days. Solved successfully the antinomy of high produce, superior quality and precocious. Carried out the renewal of the mung bean varieties.

  Development and Prospect for the Farming in Dry Land Covers Technical Research and Using Liu Yongzhong, Zhang Keqiang, Wang Genquan, Li Qixia, Shun Wanrong, Zhai Yong 2005, 21 (5):  202-202.  Abstract + ( 1550 )   The original introduce and discuss five kinds of cover means and technique of grit stone、earth stratum、straw、plastic sheeting、the chemistry cover awaits、the effect of the earth environment、the crop’s growth and development and increasing production after be covered. Propose the research direction and emphasis of the farming in dry land covers technique: New solution plastic sheeting’s researching and using; The straw plastic sheeting compose the cover means and technique to be researched and spreaded; The new chemistry covers stuff development together with application.

  The Impedmient Factors of High Yield and Fine Quality and The Planting Countermeasure of Japomica Hybrid Rice in South Henan Song Shizhi, Duan Bin, He Shijie 2005, 21 (5):  206-206.  Abstract + ( 1549 )   This paper reported the research result of the writer:The main impedmient factors of high yield and fine quality of Japonica Hybrid Rice in South Henan is the high temperation beget the power of grain hilling descended and the grain quality impaired; the high temperation and high humidity in the heeding time beget the Rice Blast and Sheath Bligh dieased heavy and the third generation of Yellow Sterm Borer endanger the plant heavy. Delay the seeding time and the heeding time can improve the environment in the heeding of Japonica Hybrid Rice ,this Planting Countermeasure eliminated the impedient factors, and validated by field trial.

  The Effects of Saline Condition on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Suaeda salsa Li Cunzhen,, Liu Xiaojing, Yang Yanmin, Liu Chunyu 2005, 21 (5):  209-209.  Abstract + ( 1628 )   The seed of Suaeda salsa was treated with different concentration of natural soil salt solution, Na2SO4 and NaCl ,salinity from 0、0.2、0.4、0.6、1.2、1.8、2.8、3.6g/100ml .The germination percentage and growth status of scion and radicle were determined. After removing the stress , the response of the seed and seedling were also observed. The results showed that stronger adaptation of Suaeda salsa to the saline environment were approved. It could bear higher salt stress. The inhibition to the seed germination was NaCl> natural soil salt solution >Na2SO4.With the increasing of salts, the germination percentage had different decrease. After removing the salt stress, the seed of Suaeda salsa still had higher ability to germination. The speed and the orderliness of germination were also improved. The scion and radicle had different response to the salts, and the salt concentrations had more influence on the radicle. After being tempered by the salt, the ability of growing of the seedling was improved.

  Wide Application of DPC Technique in Cotton Culture System in Shaanxi Section Wang Junfeng 2005, 21 (5):  213-213.  Abstract + ( 1136 )   This paper introduced wide application and devehpment of DPC regulation measure in cotton cultural technological system in Guan zhong cotton section since 1983 year to 2001 year. According to statistical data, the exploited rate of DPC and the accumulated application areas of DPC reached to 90% at present from past 65% and 112.7×104hm2. Mean yield and Lint increased by 12.1% and 8126×103kg, total profit and the ratio expenditure to profit reached to ￥8.16×108 and 1 divided by 25 to 40. The statistical data indicated that whenever DPC regulation measure was applied in cotton planting, it could all increased yield, However, optimum used duration of DPC regulation measure was following: firstly, DPC, 7.5g to 12g per hm2, was sprayed when cotton grew into 7 leaves or 8 leaves; secondly DPC, 22.5g to 37.5g per hm2, when cotton 15 leaves or 16 leaves; finally, DPC, 45g to 75g per hm2, when tenth days that the most top of cotton tree was cut. The reasons why DPC regulation measure could increase yield had many factors. It could descend down plant height from 100cm to 85cm and make densities increase form 4000 plants to 9×104 to 9.7×104 plants. So cotton bolls increased 9.1%. on the basis of data analysed, the author put forward the important faction of the technology of DPC regulation measure combined with tradition agronomic cultural technologies.

  The Influence of Shadings on Resistant Substance in Coptis chinensis Franch Yin Li, Wang Sangen, Chen Shijiang, Zhong Guoyue 2005, 21 (5):  216-216.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   Coptis chinensis Franch of 3,4 and 5-age years were given treatments with 5 levels of shading intensities 0, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%.The result showed that the most suitable shadings for Coptis chinensis franch of 3,4 and 5-age years are 60%, 45%,0.The same shading influence remarkably the resistant substance of different-age of 3,4 and 5-age years The experiment can provide theory guidance for production.

  Study on the Relative Biochemical Mechanism Induced by Salicylic Acid Against Phytophthora capsici in Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Mao Aijun, Wang Yongjian, Feng Lanxiang, Geng Sansheng, Xu Yong 2005, 21 (5):  219-219.  Abstract + ( 1732 )   The variation in the relative enzymes activities and lignin content in leaves and stems/roots of four hot pepper seedlings induced by SA and after challenge inoculation with Phytophthora capsici were studied. The results shows that the lignin content and activities of PPO, POD and PAL in four hot pepper lines treated with 0.225g/L SA were increased compared with untreated plants, and the lignin content had a significant positive correlation with varietal resistance of pepper to P capsici. The lignin content and activities of PPO, POD and PAL in pepper seedlings by SA-treatment were much higher than that in untreated control after challenge inoculation with P capsici, and this kind of increment came more rapid and earlier in the resistant and tolerant pepper lines than in susceptible and high susceptible ones. After challenge inoculation, the lignin content was also significantly positively correlated with the disease resistance in SA-treated pepper plants, which suggested that the variation of lignin level, PPO, POD and PAL activities corresponded well with the induced resistance against P capsici in pepper plants by SA-treatment.

  Recent Advances of Catalase in Organism Liu Bing, Liang Chanjuan 2005, 21 (5):  223-223.  Abstract + ( 1852 )   As one kind of oxidases, catalases can be found in almost all animals, plants and microorganisms.Catalases can catalyse the decomposition of the cellular hydrogen-peroxide and thus protect membrane lipid against peroxidation. Based on reviewing enzyme types and structure, this paper introduces the applications on food and dairy industry, paper pulp and paper making industry, environmental protection and so on.

  Response of Physiological-biochemical Characters of Sweet Pepper Seedlings Cui Xiumin,，Wang Xiufeng，Xu Heng 2005, 21 (5):  225-225.  Abstract + ( 1439 )   Some physiological-biochemical characters were investigated when sweet pepper potting seedlings were exposed to different degree water stress and rewatering. The main results were as follows: the lower RWC in media, the lower osmotic potential and saturated osmotic potential, but the higher osmotic adjustment and injury degree as well. The activity of POD、SOD、CAT increased with the decreasing moisture content. Of the above three defense enzymes, SOD was the most sensitive to water stress. Whereas after rewatering, probably it was POD and CAT that were mainly responsible for eliminating H2O2 and peroxides. Free amino acid and proline could principally play osmotic role under earlier light stress, accumulating sharply under water stress, yet rapidly reduced after rewatering. Soluble protein and soluble sugar obviously accumulated until RWC reduced to 45%, a little later than amino acid, and that they seemed to play osmotic role when relatively serious stress during later period. Although water stress could make protective enzymes activity and osmotic adjustment promote, but any stress would inevitably damage seedlings. Therefore, considering long-distance transportation and high-quality seedlings production, 2~3days stress hardening was more appropriate.

  The Leaf Age Regulation and Application of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino Zhao Yu, Wang Peixiang, Zou Fangping, Xiao Yaping 2005, 21 (5):  230-230.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   The study was focused on the leaf age regulation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb)Makino. The results show that there was an apparent positive correlation between the increase of leaf age and the content of saponins. And harvesting dates of G.pentaphyllum is after 400-leaf age. Using of this exterior index can carry through science management to the plant of G.pentaphyllum, which method is simple and easy to do, and have effective practical value to actual production

  The Progress on the Pigmentation of the Testa in Arabidopsis thaliana Wan Huafang, Liang Ying 2005, 21 (5):  233-233.  Abstract + ( 1629 )   Flavonoids are responsible for the testa color of Arabidopsis thaliana. The biosynthesis process of flavonoids is influenced by many types of genes. Some of the genes act as structure genes (such as TT4,,TT5, TT6, TT7, FLS1, TT3, LDOX and BAN); Some of them encode enzyme as regulating genes (TT1, TT2, TT8, TTG1, TTG2 and TT16);others encode transfering proteins (TT12, TT19). Mutation of one or more of them can influence the biosynthesis of flavonoids causing the varation of the testa of Arabidopsis thaliana. This review deals with the variation of testa luster as well as the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana .

  Advances in Researches on Phytochrome Liu Quanwei, He yun, Qi Shengli, Wang Chengzhang, Chen Jihong, Pan Junliang, Wang Yanhua 2005, 21 (5):  237-237.  Abstract + ( 1769 )   The paper has summarized surveys and advances in research on phytochrome since 1920s’ it was discovered, including as follows:(1) Phytochrome plays important roles in the process of plant growth as main photoreceptors which regulate plant growth from seed germination to organ decrepitude;(2)There are five different genotypes of phytochrome, gene homologies and main reaction modes,especially distinguishing on reaction modes of molecular genes PhyA and PhyB of phytochrome; (3)It expatiated physiological functions of phytochromes at biochemistry and molecular level which included regulating on cell developments of phytochromes, how to regulate growth and blossom by regulating photoperiod reactions, gene expression regulations and synergistic effects on plant growth and fertility of phytochrome and plant hormone et cetera;(4)Although people have hardly studied effects on alfalfa fall dormancy of phytochrome and plant hormone so far, this paper brought forward prospects of research at this aspect.

  A long-term Study of the Effects of Temperature and Bright on the Nutrition Growth of Different Types of Rice Chen Enqian 2005, 21 (5):  242-242.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   To study the accelerating effects that temperature and light have on the nutritional growth of rice through a three-year experiment of sowing rice by stage. The findings shows that nutritional growth of rice is mainly affected by effective accumulated temperatures, an accumulated temperature of 15~25℃ and sunshine time .

  Preliminary Comparative Research of the Photosynthetic Characteristics in Tobacco Plants of Different Varieties Wang Shaoxian,,, Li Zaijun, Wang Xueyun, Xia Shitou, Wang Yong, Kuang Fengchun, Xiao Langtao, Zhou Jiheng 2005, 21 (5):  245-245.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   （1Changde Cigerette Factory,Changde 415000；2Key laboratory of Phytohormones, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128；3The Tobacco Engineering Center of Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha 410128）

  Effect of Different Organic Acids on Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Liu Shiliang, Yang Zhenmin, Hua Dangling, Jie Xiaolei,, Li Youtian 2005, 21 (5):  248-248.  Abstract + ( 1403 )   This paper studied the effects of different organic acids on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, nutrients content and accumulation of flue-cured tobacco by the method of water-culture. The results showed that organic acids could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, increase the content of leaves chlorophyll, the activities of nitrate reductase, invertase, amylase of leaves and root activities, reduce the content of MDA in flue-cured tobacco. Organic acids could also increase the accumulation of N, P, K in flue-cured tobacco. But effects of different kind organic acids was difference, malic acid, citric acid and lactic acid was better than that of benzoic acid and humic acid.

  The Fertile Culture Physiology Study of Zheng’dan14, Zheng’dan8 and Zheng’dan98 Wang Chunhu, Cheng Shiling, Zhao Xiliang, Li Gousheng 2005, 21 (5):  253-253.  Abstract + ( 1261 )   Corn Zheng’dan number14, Corn Zheng’dan number18,Corn Zheng’dan number21 and Corn Zheng’dan number958 are compactness vertical leaf new variety utilized to popularize to use in recent years. From crop physiological biochemistry, of type characteristic, etc to study, Corn Zheng’dan number14 is the high yield, produce steadily, and early-maturing. Its reasons are：(1) The change of, Index of area of the leaf is reasonable, blade hold green long, and become old Slowly. (2) The only shut the pigment of chloroplast; protein and soluble candy are high. (3) Peroxide enzyme activation is high. Third 2 aldehyde is little, photosynthesis is high. (4) The seed grains of heavy volume is high, the time of forming a vesicle is long, a thousand is heavy and high.

  The Research Progresses on the Relationship Between Endogenous Phytohormones and Development in Rapeseed Shui Hongxia, Niu Yingze, Tang Tianze 2005, 21 (5):  257-257.  Abstract + ( 1359 )   The development of rapeseed is regulated by endogenous phytohormones. Gibberellins play important roles in the floral initiation. Auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid contents also affect male sterility. In the development of pods and seeds, auxin level is closely related to sink strength, cytokinin level partly determines the final pod number, abscisic acid level is related to seed maturation. During dormancy of seeds, abscisic acid plays an important part. In this paper, the research progresses on the effects of endogenous phytohormones to the development in rapeseed were reviewed.

  Comparative Study on Two Root Sampling Methods and Winter Wheat Root Distribution in Soil Profile Mao Zhenqiang,, Yu Zhenrong, Liu Yunhui, Zhang Kefeng 2005, 21 (5):  261-261.  Abstract + ( 1882 )   Root biomass of winter wheat in 0~30 cm and 0~100 cm soil layers was studied using root core and dig sampling method. It was found that the root core method was superior to the other with three sampling position was: 1) within the rows, 2) between the rows and 3) in an intermediate position, i.e. with one edge of the core touching the row. Wheat root biomass reaches the peak as 2.5~3.5 t/hm2 at the head sprouting stage, and is about 2.0 t/hm2 at mature stage. Root biomass under serious nitrogen shortage, water shortage and saline water irrigation conditions are generally smaller than that under feasible conditions. With salt, nitrogen and water stress, the ratio of root biomass in deep soil compartment is generally higher than free from these stress factors. But the average root biomass for each ear is, however, not necessary less than that under feasible condition. And it was even 1.5 to 2.0 times as much as those under feasible condition for wheat growth under serious nitrogen shortage condition. And it was found that root biomass in a 10 cm thickness soil compartment was about half of that in the adjacent upper compartment. As a result, the total root biomass of winter wheat could be expressed as , in which R represents the total root biomass (t/hm2), and the y1 represent the root in the 0-10 cm soil compartment.

  The Applied Efficiency of Potassium Fertilizer on Summer Maize in Chao Soil of Northern of He Nan Zhao Shicheng, Liu Xinhong, Han Yanlai, Wang Yilun, Tan Jinfang, 2005, 21 (5):  266-266.  Abstract + ( 1687 )   The efficiency of applied Potassium fertilizer and the reasonable amount of applied Potassium fertilizer on summer maize of high yield alluvial soil of Henan was studied by field trial. The results showed，that applied Potassium fertilizer can decrease the ear height and improve the plant height, ear length, hundred grains weight to enhance the ability of the maize resisting stress and improve the properties of yield structure, and maize yield increased with the increasing amount of applied Potassium fertilizer. But the yield of the high potassium treatment become slower, its economic profit is lower. The amount of potassium constructed of 150kg/hm2 is comparatively reasonable on the high fertility alluvial soil soil.

  Preliminary Report on the Effect of the Potassium on Hybrid Maize in Jianghuai Region Wang Yunqing, Liu Ying, Kuang Jing, Guo Xisheng 2005, 21 (5):  269-269.  Abstract + ( 1480 )   The results of the experiment indicated that Hybrid Maize could obtain the highest yields and the best economic performances as K application was 150.0 kg/hm2. The highest yield of Hybrid Maize reached 7065 kg/hm2 and increased by 9.9% than CK. The income was raised about 892 yuan/hm2 and the value cost ratio reached 2.2. The results also showed that potassium content in the soil decreased and cannot keep balance when the K was applicated under 150.0kg/hm2.

  Effects of Long-term Located Fertilization on Water Holding and Humus Constitution of the Non-calcareous Fluro-aquic Soil Liu Shutang, Han Xiaori, Yao Yuanxi, Sui Fanggong 2005, 21 (5):  272-272.  Abstract + ( 1450 )   This experiment was done in the 26 years fixed position experiment of non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil during the year of 2003，12 treatments were designed: CK、N1、N2、M1、M1N1、M1N2、M2、M2N1、M2N2、NPK、NP and NK. The soil water holding and humus constitution were studied. The results indicated that: soil porosity of every fertilization treatment in the depth of 0~20cm soil were all higher than that of check, the treatment of using organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer were 11.49%~19.24% times higher than check, the soil water content was positively related to soil porosity (r=0.7076*). Combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer can increase organic-C, humic acid-C,Fulvic acid-C,humic-C. Application of organic fertilizer (contain 18.4kg N) and combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (contain 18.4kg N) were 73.45%, 198.58%, 140.85% and 39.35% times than that of the treatment of non- application of organic fertilizer. Application organic fertilizer for long time can improve the content of humus, and inorganic fertilizer can enhance the content of Fulvic acid, decrease the content of humic acid. From above A combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can improve soil physics properties and the ability of soil available nutrients and water-holding capacity.

  Influence of Different Fertilizer Combinations on Quality and Yield of Soybean Variety Hefeng47 with High-oil Content Wu Xiuhong 2005, 21 (5):  275-275.  Abstract + ( 1250 )   Influence tests of different fertilizer combinations on oil and protein content, as well as yield of soybean variety hefeng47 with high-oil content were carried out .The result were that treatments B,C, E,G, H, I can increase its oil content, treatments D, E, F, G, H, I can increase its protein content, treatments C, D, F, G, H can increase its yield, and some treatments can increase its pods per plant, seeds per plant, and Weight of 100 seeds .

  Selection of Organic Ecotype Soilless Culture Media for Color Paper Guo Tuqiang 2005, 21 (5):  278-278.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   This paper took color paper as trial sample and cinder, mushroom residue, saw dust, rice residue and sand as media. By using sterilized organic fertilizer to replace chemical nutrition liquid, organic ecotype soilless cultivation was conducted and the similar circle arrangement method was used in the experiment. 8 medium formulas and 2 fertilizer formulas were tested during the growth of muskmelon to compare and analyses their influence. The result indicated that soilless culture was better than soil culture. The growth of the trial sample enhanced apparently on the medium of A1B1 (1 cinder and 3 mushroom residue, and 5 kg cotton dust and 5 kg muck per m3). The second favorite medium was A6B1 (2 cinder, 6 mushroom residue, 1 rice dust, 1 saw dust, and 5kg cotton residue and 5kg muck per m3).

  The Influences of Microbial Fertilizers on Nutrients Uptake of Pepper and Changes of Soil Nutrients Zhu Xiaoping, Wang Wenpo, Liu Wei, Gao Shuguo, Hou Dongjun 2005, 21 (5):  281-281.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   Pepper pot experiments were conducted together with the application of different microorganism and residue of mushroom medium in a glass greenhouse to study the influences of microbial manures (microorganisms + residue of mushroom medium) on pepper yield，nutrient uptake and soil nutrients by measuring yield of pepper, and by determining changes of soil alkaline hydrolysis N, available P ，available K contents and total N, P, K contents of pepper plant after harvesting. The results indicated that microbial manures increased pepper yield and were conducive to improvement of soil fertility and total N, P, K contents of pepper plant. Treatment 3（M+ residue of mushroom medium）had the best effects among all the microbial treatments.

  Research Advance on Effect of Orchard Green Covering on Soil Properties Xi Zhumei, Li Hua, Liu Yanlin, Zhang Zhenwen 2005, 21 (5):  284-284.  Abstract + ( 1450 )   The effects of orchard green cover on soil fertility and physical characteristics, such as organic matter, mineral nutrition, enzyme activity, pH value, water content and physical characters were reviewed in this paper. The researches of this field in the future are also suggested.

  Early Results of Cropland Soil Orientation Inspect in Qunzhou Sheng Jinshou 2005, 21 (5):  288-288.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   The result showed that soil basis fertility had slowly decreased on the condition of continual no fertilizer applied by time going with the analysis of five cropland continual orientation inspect in qunzhou city from 1999 to 2003. Contrast to inspect before, organic matter and content of total N had increased a litter as well as alkali N content decreased in cropland soil of inspect spot fertilizer area. The range of available P was high in the state of surplus accumulation as well as available K content decreased remarkably in the state of low content show that soil nutrient balance, N, P content was surplus as K content was absent seriously. The structure of fertilizer application was unbalance, organic fertilizer application decreased as fertilizer application increased step year by step year, the ratio of N, P, K was unbalance.

  Effect of the Varieties and Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrate Accumulation in Rape Han Dechang, Chen Yan, Guan Lianzhu, Wang Lei,Yan Li 2005, 21 (5):  292-292.  Abstract + ( 1451 )   The results showed that supplying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the nitrate accumulation in rape sharply, and Rape’s nitrate accumulation increased with fertilization increasing. According to ether of the two Nitrogen Fertilizer rates: supplying Rape with Ammonium nitrate, rape’s Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA) was restrained strongly, so rape’s nitrate accumulation was very high; while supplying Rape with Urea, rape’s nitrate accumulation was comparatively low because their NRA was comparatively strong. When Rape supplied with Calcium nitrate, though nitrogen fertilizer provided was in form of NO3- totally and rape’s NRA was not strong enough, its nitrate accumulation was lower than that with the supplying of Ammonium nitrate because of the influence of Calcium. If Ammonium Sulfate supplied, when the supplying rate was lower, Rape’s nitrate accumulation was lower than any one of the rest lower nitrogen treatments ; while the rate was higher, its nitrate accumulation was comparatively high.

  The Preliminary Report on The Applied Result of Trichderma on the Vegetables Liu Feng, Jiang Like, He Chuanlong, Wang Daozhong, Luo Man, Liang Huajun 2005, 21 (5):  295-295.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   Spraying zymolitic liquid of Trichderma in cabbage and cucumber in Shajiang black soil of Huaibei area, the results showed that applied Trichderma can promote vegetable growth, the grow properties of cabbage and cucumber have been obviously improved, and the yield obviously increased too. Comparing two kinds of farm crop, the increasing potential of cucumber is larger. Cucumber and cabbage’s output value have been increased in different degree when applied Trichderma. The result of increasing yield and income of cucumber should more obvious than cabbage. It is best that applied Trichderma of high deal in cabbage, but cucumber applied low deal is best. Therefore, we suggest that amounts of zymolitic liquid of Trichderma applied in per m2, cabbage is ≥ 2ml; While which of cucumber is 1ml.

  Study on Breeding of Pumpkins Fl Hybrid ‘YonganNO 2’for Rich Cr Cheng Yongan, Zhang Enhui, Xu Zhongmin, Wang Yanni, Fu Qiaoling 2005, 21 (5):  298-298.  Abstract + ( 1402 )   ‘Yongan No 2’, an new and early-maturing pumpkin Fl hybrid was bred by college of horticulture，northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry in 2000，with crossing Cucubita maxim D. inbred line 12-97-55 as female parent with early-maturing C.maxim D. inbred 1ine T98-6-3-9 as male parent．It has vigorous plant，and high-oblate fruits with green-white skin．Its yield is about32.46t/hm2 and is 21.7％ higher than that of ‘xiao mo pan(CK)’．The new pumpkins have high nutritive matter .The Cr3+ is 6.5 times higher than that of ‘xiao mo pan(CK)’．It has been extended to Shaanxi，Gansu，Hebei etc．

  Change Character of Soil Moisture on Soil Microbe and Cucumber Yield in Greenhouse Du Sheni, Liang Yinli, Xu Fuli, Chen Zhijie 2005, 21 (5):  300-300.  Abstract + ( 1747 )   The pot experiment was conducted on the effect of soil moisture on yield of cucumber and soil microbe in a greenhouse. The results show: (1) The number of soil microbe is different in the treatment of soil moisture of cucumber. The number of bacterial in soil is the highest when soil moisture is 80%~90% field water capacity in florescent stage. The number of bacterial in soil increases when soil moisture is from low to high and decreases when soil moisture is from high to low in early-fruit stage and fruit stage. The number of bacterial in soil increases when soil moisture is from low to high and decreases when soil moisture is stable or from high to middle or from low to middle in early-fruit stage and fruit stage. The number of fungi in soil increases when soil moisture is stable or low and decreases when soil moisture is not stable or high. The number of actinomycete in soil is fewer difference in florescent stage and early-fruit stage. The number of actinomycete in soil increases in fruit stage and decreases in late-fruit stage. (2) The yield of cucumber is the highest by 389.65g / plant when soil relative moisture is 80%~90% field water capacity in florescent stage and early-fruit stage, 90%~100% field water capacity in fruit stage and 70%~80% field water capacity in late-fruit stage. Its increased yield is 27.74%、18.21%、12.51% than 70%~80% field water capacity and 80%~90% field water capacity and 90%~100% field water capacity in procreation stage.

  The Study on Delayed Viticulture of Wine Grape in Southwestern Hot-dry Valley Region Fang Yulin, Chen Shuxia, Li Hua 2005, 21 (5):  304-304.  Abstract + ( 1405 )   The research on delayed cultivating mode was done with ‘Merlot’ and ’Zinfandel’ that had been cultivated for 3 years in Xi’chang experimental vineyard in 2000.With the first growing bunch removed, shoots were pruned to 3~4 buds at 20d, 40d, 60d and 80d after the first blossoming respectively in order to force the hibernacula to sprout, and then the second fruiting were produced by hibernacula accessory shoots. The results indicated that under the delayed cultivating method; the maturity of two varieties could be postponed to 10~20 in Nov. In the treatments, the maximum data of soluble solids and total sugar appeared in the treatment 60d after blossoming. Fruit soluble solids of ‘Merlot’ and ‘Zinfandel’ reached 21.2 oBe and 20.5 oBe(CK were 17.6 oBe and 17.4 oBe)and the total sugar content enhanced 36g/L and 35g/L than that of the control respectively, but the total acid was more than CK. The juice yield decreased with treating time postponed. The maximum yield appeared in the treatment after blossoming 60d, which reached 50.7% and 45.7% of CK. The theoretic yields were about 8019kg/hm2 and 4665/hm2 respectively. The infection of fungi disease was lower than the control except the treatment of 20d. It could be concluded that under the delayed cultivating method, the quality of grape would be enhanced greatly and the maturity of the berry regulated effectively, but it made the yield decrease and prolonged the production period.

  Primary Study on Water Requirment of Tomato in Different Season in Solar Greenhouse Xu Jinxiang, Gao Lihong 2005, 21 (5):  308-308.  Abstract + ( 1646 )   Water equipment of plants is composed of plant transpiration and soil evaporation between plants. This experimentation not only studies the water requirement of tomato but also studies the relativity between water requirement of tomato and environment factors in solar greenhouse in different season. The experimentation comes out that in autumn-winter water equipment of tomato becomes less and less, but in winter-spring water equipment of tomato becomes more and more. In autumn-winter the total water equipment is 2098.95 m3/hm2, but in winter-spring the total water equipment is2789.25 m3/hm2. Among the environment factors, temperature and humidity each has the most powerful influence on plant transpiration and soil evaporation in winter-spring, but in autumn-winter the most powerful influence factor of environment on plant transpiration and soil evaporation are both light intensity.

  A Preliminary Investigation on the Species of Aphids on the Garden Plant in Hefei Li Shiguang, Lin Huafeng, Yang Chuncai, Tang Yanping, Wang Pingli 2005, 21 (5):  313-313.  Abstract + ( 1601 )   Aphids belong to Homoptera Aphidoidea, Which are one kind of the most important garden plant pests. 125 Aphid specimens are collected from the garden plant in Hefei during April and May in 2003. The results of the study show that there are 31 species of aphids on the garden plant in Hefei, belonging to 21 genera, 7 families. The causes of breaking out aphids were analyzed and the controlling countermeasures were put forward for the references of gardeners who engage in preventing aphis.

  Advance of Studies on Out-of-season Cultivating Small Watermelon in China Sun Sheng, Xing Guoming 2005, 21 (5):  316-316.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   Introduced the situation of small watermelon for out-of-season cultivation and discussed the advance of cultivating technique in detail: including planting time, varieties selection, grafting, preparations for planting, young plants transplantation, administration after planting and integrated pest management, etc in main regions all over our country.

  Influence of Defoliation on the Growth and Root Yield of Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus Ying Dongqin, Zheng Chunming 2005, 21 (5):  320-320.  Abstract + ( 1359 )   The results of the four trials to determine the effects of different defoliation treatments on radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) yield are presented in this study. Four defoliation levels of 0(control), 33, 66 and 100% were applied at 5-leaf stage. The results demonstrate that the net photoassimilate rate, root/top ratio, relative growth rate of root and leaf, and economic coefficient after defoliation was reduced, and a close relationship between yield reduction and the defoliation treatment was observed. From the results of the experiment, it is found that defoliation treatment had a significant affect on the growth and yield of radish plants.

  The Investigation of Festca arundinacea Turf Insects and their Communities in North of Henan Province Wang Yunbing, Wang Jinmei, Pan Pengliang, Yu Hao, Zhang Zhongyin 2005, 21 (5):  323-323.  Abstract + ( 1603 )   By to investigation of Festca arundinacea turf Insect comunities in main cities of North of Henan Province. The results show that these insect could be divided into 98 species belonging to 42 families within 10 orders and that there were 62 species of pests and 30 species of natural enemies and 6 species of other insects in their comunities. The dominant species of pests is differential in the various seasons: Macrosiphum avenae and Rhophalsiphum padi is dominant species in spring, Delphacidae and Laphygma exigua is dominant species in summer, Helticus minutus and Acrididae is dominant species in autumn. The dominant species of pests are main objects in IPM.

  A New Selective Medium to Be Used to Simply and Quick Isolate Verticillium dahliae in Cotton from Naturally Infested Soil Jia Tao, Yang Jiarong 2005, 21 (5):  327-327.  Abstract + ( 1294 )   A new selective medium to be used to simply and quick isolate Verticillium dahliae in cotton from naturally infested soil was introduced. The medium consisted of following ingredients per liter distilled water: leaves cotton 100g, sugar 5g, agar 11~20g, 40% PCNB 0.3g. chloramphenicol 0.05g, streptomycin 0.05g and penicillin 0.05g, pH adjusted to 6.4~7.0. The medium is simple and quick than old that. The microscclerotia V. dahliae from naturally infested soil could be effectively isolated while it was rarely infected by other pathogens. The colonies of V. dahliae on the medium were large black-colored.

  Fermentation Conditions of Antagonistic Pyriculariaoryzae Sace Strain A11 of Actinomycetes Zhang Yu, Zhang Min, Liu ming, Ye Yajun, Tu Yong 2005, 21 (5):  330-330.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   This paper reported the optimum fermentation conditions for A11,The optimum media is that made of ACSI culture with initial pH 7.2.Culturing 6 days at 28℃ and supplying oxygen 100ml/250ml is good for fermentation of the actinomyces strain. In this condition, the average inhibition zone wide of fermentation products on Pyriculariaoryzae Sace is 1.03cm and the average inhibition rate is 57.4%.

  Advances in Research of Cherry Virus Diseases Dong Wei, Song Yakun, Wu Mingqin, Wang Lin, WuYuanhua 2005, 21 (5):  332-332.  Abstract + ( 2046 )   The progress on the distribution, particle morphology, genome, detection techniques of several important cherry viruses and virus diseases were reviewed. Such as Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus(PDV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Little Cherry Virus (LChV),Cherry virus A(CVA) and Epirus cherry virus (EpCV ). Some problems and prospects in researches of cherry viruses were also discussed.

  Effect of BTH on Resistance Induction of Cucumber against Colletotrichum lagenarium Disease Wang Chenfang, Ma Qing, Du Huping，Fu Jie 2005, 21 (5):  337-337.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   The induced resistance to C. lagenarium was conducted through cucumber treated with benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methylester (BTH). The result showed that 0.05~0.7mmol/L BTH expressed different effects on induced resistance, among which the induced resistance in cucumber treated with 0.3mmol/L BTH had the best effect and the effect reached 84.94% .The third day expressed the best effect after induced, duration of the induction could remain 21 days or more. At the same time, the result also showed that BTH had induction of systemic resistance in cucumber against anthracnose. BTH had no direct inhibition to the spore germination and mycelial growth.

  Progress in Research of Chestnut Blight Guo Shibao, Xu Ruifu, Lu Mingtao 2005, 21 (5):  339-339.  Abstract + ( 1414 )   Chestnut blight was one of the most notable diseases of forest on the world, which almost kill out the American chestnut tree only as an example for pathogen attacking its host. For that reason, chestnut blight has been attached high importance by breeding expert and phytopathologist in recent 100 years, and about it’s origin, distribution, disease cycle, virulence differentiation and integral management et al were summarized in this article.

  Effect of Extracts from Pt on CMV, PVYN and Insect Vector Shen Jianguo, Xie Liyan, Zhang Zhengkun, Xie Lianhui, Lin Qiying 2005, 21 (5):  341-341.  Abstract + ( 1515 )   The extracts of Pt were evaluated for biological activity against CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus), PVYN (Potato virus YN) and Myzus pesicae (Suzer). The results were as follows: VT1 had high antiviral effect on CMV and PVYN. The inhibition rate of VT1(1mg/ml) for CMV and PVYN was 91.6% and 96.2% respectively. VT1 showed strong contact action against Myzus pesicae (Suzer) and the LC50 value of 24h and 48h was 1.953 mg/ml, 0.8125mg/ml respectively. The CHCl3 fraction was found as the most active part for contact action against Myzus pesicae (Suzer). VT1 also exhibited repellency and systemic activity, but no obvious fumigation activity against Myzus pesicae (Suzer).

  Analysis on the Effects of Using Genetically Modified Bt Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households Wu Yuhong, Wang Guiyan, Zhang Jianheng, Liang Weili, Michel FOK 2005, 21 (5):  344-344.  Abstract + ( 1387 )   Based on a survey involving 245 small cotton farming households from 6 counties in Hebei province，effects of using Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton varieties was analyzed. Costs and profits of using different Bt cotton varieties with different gene sources and those of using different filial generations of seeds were also compared. The results showed that in the years of 2002 and 2003，yields and profits were increased with the application of Bt cotton varieties despite of the increase in costs of pesticides, seeds and in overall costs. Yields with F1 seeds of Bt cotton varieties were higher than those with F2 and F3 seeds, while there was a variance in the differences of profits between using various filial generations of seeds between the two years.

  Identification of Virus Causing Welsh Onion Disease Ju Jianfeng, Huang Xiaomei, Cheng Dian 2005, 21 (5):  348-348.  Abstract + ( 1259 )   Occurrence of Welsh onion virosis is widespread ,it is the main reason to cause the yield and the quality to descend; According to the determined result of host range ,appearance of virus particles and pathological ultramicroscopic structure etc.on Welsh onion virosis ,it can ascertain initially that the virus pathogen which infects Welsh onion belongs to the family of potato Y virus (Potyviridae) it is one of provisional members in the genus of potato Y virus (Potyvirus) ,and it can spread virus by its seeds。

  The Virus Diseases of Pear and Culture Techniques of Virus-Free Trees LiuXu, Liao Ming’an, Ren Yajun, Wu Wanbo 2005, 21 (5):  351-351.  Abstract + ( 1529 )   This review briefly summaries the main species and damage of pear virus diseases in China: PRPMV、PVYV、QSV、ASGV、PSPV. The effective detection and elimination techniques of pear viruses are introduced in detail. The researches showed that it would be more accurate and faster to detect the pearviruses by using the methods of ELISA detection, electron microscope observation and molecular biologybasing on PCR and nucleic acid molecule hybridization techniques. Applying thermotherapy, meristem culture, micropropagation and chemical preparation may provide effective ways for eliminating the pear virus diseases. At last the significant culture techniques were suggested basing on the growth characteristics of pear trees without viruses as well.

  The Defend Effect and Safety Test of Flumioxazin Herbicide-fertilizei in the Flax Field Wang Xin, Liang Yan, Guo Pingyi, Yao Mansheng 2005, 21 (5):  356-356.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   This paper studied applicative techniques of herbicides Flumioxazin mix with fertilizer employed to soil in the linseed field by completely random design. In this paper, safety aspects on the linseed and defend effect on weeds were carried on by pot experiments. Morphological and physiological indicators of the linseed on different Herbicide- fertilizer density were determined and analyzed, such as the rate of emergence, crop height, weight, the content of chlorophyll, level of nitrate reductase, level of POD, dissolubility sugar and so on. The results indicated that, Flumioxazin (180g/hm2) mix with fertilizer were safety and better Herbicide- fertilizer on the linseed.

  Review on the Ecological Effects of Integrated Rice-duck Farming System Quan Guoming, , Zhang Jiaen , Huang Zhaoxiang, Xu Rongbao 2005, 21 (5):  360-360.  Abstract + ( 1696 )   Integrated rice-duck farming system (IRFS), as an environmental friendly technology, has been applied and practiced in many provinces in China and some countries in Asia. There are various ecological effects to be proved in IRFS. This paper reviewed already-done studies on the ecological effects of ducks on rice canopy structure, rice growth and yield formation, control of weeds, pests and diseases, natural enemy population, paddy soil and water, rice quality and paddy environmental quality. This paper also pointed out that some further studies on ecological process and mechanisms in IRFS should be strengthened.

  Analysis and Situation of Protective Cultivation in Jiangxi Zhang Zhaofei, Huang Guoqin, Huang Xiaoyang, Liu Longwang, Wu Jinfa, Zhang Xiufu, Gao Wangsheng 2005, 21 (5):  366-366.  Abstract + ( 1520 )   Jiangxi is situated in the southeast of China, the south of Changjiang River middle lower reaches, it is rich in water resource, so the research on protective cultivation is less, Jiangxi extended this technology once, but the integration degree of technology is not high, in addition, the cognition of peasants is inadequate, which made the extending area small. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate and analyze the situation of protective cultivation in Jiangxi, and carry on scientific experimental demonstration, screen out the protective cultivation, which adapt to local conditions of Jiangxi, than extend and apply it.

  Fast Promoting Conditions of Straw Maturing Zhang Shimin, Qi Yuancheng, Song Andong, Lü Debin 2005, 21 (5):  369-369.  Abstract + ( 1237 )   Based on Returning straw to soil, Effects of ability of produceing Cellulase and Hemicellulase were studied by adding carbon sources and nitrogen sources and inoculation. The results indicated that sucrose and urea were the best carbon source and nitrogen source for straw-degradation, The optimum conditions Having been obtained by orthogonal test were as following: sucrose 2.0%, urea 1.4% and inoculation 10%.

  Study on Eco-agriculture Construction and Sustainable Development of Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River Meng Guocai,, Wang Shige, Xie Hong, Zhang Guixiang,, Zhang Jinshan, 2005, 21 (5):  372-372.  Abstract + ( 1346 )   The primary characteristies of ecological agriculture is that it can greatly promote agricultural productivity, at the same time,protects the ecological environment. The upper reaches of Minjiang River lies in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, northwest of Sichuan province, and serves as one of the important ecological barries for the Yangtze River and the major water supplying area to Chengdu plain. However a series of ecologica environment problems have emerged because of the particular natural condition, massive lop and reasonless utilization of vegetation in recent decades. It no only has brought about many-side harm to soil, land and water resources, but also has formed a serious threat to the ecological environment. The serious ecologica environment problems has hindered the continuable social and economic development in the region. So, ecological agriculture is the outcome of the economic development and protection of the ecological environment in the upper reaches of Yangtze River. This paper, on the basis of latest survey data, analysed the background, current situation and features of the eco-agriculture in this region.

  Eco-agriculture and the Study on Eco-agriculture Model Huang JinYong 2005, 21 (5):  376-376.  Abstract + ( 1230 )   Chinese eco-agriculture develops rapidly after the concept of “ecological agriculture ” emergence in the West Country. Comparing with these countries, researches on eco-agriculture and eco-agriculture model are comparatively deep and abundant in China, but the research on eco-agriculture theory can not meet the need of practicing development. Strengthening the research on eco-agriculture theory and eco-agriculture model will have important significance in promoting the sustainable development of the agriculture of our country

  The Simulation of Yield Variability of Winter Wheat and its Corresponding Adaptation Options under Climate Change Xiong Wei, Xu Yinlong, Lin Erda 2005, 21 (5):  380-380.  Abstract + ( 1927 )   The changed climate resource due to the climate change will impact the agricultural production in China in future. Based on the emission scenarios of greenhouse gases – A2 and B2, and by using RCM (Regional Climate Model) – PRECIS and CERES-Wheat model, the paper simulated the impacts of climate change on the winter wheat yield variability at North China, and simulated the performance of two adaptation options under climate change scenarios. The results shows: maximum yield, average yield as well as the yield variability will increase under both A2 and B2 climate change scenarios at all periods. Advancing the sowing date and changing to the middle-term cultivars can decrease the yield variability, stabilized the yield.

  Study on the Evaluation and Utilization of Water Resources in Hilly Region of Sichuan Yao Xingzhu, Xia Jianguo, Zhu Zhonglin 2005, 21 (5):  386-386.  Abstract + ( 1355 )   The contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources became more and more obviously in hilly region of Sichuan, and what’s more, the shortage of water resources had already become the main factor, which restricted the development of local economy. In order to develop and utilize water resources reasonably and improve its utilization efficiency, the paper, analyzed and discussed the present situation in the hilly region of Sichuan Basin from three aspects: the amount of precipitation, the quantity of water resources and water quality. Furthermore, the development and utilization extension of water resources was analyzed from the present situation of hydraulic engineering, available water supply and the supply and demand situation of water resources, etc. As a result, the existing problems of the present utilization of water resources were pointed out, and then several countermeasures which could promote the sustainable utilization of water resources were put forward, such as broadening water resources positively, water saving, water environment protection and strengthening water resource management.

  The Decomposition of Residue and Nutrient Releasing Under the Condition of Desert Ecosystem Sun Benhua,, Gao Mingxia, Lü Jialong, Zhang Yiping 2005, 21 (5):  390-390.  Abstract + ( 1261 )   Quantitative studies on changes of decomposition rate, C/N ratio, N, K and organic C of bean residue during decomposition in desert ecosystem were carried out in Fukang, Xinjiang. Results showed that Accumulative decay rate and organic C decomposition rate of bean residue increased followed by the increasing of decomposition time. The decay rate in 0~1.5 month and 1.5~3 month were 18.9% and 18.7%, respectively. The total N increased gradually first, then kept on after 6 months. The total K decreased quickly at the first 1.5 month, then decreased slowly, then kept on after 3 months. The releasing amount and releasing rate of N were all minus. There was no releasing of N in the whole of decomposition. The releasing rate of K reached 75.8% in 1.5 months, then changed around 90%. The C/N ratio of decay remainders decreased quickly first, then didn’t change on the whole after 6 months, and finally it was 35.9.

  Effect of Organic Acids on Physiological Characteristic of Wheat Seedling under Lead Stress 2005, 21 (5):  393-393.  Abstract + ( 1410 )   The ameliorating effects of organic acids (oxalic acid, ethanoic acid and citric acid) on lead stress were studied by analysis the physiological characteristic of wheat seedling. The results showed that three organic acids could ameliorate the destroy of lead on chlorophyll; Low concentration of organic acid could enhance the activities of protective enzyme (SOD, CAT and POD), decrease the content of MDA, but with the increasing of organic acid concentration, had no apparent ameliorating effects, the activities of protective enzyme decrease, the content of MDA increase; The ameliorating effect of oxalic acid was most apparent.

  The Nitrate Content Differences Among three Lettuce Varieties and the Effects of N Rates Hou Mihong, Wang Chunzhi, Wang Chan, Guo Shiqian, Li Ying 2005, 21 (5):  396-396.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   A pot experiment was carried out to study the nitrate content difference among three lettuce varieties and the effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate accumulation.The result of this experiment indicated that the nitrate content of three varieties of lettuce is obviously different at the same N rate and there were significant differences in nitrate content at different N rates,and so does NRase activities . Furthemore ,nitrate content and NRA go up horizontally with the N supply levels .Therefore ,both genotype and N supply levels should be taken into account carefully in vegetable production to reduce nitrate concentration in vegetable.

  The Economic Analysis of the Water Resource Crisis in Our Country and Its Resolution Lu Jiebin 2005, 21 (5):  400-400.  Abstract + ( 2343 )   The text begins with the analysis of the serious situation about Water resource in our country, and point out the natural and manmade reasons, which result in the crisis of Water resource. And then the author makes a thorough discuss about the crisis using the economic theory of outside and public resource. At last, the author thinks that the fundamental solution lies in the foundation of water rights and water market in order to dispose the Water resource properly.

  Research on Information Standard for Digital Agriculture Guo Xinyu, Zhao Chunjiang, Wang Suying 2005, 21 (5):  404-404.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   Agricultural information standardization is an important content of digital agriculture establishment. Based on analysis on definition of agricultural information standardization and status of management and application of agricultural information, discussion of principle and object followed by digital agricultural information standard and the main current working points forwarded in the paper, the research evolvement on agricultural information glossary and data element standard were introduced.

  The Study of the Theory of Grey System in Agricultural Structure Arrangement of Chongqing Liu Xiuhua, Yang Yuhong, Li Xia 2005, 21 (5):  408-408.  Abstract + ( 1472 )   It is important to arrange the proportion of land in agricultural structure arrangement. And the pivotal step is making sure the proportion of each industry, when the programmes of agricultural structure arrangement are decided. According to Chongqing city statistics of 1998~2003, this paper makes out proportion of agricultural by grey correlation analysis, and then it calculates the coefficient of each plan. In the end, the best plan will be picked out.

  Research and Developmernt of 1: 500 00 Database System of Land Use Based on SuperMap in HanBuhe Drainage Basin Lei Nengzhong, Ma Zhongmo, Jiang Xudong 2005, 21 (5):  411-411.  Abstract + ( 1504 )   The land use data is the main geographical data and will play an important role in the control of agriculture nonpoint source pollution of HanBuhe Drainage Basin. On the basis of homemade GIS software named SuperMap, the professional database system has been developed to collect, manage, and renew the land use data，which runs stably and safely and is easy to expand further. The article introduces the method of data collection, the mode of data management, and main functions of the system.

  Advancement of Agricultural Expert System in the Plant Disease and Insect Pests Control Yan Zhiyan, Liao Guiping, GAO Bida 2005, 21 (5):  415-415.  Abstract + ( 1639 )   Since come into being, agricultural expert system (shortening AES) has been known increasingly by people and widely applied in agriculture. From the 60’s of the 20th to these days, a large number of AES have been developed in many kinds of agriculture fields. With the technology development of information and the perfection of AES exploitation, AES would become substitutable. The paper briefly summarized the produce and progress of the AES of nation and foreign country. The advancement of the Plant Disease and Insect Pests Control Expert System (shortening PDIPCES) is discussed, and the PDIPCES developed and its main technique character is briefly introduced. The article also analyzed the existed problems where were insufficiency of basic study and the excessive request for the users’ culture in PDIPCES and raised their settlement method. It point out the combination with 3S, network and integration is the direction of PDIPCES and the applied prospect of the AES in the future.

  Spatio-temporal Change of Land Use and Converting Slope Farmland into Forest and Grassland in Yanan Ecological Construction Demonstration Area Chen Guojian, Zhang Xiaoping, Li Rui, Yang Qinke 2005, 21 (5):  418-418.  Abstract + ( 1483 )   Based on the color aerial photo and the field survey data, this paper analyze the information of various land use type change and spatial characteristics in Yanan Ecological Construction Demonstration Area from 2000 to 2003 by RS, GIS and statistics methods. We introduce the de-farming index and the de-farming Elasticity coefficient for the first time to evaluate the intensity, scale and spatial diversity of converting slope farmland into forestry and grassland, and to find out the range and pace of various land use type. This research illuminates the relationship between regional land use change and the project of converting slope farmland into forestry and grassland, and this research can give scientific suggestion to research on regional soil and water conservation and sustainable land use

  A Research Progress on Water-saving Irrigation about Tomato in Protected Cultivation Wang Lixia, Luo Qingxi 2005, 21 (5):  423-423.  Abstract + ( 1580 )   Protected cultivation is an important aspect in development of our agriculture, and water-saving irrigation is also imperative. Now different techniques of water-saving irrigation have been more broadly applied to cultivation under cover, so it is necessary to adopt different irrigation technologies on the base of idiographic culture system in protected field. In present cultivation under cover, tomato is one of the vegetables greatly cultivated. This paper briefly introduced the level of research on water-saving irrigation in tomato cultivation under cover, involving characteristics of different irrigation techniques, and pointed out the problems that had existed in these fields, with some advices given.

  Factors and Adjustability Strategies Li Jianqiao，Tao Peijun 2005, 21 (5):  428-428.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   The paper points out three important factors: capital, labor resource and organization management, which would restrict the development of farmer’s economic organization if it has no efficient supply. The paper puts forward that to develop farmers’ cooperative organization need the institutional space and cooperative Environment and only strengthen these supplies could survive and develop the cooperative with Government’ support, institutional criterion and modified it. China is during market reform and social transformation，we can adjust the relations of production and its organizational structure, conceive adaptable cooperative, strengthen the fabric of itself and competitive outside, lessen the negative effect from the outside environment. It can increase the farmers’ income and promote the rural sustainable development by those measures.

  The Analysis of Economic Results of Degenerating Tillage to Grass in the Different Types Field of BaShang Area ——Taking Yejiacun in Zhangbei County for instances Yuan Huifu, Zhang Lifeng 2005, 21 (5):  433-433.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   Based on the analysis of the economic predominate crop and livestock in Bashang plateau of HeiBei,the economic results of different types of farmland in degenerating tillage were compared.The result showed that the peasant can degenerate farmland by themselves in drought sand field.But it was no economic sense that degenerated tillage to seed grass in drought bottomland field and watered field.To develop the economic predominate crop and livestock was the best choice of prompting degenerating tillage by peasants themselves and preventing repetitious reclamation.

  Urbanization and the Increasing of Farmer’s Income Ji Bianbian 2005, 21 (5):  437-437.  Abstract + ( 1395 )   It is a corn of the problem of “three agriculture” to increase peasant’s income. In this paper we analyst the main resource of increasing peasant’s income is increasing the peasant’s wages from the constitution of farmer’s income, it’s trend and the increasing factor of peasant’s farming income. Urbanization have a important function for increasing the peasant’s income. We should pick up speed of urbanization from thrust and pulling in order to increase the peasant’s income.

  SWOT Analysis on Vegetable Industrial Development in Agriculture Sci-tech Park of Deng Zhuang Town and Strategy Long Lili, Tao Peijun 2005, 21 (5):  440-440.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   This paper utilizes the analysis method of SWOT to analyze five strengths including area，scope, science and technology , mechanism, communication, exciting weakness, opportunities and threats for agriculture sci-tech park of Deng Zhuang town to develop its vegetable industry .At the same time, the paper puts forward some recommendations about strategic management from several aspects such as name brand stratagem, technology progress, expedite salability , enterprise grandness, policy support, beltline elongate etc.

  Study on Rural Collective Land Conversion in Rongchang Conuty of Chongqing Chen Rongrong, Yang Chaoxian, Song Guangyu 2005, 21 (5):  444-444.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   Analyzed the form of rural collective land conversion in Rongchang of Chongqing, based on the theory that the grade of rural collective land depend on the location and income, and then divide rural collective land into four grades. Calculated land conversion price (the compensation standard for settling down) using income reducing process, and on the basis of the form of rural collective land conversion, determined the distribution principle of income, the payment standard of income and appreciation income of land conversion in this county. The result showed that, the higher the grade, the higher the conversion price; the form of rural collective land conversion is different; the payment standard of income is different. The result can provide a basis of how to determine the form and price of rural collective land conversion reasonably.

  Study on the Policy and Finance Nature of Agricultural Development Bank Gao Yanbin 2005, 21 (5):  449-449.  Abstract + ( 1239 )   This paper analyses the unhealthy consequences in agricultural development bank if one of its properties is only emphasized and the other one is neglected in the course of management, which based on the elementary discussion about the relationship between its policy and finance characteristics. In conclusion the article brings forward the certain basic suggestions on how to organically unify its dual nature.

  On Sustainable Agriculture’s Institutional Obstacles and Innovation Han Zhengqing,, Hu Jiaying, Chen Xianyin 2005, 21 (5):  453-453.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   There are two crucial factors for developing sustainable agriculture (SA), one is technological innovation, the other is institutional innovation (II), and II is more critical. This article generally states the reasons of SA’ s II, and dwells on the Institutional Obstacles f SA in china. On this basis, the route of II is put forward.

  Analysis on the Rural Residential Area Readjustment of Xinjiang Zhang Fengli, Zhaojun, Zhao Leiying 2005, 21 (5):  457-457.  Abstract + ( 1516 )   Rural residential area readjustment is an important means to promote land use efficiency and intensive degree, improve reasonable and scientific exploitation. In addition, it is a main measure to improve rural feature, living conditions and ecosystem environment. So in this paper, based on the present situation and characteristics of rural residential area of Xinjiang, Pointing out existing problems and outputting causes, then analyzing its benefits and profitable factors, putting forward to strengthen publicity and sturdy regulation system, implementing village construction planning, order to control land use scale and increase its profits.

  The Quality Guarantee System on Non-Social-Effects-of-Pollution Farm Products and the Developmental Steps of Industrialization in China Chen Jikun 2005, 21 (5):  461-461.  Abstract + ( 1665 )   This paper has stated “The Quality Guarantee System on Non-Social-Effects-of-Pollution Farm Products and the Developmetal Steps of Industrialization in China” from three fields. First of all, the total thinking on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products in it's open up were been put forwarded, It include it's concept, directing idea, basic principle and fixed position in market. The second, how to set up the guality guarantee system on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products. It was been stated in six points: to perfect the standards and laws and regulations, to standardize the attesting systems in non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to organize and set up the supervising systems in non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to perfect the technology support systems in non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to set up and to inprove the quality test systems of the farm products for to ensure the quality in non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to strengthen the consciousness of the famous brand and to make a good management at trademarks on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products. In last field, the developmental steps of industrialization on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products have been put forwarded also. They are: to strengthen the propaganda and public opinion supervision for to extand the influence on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to optimize the industrial construction to push on the attesting work on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products with great effort, to increase greatly support intensity of force in funds and to set up diversified investment mechanism, to increase greatly the spread intensity of fore in standardize and normalize on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to strengthen the training and service in agriculture science and technology to make sure the production operate regulation of non-social-effects-of-pollution, to bring up and to open up the market active for to realize the developmental of industrialization on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products, to create new science and technology to promote the industrialization development on non-social-effects-of-pollution farm products by use to modern science and technology.

  Develop Organic Agricultural and Strengthen the Competition Predominance of Agriculture Advantage Liu Tianjun 2005, 21 (5):  465-465.  Abstract + ( 1582 )   Organic agriculture is system of production, which doesn’t use chemistry substance and genetic engineering in agriculture. Develop organic agriculture is the only way of improving environmental quality, increasing peasant income and promoting agricultural sustainable development. This paper analyses the problem of developing organic agriculture, such as: Government support incompletely, lack organic agricultural technology and knowledge, no industrialization and the industrialization of authentication and selling, and so on. Put forward the countermeasures of developing organic agriculture, for example: changing the idea, strengthen government support, make development plan, establish system of production and authentication, set up, cultivate and perfect intermediary service organization and so on.