Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.23 Published:05 December 2010

  23

  Research progress and application of the structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus Yong-sheng Liu 2010, 26 (23):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 524993KB )   ( 1296 ) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the Arteriviridae family. The genomic RNA is approximately 15 kb. The genome encodes the RNA replicase (ORF1a and ORF1b), the glycoproteins(GP2 to GP5）, the integral membrane protein M(ORF6), and the nucleocapsid protein N (ORF7). Each of the a PRRSV distinct role in virus infection ,immune response etc. This thesis sums up the research and application of the structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus.

  Progress in DNA Vaccine of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome 2010, 26 (23):  7-11.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   PDF ( 522839KB )   ( 1014 ) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is one of the most threatening important diseases, which causes serious economic loss of swine industry every year. There is not an effective measure to prevent PRRS today. Vaccine inoculation is the main method to prevent and control the disease. The focus of the vaccine research is genetic engineering vaccine. Especially, the DNA vaccine not only induces humoral immunity, but also stimulates high level of cellular immunity response. It is easy to manufacture and store up. Currently, preliminary results have been achieved in the research of DNA vaccine for PRRS. The progress in DNA vaccine of PRRS is summarized below.

  Study and Application Advance on the Superovulation of Cattle 2010, 26 (23):  12-17.  Abstract + ( 1410 )   PDF ( 624300KB )   ( 994 ) Abstract: Objective of superovulation was to get more quantity and high quality embryos from individual donors, which produced out more excellent offspring cattle by embryo transfer technique and conservation more heredity resource of choiceness cattle and rare bovine breed by embryo frozen. Mostly factors such as exogenous hormone, donor status, number of superovulation and recovery embryos, superovulation season, environment, technique and so on, which affect the effect of superovulation were discussed. And mainly methods and effect of cattle superovulation of native and international were introduced in the paper.

  Establishment and application of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneousdetection of CSFV，SIV，PCV2，PRV and PRRSV 2010, 26 (23):  18-21.  Abstract + ( 1446 )   PDF ( 972868KB )   ( 1252 ) Abstract:According to the gene sequences in GenBank of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory comprehensive virus (PRRSV) gene sequences, designed five pairs of primers were used to amplify CSFV E2, SIV, PCV2 ORF2, PRV gB, PRRSV N gene. Reaction conditions were optimized by the establishment of a detection CSFV, SIV, PCV2, PRV and PRRSV multiple PCR (mPCR) diagnosis. Sensitivity and specificity results showed that the mPCR minimum of 5 of the virus nucleic acid detection volume were 106 gene copy number (about 10 pg). Against E. coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus, porcine parvovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, multiple PCR amplification results were negative. Clinical samples of multiple PCR results showed that the multiplex PCR method capable of SIV, CSFV, PCV2, PRV, PRRSV infection of single or mixed clinical samples for rapid diagnosis. Key words:CSFV；SIV；PCV2；PRV；PRRSV；multiple PCR

  Amplify mouse Fab antibody gene with diversity by Touchdown PCR 2010, 26 (23):  22-25.  Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 780941KB )   ( 1367 ) Abstract:【OBJECTIVE】To amplify various products of Fab antibody genes with diversity, guarantee enough reservoir capacity of phage antibody library.【METHOD】The spleen of C57BL\6 mouse was isolated, spleen cell suspension was prepared, total RNA was extracted, cDNA synthesis was accomplished by reverse transcription. The product of Fab antibody was amplified by PCR and Touch down PCR, the products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, we performed a comparative analysis of two PCR methods. 【RESULTS】the products of light chain and high chain gene was about 680bp, and the result corresponds with the theoretical value. The results of electrophoresis analysis showed that TD-PCR had 8 high chain gene and 6 light chain gene, PCR had 7 high chain gene and 5 light chain gene. The amplified gene product with VkB primer was not appeared in the products of PCR, and appeared in the products of TD-PCR. The gene product with IIIA and IIIC primer were obtained by TD-PCR, and not successfully amplified by PCR. The amplified gene product with IIIB primer was appeared in the products of PCR, and not appeared in the products of TD-PCR. 【 CONCLUSION 】TD-PCR may increase diversity of Fab antibody genes, is an approach to ensure reservoir capacity of phage antibody library，which would be a reference for amplification and other research of Fab antibody gene.

  Establishment of TGEV and PEDV by Multiplex RT-PCR 2010, 26 (23):  26-29.  Abstract + ( 1559 )   PDF ( 1136106KB )   ( 1370 ) Abstract：According to the published gene sequence of Transmissible gastroenteritis Virus of pigs(TGEV) and Porcine epidemic diarrhea Virus(PEDV) and the detecting methods of RT-PCR reported,matrix gene of TGEV and nucleoprotein(NP) gene of PEDV were considered as the target gene sequences of multiple RT-PCR.A set of universe primers were designed for detecting TGEV and PEDV,respectively in the conseved S gene of TGEV and S gene of PEDV.The products of RT-PCR is 426 bp and 584 bp respectively.The optimal condition of multiple RT-PCR for detection of TGEV and PEDV by RT-PCR was determined through orthogonal assay.The specificity of the multipie primers were examined by RT-PCR using template extracted from other avian virus.The sensitivity of RT-PCR were also determined by a seral dilution of RNA from TGEV and PEDV.This study have paved the way for testing TGEV and PEDV,defining pathogenic potential,using vaccines against TGEV and PEDV and so on. Key words：Transmissible gastroenteritis Virus；Porcine epidemic diarrhea Virus；RT-PCR

  The Discussion and Prospect of some Heterosis Theory such as Epistasis in Rice 2010, 26 (23):  30-36.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   PDF ( 544486KB )   ( 1315 ) The study on genetic basis of heterosis has received much attention, of which, some genetic effects such as epistasis plays an important role as genetic basis of heterosis in rice and other crops. This paper bases on the research status of dominant and the overdominance hypothesis, elaborated its application prospect and limitation of these viewpoint at first. Then it spreads out exposition for epistasis and the comprehensive effects of heterosis, and summarizes about heterosis theory and several new opinions. Finally analysis and discuss on the heterosis theory's related question, and then proposed scientific prospects. We wish that this paper will provide a number of information and ideals to research style of the basis of heterosis theory.

  Qtl analysis on allelopathyof the recombinant inbred lines(RILs) in rice( Oryza sativa L. ) 2010, 26 (23):  37-41.  Abstract + ( 1649 )   PDF ( 881343KB )   ( 1047 ) In this paper, we used the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) drived from the crosses by the rice cultivar Laymen (weak allelopathy) with Dollar (strong allelopathy) as genetic material. Allelopathic effect of RIL population and their parents were detected by relay-seeding co-culture in agar(RCA). The results indicated that root-length inhibitory effects of Barnyardgrass by the RIL population was close to normal distribution, and used as allelopathic index was for genetic analysis. With the aid of the molecule marker technology, we got the genetic map of the lines, covering with all the chromosomes and having ninety-seven molecule markers. Five QTLs associated with allelopathy against the target weed were detected and located in 1, 1, 5, 9, 9 linkage groups, and explained 23.97%, 15.21%, 13.89%, 18.63%, 6.64% of genetic variation respectively. Further confirmed the existence of rice allelopathy main effect QTL ,also provide the basis for the molecular breeding.

  In Vitro Screening of Resistant Mutants to Taizishen Leaf Spot with Crude Phyllosticta commonsii Toxin 2010, 26 (23):  42-47.  Abstract + ( 1441 )   PDF ( 913930KB )   ( 951 ) To select new variety resistant to Taizishen leaf spot, in vitro screening of resistant mutants of taizishen to Phyllosticta commonsii was cultured in crude Phyllosticta commonsii toxin by gradually increase the concentration of toxin. The results indicated that crude Phyllosticta commonsii toxin showed signifisant inhibitory effects on callus induction and growth, adventitious buds differentiation. The resistance of callus to Phyllosticta commonsii toxin could be improved by increasing the concentration gradually. The toxin concentration of 25% was considered as the selection pressure of resistant mutants of callus to Phyllosticta commonsii, and up to 15.5% of survival-rate of callus. To reduce the toxin concentration to 10%~20% appropriately is more advantageous for adventitious bud differentiation, and up to 54%~40% of differentiating-rate. The toxin concentration of 60%~70% was considered as the selection pressure of resistant mutants of regenerated-plantlets to Phyllosticta commonsii, and up to 8.3% of survival-rate of plantlets. There were 46 regenerated plants to be high resistance to crude Phyllosticta commonsii toxin by detached leaves resistance identification, and its resistance to the toxin was significantly higher than the control.

  Comparison of Genomic DNA Extraction Method and Optimization of ISSR-PCR Amplification for Grapefruit 2010, 26 (23):  48-52.  Abstract + ( 1541 )   PDF ( 997952KB )   ( 1096 ) An efficient genomic DNA extraction method useful for ISSR-PCR of grapefruit was selected by comparing four DNA extraction methods. Meanwhile, the factors influencing ISSR-PCR for grapefruit were optimized by orthogonal design. The result showed that improved SDS method was suitable for ISSR-PCR amplification. The average amplified bands were 2.7 which were detected in 2% agarose. The optimum amplification condition of ISSR-PCR was including 5 ng DNA template, 0.2 mmol/L dNTPs, 0.2 μmol/L primer, 0.3 U Taq DNA polymerase and 2×buffer (Mg2+) in 20 μL reaction volumes.

  Research Progress on Glutamine Synthetase Genes and its application on the Genetic Control of Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants 2010, 26 (23):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1715 )   PDF ( 524946KB )   ( 2195 ) Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme involved in the nitrogen assimilation and recycling in plants. The present paper summarized the distribution characters of glutamine synthetase in different cells, tissues, and organs. The advances on molecular biological research were reviewed on the numbers of gene family，gene structure, and organ-specific or development stage-specific expression control in different regulation level, as well as the applications on the genetic engineering through glutamine synthetase gene regulation to enhance plant growth and stress endurance. The prospects were presented on the improvement of nitrogen utility efficiency in crops and plant nitrogen status diagnosis on the basis of glutamine synthetase gene regulation.

  Arctic Fox leptin gene polymorphism and the production structure and performance-related analysis 2010, 26 (23):  58-63.  Abstract + ( 1286 )   PDF ( 1211567KB )   ( 1025 ) [Objective] This study on the Arctic fox leptin gene structure, and through PCR-SSCP method to find the impact performance of arctic foxes loci. [Methods] Data used SignalP 3.0 Server, ClustalX1.83, Mega4.0, Promoter predictions, TMHM2.0, ProtComp-v6.0 software and SPSS13.0 software such as biology to complete the analysis; [Results] arctic fox and dog genetic the distance is the latest, OB gene it may be a secreted protein with a signal peptide sequence of a great possibility, AB genotype of the individual body weight, abdominal circumference, hides length and AA, BB-type individual's body weight, abdominal circumference, Long hides significant difference (P <0.01), AB genotype of the body length than the AA, BB-type of individual differences in body length tended to significantly (P <0.3), AB-type genes of individual hairs length and AA, BB-type individuals The long hairs were significantly impact the trend P <0.2 [Conclusion] showed that leptin gene mutations lead to the genotype of the body weight, abdominal circumference, hides long had a significant impact on most (P <0.01).

  The Cytological Observation on the Morphology of the Flowers and the Microspore Development in Sesame Nuclear Male-sterile Lines“ms86-1” 2010, 26 (23):  64-68.  Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 1493470KB )   ( 979 )

  Genetic Model Analysis of Fructose Content for Super Sweet Corn 2010, 26 (23):  69-72.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 546808KB )   ( 1015 ) According to the Griffing Method Ⅱ of diallel crossing for 8 inbred lines of super sweet corn, genetic model and heterosis analysis was provided with the method of Hayman in this study. The results indicated that: (1) fructose content trait showed high over low and middle parent heterosis and a little over high parent heterosis. (2) fructose content trait was controlled by additive and non-additive genes, according with “additive-dominant- epistatic” model. The average dominance degree was 1.15, which showed overdominant inheritance. The broad and narrow sense heritability of fructose content was 10.92% and 94.15%, respectively. (3) more than 4 genes contributed for the heritance of fructose content. For selecting corn inbred lines and cross combinations with high sugar content, dominant gene effect should be mainly considered in breeding program to improve marketing and eating quality of super sweet corn.

  Expression Analysis of LeWRKY1 in Tomato induced by Jasmonic Acid and other two factors 2010, 26 (23):  73-76.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 600521KB )   ( 1119 ) To explore the molecular mechanism of plant resistance to various stress response, LeWRKY1 expressions in tomato seedlings, under treatment with B. cinerea, exogenous JA or SA, were explored by real time quantitative RT-PCR technology. The results showed that JA induced the expression of LeWRKY1, but SA did not. LeWRKY1 expression was up-regulated under B. cinerea infection. LeWRKY1 may involve in the tomato defense response to B. cinerea through JA dependent but SA independent signal pathway.

  Cloning and Analysis of FLS Gene Promoter in Ginkgo bioloba 2010, 26 (23):  77-80.  Abstract + ( 1636 )   PDF ( 852716KB )   ( 1539 ) Flavonol synthase gene (FLS) is very important in the flavonoids pathway, and it determines the ginkgo flavonoids accumulation directly. The study of the gene expression and regulation is important to improve the ginkgo flavonoids content in vivo. However, how the gene is regulated at transcriptional level is still unclear. To clarify the potential mechanism, a FLS promoter from ginkgo biloba has been cloned and sequenced. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that three MYB binding sites and nine sites related to light signal existed in the FLS promoter, which had provided a molecular basis that could illustrate the transcriptional regulation mechanism of FLS gene light signal response and the co-regulated relation between FLS and CHI.

  Study on the sequencing and phylogenetics analysis of the rice chloroplast DNA petG-trnP fragment 2010, 26 (23):  81-84.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 973281KB )   ( 1028 ) The rice chloroplast petG-trnP fragment was selected to directly sequence and analyze in this study. The results demonstrated that the length of the rice petG-trnP intergenic spacer was very conservative and 316 bp with 242 bp non-coding region except the trnW sequence. The non-coding region was separated into two parts with 116bp and 126bp respectively. The G+C content was relatively low and about 37.19%-38.02% in the non-coding region. The 5 rice materials Clustal W analysis showed that the petG-trnP fragment structure was variable, there were 7 variable sites (2.89%) in the non-coding region. As a result, this indicted that it contained a few phylogenetic information and would provide the direct molecular evidence to clarify the Oryza species origin and evolution.

  Genetic Variation of Wheat SP3 Generation by Space Mutation 2010, 26 (23):  85-88.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   PDF ( 1170683KB )   ( 1017 ) In order to study the effects of space mutation of wheat, the gliadin and genomic DNA in the SP3 of Baiyingdong 2 were analyzed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SRAP markers, the results showed that the space-flight mutation could induce the variation of gliadin and genomic DNA. 8 mutants of gliadin were screened out from 15 SP3 materials, the induced variation effect also was different in four gliadin protein blocks，among that ω gliadin was the most sensitive and had the greatest variations. The genomic DNA variations of 15 SP3 materials were analyzed using 25 pairs of SRAP primers, and 227 polymorphic bands were amplified, genetic similarity coefficient between SP3 materials and control ranged from 0.821-0.937.

  Genotype Difference in Wheat Anther Culture Response and Analysis of Parents Selection 2010, 26 (23):  89-92.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 568720KB )   ( 1186 ) One hundred and four varieties or genotypes of wheat were used to evaluate the effects of genotypes on Anther Culture Response（ＡＣＲ）.The results showed that the callus induction rate of F1 hybrid generation were 13.28%,higher than 6.02% of the F3 generation;the Green plant production rate of F1 were 2.88%,F3 were 1.10%,F1 were 2.6 times of F3. In the same culture conditions, different genotypes vary significantly on the anther culture ability, the Callus induction rate from 0 to 111.43%, Green plant production rate from 0 to 49.29%; Correlation analysis showed that the Callus induction rate, green plant regeneration rate and green plant yield were positively correlated. According to the results of ＡＣＲ, selected some varieties or genotypes with high-culture ability, high-yield and high-quality genes such as Ningchun 4 variety,in order to provide the basis for hybrid combinations, and to improve the efficiency of anther culture breeding.

  Optimization of Regeneration System in vitro of non-heading Chinese cabbage 2010, 26 (23):  93-96.  Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 1098156KB )   ( 1028 ) Abstract：we discussed the effect of explant types and the different combinations of 6-BA and NAA concentrations on the regeneration of the non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis L.) called Liangbaiye. The results showed that there was marked difference in the regeneration frequency between petiole with cotyledon, cotyledon and hypocotyl. The regeneration frequency of petiole with cotyledon was the highest among three explant types in the medium of MS + 6-BA (5.0 mg/L) + NAA (0.1mg/L) + AgNO3 (4.0 mg/L), and the differentiation frequency could reach as high as 59.5 %. That layed the foundation for establishment of genetic transformation system of Liangbaiye. Keywords: Chinese cabbage; adventitious buds; regeneration

  The comparison of protein extraction methods of plant for two-dimensional electrophoresis 2010, 26 (23):  97-100.  Abstract + ( 1684 )   PDF ( 502759KB )   ( 2679 ) Sample preparation is the most basic and critical link in two-dimensional electrophoresis experiment.The success of sample preparation is directly related to the success of the quality of two-dimensional electrophoresis map and the integrity of proteome information.The commonly extraction methods of plant total protein applied to two-dimensional electrophoresis: TCA-acetone precipitation method, Tris-Hcl method, phenol method, Trizol precipitation method, Tris-acetone - phenol method, Urea/Thiourea extraction. Different method is suitable for different characteristics of plant samples, Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the six kinds protein extraction methods of two-dimensional electrophoresis, and gave a brief overview of each method applicable to plant tissues.

  The Study on the Ideal Reference Protein Model of Chemical Analysis and Biological Value 2010, 26 (23):  101-107.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 596696KB )   ( 1240 ) Different chemical score can be obtained under different reference protein model when biological analysis is used. So, it is not perfect and satisfied enough to use it as the estimated value of biological value (BV). Therefore, it is more meaningful to find out an ideal reference protein model to gain more exact and reliable chemical score. The paper aims at analyzing the relativity and deviation of each chemical score and BV in two models (Whole Egg model and FAO/WHO model), and finding out the regression equation between each chemical score and BV. Consequently, it is found that the deviations between the two above are quite different. And it is important that the CBV can eliminate the deviation over all. The relativity between AAS, CS, EAAI, EAARR and BV under the Whole Egg model is much greater, while the relativity between SRCAA and BV is much greater under the FAO/WHO model. Meanwhile, the CBV doesn’t only make the relativity maintain the same but also make the two parts (Chemical Analysis and Biological Value) equal to each other. Therefore, the Whole Egg model could be used to analyze AAS、CS、EAAI and EAARR and the FAO/WHO model could be used to analyze SRCAA. The CBV is much closer to BV than each chemical score. And it is more reasonable, exact and trustworthy to use the CBV as the estimated value of BV.

  The best Condition for extraction of polysaccharide from Spirulina subsalsa 2010, 26 (23):  108-111.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   PDF ( 748071KB )   ( 948 ) This article examines the culture time, light intensity and light cycle, different concentrations of C, N, P, different concentrations of NaCl for extraction of polysaccharide from Spirulina subsalsa.The optimal conditions were original light intensity 4000lux above, light and dark cycle of 14:10,NaHCO3 concentration of 5g/L,NaNO3 concentration of 2.5g/L,K2HPO4 concentration of 0.38g/L,NaCl concentration of 4g/L.

  Technology of the Alcohol Extraction from Rape Pollen 2010, 26 (23):  112-115.  Abstract + ( 1692 )   PDF ( 556597KB )   ( 1046 ) The optimized conditions of the alcohol extraction of the wall-unbroken and wall-broken of rape pollen were obtained through orthogonal design. The results showed that the optimized conditions of the wall-unbroken and wall-broken of rape pollen were as follows: ratio of solid-liquid l:8, time 2 h, temperature 55℃, concussion frequency 145 rpm and ratio of solid-liquid l:8, time 2 h, temperature 65℃, concussion frequency 145 rpm. Under these optimized conditions, the ratios of extraction of the wall-unbroken and wall-broken of rape pollens were significant difference (P<0.01). They were 32.00% and 43.16% respectively. The wall-broken of rape pollen is better for more ratio of extraction. In this paper, the optimized conditions of the alcohol extraction and choice of materials during processing of rape pollen were offered.

  Phase Impacts Analysis of Climate Factors on Middle Rice Yield in Zigong 2010, 26 (23):  116-120.  Abstract + ( 1356 )   PDF ( 722725KB )   ( 1078 ) The growth process of middle rice is affected by many agro-climatic factors, so to describe its production is extremely complex. In order to reduce the interaction between climatic factors, quantitative description of the climatic factors on middle rice yield. The author used the differential forms of multifactor regression integral, established the prediction model of weather yield of middle rice. Comprehensive description of the model of temperature, precipitation, sunshine and other weather factors on the impact of middle rice yield, and also designed yield index, a measure of the impact of the climatic factors in growing period of middle rice on the final yield. The results showed that the largest elements of climatic change on rice yield in Zigong were temperature in early March which can cause fluctuations in the output of 136.7 kg/hm2; precipitation in mid-June which can cause fluctuations in the output of 163.7 kg/hm2; sunshine in mid-July which can cause fluctuations in the output of 94.4 kg/hm2. The temperature in late May, the precipitation in early July and the sunshine in early March can cause fluctuations in the output between 89.6 kg/m2 and 131.5 kg/m2.

  Study on relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and yield in different organ of wheat 2010, 26 (23):  121-125.  Abstract + ( 1303 )   PDF ( 655588KB )   ( 1193 ) In order to study the relationship between the yield and carbon isotope discrimination of wheat leaves, grain and stem, some different wheat varieties were grown on two ecological environments (limited irrigation area and rain fed area) in Ningxia from 2006 to 2008. The results showed that : In irrigated agricultural areas, the △13C of wheat stem and yield were related to a significant level for 3 years; The △13C of wheat grain and yield were related to a significant level for 2 years, Another one-year of no significant correlation; The △13C of wheat leaves and yield were related to a significant level only in 2008, Another two years of no significant correlation. But in rain fed condition, the △13C of wheat leaves, grain and stem were not correlated positively with yield, and the lower △13C materials have higher yield of different wheat varieties. Therefore, the carbon isotope discrimination of wheat can be an Identification index in irrigated agricultural areas, and wheat stem in the mature is the best organ for determination, The best organ for determination in rain fed condition need to be further studied.

  Analysis on distribution of grain iron content in 83 conmon wheat varieties 2010, 26 (23):  126-129.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 554154KB )   ( 1514 ) In order to evaluate the distribution of grain concentrations of Iron (Fe) in common wheat varieties/lines in China, and then lay a foundation for breeding the high iron content wheat, 83 varieties/lines were picked out randomly and investigated by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer after digesting samples in a closed microwave system. The results showed that the mean grain content of Fe was 30.13mg?kg-1，and Fe content appeared to have a great variation (CV 14.56), ranging from 5.64 mg?kg-1 to 59.5mg?kg-1. The varieties/lines with grain Fe content between 10 and 50 mg?kg-1 were up to 85.55 percent, while those above 50 mg?kg-1 were only 10.84 percent, which indicating the shuttle-shape distribution. The Fe contents of three landraces (Siyuecao, Jinboyin, and Huisancao) were over 50 mg?kg-1, indicating that there were the germplasms with high Fe content in our landraces. The Fe content of four varieties with dark seed-capsule, such as Nongda3753, were near 40mg?kg-1, above the mean value, comparing to other white varieties.

  Study of Simulation Model of Sweet Potato Plants Development Based on Growing Degree Days 2010, 26 (23):  130-133.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 685988KB )   ( 957 )

  Effects of Pruning on Growth, Net photosynthesis Rate and Transpiration Rate of Populus tomentosa in Plantation 2010, 26 (23):  134-139.  Abstract + ( 1584 )   PDF ( 651713KB )   ( 1186 ) Pruning on 4-year-old plantations of Populus tomentosa Carr. with three degrees in Weixian (site I) and Bazhou (site II) of Hebei Province was studied in this paper. The three pruning degrees were low-grade P1, medium-grade P2, strength-grade P3 and the unpruned for control. Tree height, diameter at breast height, physiological parameters including net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in different canopies were measured, in order to explain the impact of pruning from the physiological mechanism. The results were: 1) Pruning inhibited the growth of diameter, in proportion to the increasing intensity of pruning. Difference in P1 and P2 were not significant with CK, while, P3 was significantly different with CK in site I, whereas not significant with CK in site II; 2) Pruning speeded the height growth, and P1,P2 were conspicuously with CK(p＜0.05); 3) The leaf area index(LAI) changed significantly after pruning, and leaf density of pruned Populous stand increased while the LAI of CK decreased. Thus, pruning can extend growing stage of trees; 4) Pruning improved net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of leaves in the middle and upper of crown, but these indices in the bottom crown were low at the same time. Considering from the growth，photosynthetic and physiological indices of Populus tomentosa Carr., branches in the bottom of canopy should be pruned after canopy closing.

  Application of Grey System Theory to forecast Japanese Larch growth 2010, 26 (23):  140-143.  Abstract + ( 1376 )   PDF ( 591751KB )   ( 1079 ) In this paper, based on grey system theory, the general GM(1,1)forecasting model for the growth of Japanese larch in Liaoning Province was set up and it has been proof-tested in model precision. Verified by use of the dates of the Japanese larch with age of 21 and 22, it has been proved that the models was effective in practice. The Model-GM(1，1) on mean DBH comparative diference was 2.4%,3.69%, respectively. The Model-GM(1，1) on mean tree height comparative diference was 3.31%,4.69%,respectively．All of them are 1ess than 5％，which indicates that there are good results for estimation by forecasting.

  Analysis and Applications in Breeding of Japonica Rice’s Genotype and Environmental Effects in Mountainous Area of Guizhou Province 2010, 26 (23):  144-150.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 553600KB )   ( 858 ) Using AMMI model, we analyzed yield’s relative traits such as genotype and environmental effects of varieties（combinations）of japonica rice regional trials of Guizhou Province. The results indicated that the effect degree of genotype, environment, genotype×environment interaction on 7 trials is different: Growing period, effective panicle mainly were effected by environment; Height mainly was influenced by genetic effects and environmental effects; Grain number, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight are also influenced by genotype, environment, genotype×environment interaction. But environmental effects was relatively large. The influence order on yield was: genotype × environment＞genotype＞environment. In mountainous area of Guizhou Province, yield’s relative traits such as genotype, environment, genotype×environment interaction should be selected in order to raise the breeding efficiency.

  Analysis on Genetic Contribution of Plant Type Traits to Lint Yield in Upland Cotton(Gossypum hirsutum L.) 2010, 26 (23):  151-156.  Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 572942KB )   ( 1169 ) An insight into ideotype of cotton is essential for improvement of lint yield and fiber quality. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic contributions of plant type characters to lint yield and find indicator characters for indirect selection of lint yield. A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate nine plant type traits and lint yield for nine cultivar (or breeding lines) and resultant twenty F1 crosses, which were grown at the agriculture experimental station of JXAU, Nanchang, in 2007 and 2008. The data was subject to multivariable conditional analysis based on a genetic model containing additive-dominance and their interaction with environments. The phenotypic contribution of nine plant type characters to lint yield ranged from 0.1% to 11.1%. Additive effects contribution to lint yield was positive and significant at 0.01 level for internodal length (IL), and at 0.05 level for Height of the first sympodial branch (HFSB) and number of fruiting sites per plant (NFS), which were 29.8%, 6.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Sympodial branch angle (SBA) had a high constrain effect on additive effects of lint yield (-39.9%). The contribution of dominant variance of NFS to lint yield was larger than other plant type traits. There was a significant positive contribution of additive by environment interaction effects of IL on lint yield (17.7%). Small or no significant contributions of dominant by environment interaction were detected for all plant type traits investigated. There were largest additive contribution to lint yield of these parents from NFS of parents 2 and 4, HFSB of parents of 3, 5 and 6, IL of parent 7. Indicating no identical trait of diverse parents was showing the largest contribution to additive effect of lint yield. NFS had the highest contribution to dominance effects of lint yield for most F1 crossed, and could be used for selecting the crosses with high lint yield.

  Screening of Varieties in Wheat-Maize Biological Water-saving Annual Culture 2010, 26 (23):  157-162.  Abstract + ( 1419 )   PDF ( 628436KB )   ( 1266 ) In order to rise the crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat-maize biological water-saving annual culture, 13 winter wheat varieties and 14 maize varieties popular planted in Jiaodong area were screened from 2008 autumn to 2009 autumn. No irrigation, irrigation at elongation stage or irrigation at elongation and grain filling stages in wheat and no irrigation or irrigation at flower stage in maize were conducted under the field condition. The results showed that the yield between 5992.485 kg/hm2 to 10045.500 kg/hm2 in wheat and between 7118.535 kg/hm2 to 12220.700 kg/hm2 in maize and WUE between 14.314 kg/(hm2?mm) to 24.238 kg/(hm2?mm) in wheat and between 13.467 kg/(hm2?mm) to 26.124 kg/(hm2?mm) in maize in different varieties under different treats were produced. Five types in wheat and four types in maize were divided by cluster analysis based on yield, water consumption, WUE and irrigation use efficiency (IUE). Jimai 21, Qingfeng 2, Jimai 22 and DH 155 in the tested winter wheat varieties and Xianyu 335, Ludan 981, Denghai 3622, Liyu 16 and Danyu 86 in the tested maize varieties yield higher and had higher WUE that we suggested that 4 varieties of winter wheat and 5 varieties of maize above should be selected in wheat-maize biological water-saving annual culture.

  Lodicules Microscopic Observation of Noncleistogamy and Cleistogamy Wheat 2010, 26 (23):  163-167.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   PDF ( 3394885KB )   ( 1101 ) Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating crop. But most of wheat is noncleistogamy. Contrasting with noncleistogamy, cleistogamy can keep the purity of pure line varieties, reduce the risk of spike disease infection and insure the seed set under stress environment. In order to find the reason which lead to the noncleistogamy and cleistogamy in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and lay the foundation for the exploration of the mechanism in noncleistogamy and cleistogamy. In this study the noncleistogamy variety Luomai 4 and cleistogamy variety Huapei 3 were used as materials. The lodicules were taken while the materials were heading. The depths of lodicules were compared through frozen section, its depths were measured as well. The lodicules’ depths in Luomai 4 were 1.67 times the lodicules’ depths in Huapei 3. The whole clearing method was also taken to discover highs, widths and cell sizes difference between two varieties. The observation was carried out by the differential interference microscope. It was found that the lodicules’ highs and widths between two types (noncleistogamy and cleistogamy) were not difference. The lodicules’ cell sizes of two types were also no significantly difference.

  Effects of Fusarium graminearum Crude Toxin on MDA Contents and Protective Enzyme Activities in the Seedling of Wheat 2010, 26 (23):  168-172.  Abstract + ( 1507 )   PDF ( 613893KB )   ( 1014 ) To clarify the difference of the physiological response of different wheat varieties to the stress of Fusarium graminearum crude toxin and it’s relationship with Fusarium head blight resistance, the seedlings of different wheat varieties were treated with Fusarium graminearum crude toxin. The incremental ratios of MDA contents, SOD and POD activities of seedlings were tested in 0.5~4 days after treatment. The experimental results showed that the incremental ratios of MDA contents in the seedlings of the highly resistant and moderately resistant varieties were lower than susceptible varieties. SOD activity of all varieties increased after treatment and then decreased in the second day after treatment, SOD activity incremental ratios were higher in highly resistant and moderately resistant cultivars than in susceptible varieties. POD activity increased in all kind of varieties in 1~4 days after treatment, but more quickly in susceptible cultivars than in highly resistant ones. There was remarkable difference among different resistant wheat varieties by variance analysis of the second day’s observations and the mean of 2~4 days’ observations of the incremental ratios of MDA content, SOD and POD activities.

  The Effect of Male Sterile Cytoplasm of Gaozhou Wild Rice Populations on Single Plant Yield of F1 Hybrids in Rice 2010, 26 (23):  173-176.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   PDF ( 509367KB )   ( 1097 ) In order to clear the effects of the newly discovered male sterile cytoplasm on yield of hybrid generation and provide evidence for the development and utilization. Sixteen combinations were obtained by crossing three types of isonuclear alloplasmic male sterile lines and their relative maintainer lines with four restorer lines, respectively, the effect of male sterile cytoplasm on the yield per plant of F1 hybrids with the same nuclear background was compared by split-plot-experiment of three seasons within two years. The results showed that male sterile cytoplasms were found expressed negative effects of different degrees on single plant yield of F1 hybrids, but a significant level was not retained among the different cytoplasms; the effect of male sterile cytoplasm of Gaozhou wild rice populations on the average yield were superior than those of wild-abortive rice, although inferior to those of Yegong in South China Late Indica Rice, so the male sterile cytoplasm of Gaozhou wild rice populations was a further exploitable new type ones.

  Patterns of Techniques Integration for Water-saving and High Yield on Spring Maize in Semi-arid Area of West Liaoning 2010, 26 (23):  177-180.  Abstract + ( 1459 )   PDF ( 515786KB )   ( 924 ) Crop yield and economic benefit are very low because of low annual precipitation and its uneven distribution in semi-arid area, west Liaoning. This study aimed to seek suitability of some key water-saving techniques and their integrating patterns. Two patterns were integrated. Of which, one named the water-saving planting pattern of film mulching and limited supplementary irrigation grates in mulching cultivation. While another was called the water-saving planting pattern of irrigating-sowing and limited supplementary irrigation in open cultivation. It showed that the yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits using the two patterns were higher than checked by 30.9% and 21.4%, 48.5% and 49.9%, 34.7% and 33.7%, respectively. It also suggested that these two patterns were suitable for the semi-arid area of west Liaoning.

  Study on Cultural Technique for High Yield in Hybrid Seed Production of ms5ms6 Male-sterile Lines 2010, 26 (23):  181-184.  Abstract + ( 1485 )   PDF ( 547397KB )   ( 1046 ) This experiment based on the design of 4 factors and 5 level secondary orthogonal regression was to make the target function of ginned cotton yield. The results showed: density, amount of N applied, amount of K applied had the great influenced on yield of ginned cotton, in which, the influence of density was the greatest, and that of amount of K applied was the smallest. Based on the analytical results, the regression equation of the ginned-cotton total yield was formed as followed: N 293.56-332.76 kg/hm2, P2O5 141.05-172.84 kg/hm2, K2O 130.05-188.99 kg/hm2, density 26426-29382 plants/hm2. The correlation coefficient between K and boll weight was 0.518, the amount of potassium fertilizer should be valued to improve the quality of seeds in seed production. The boll number per hm2 and ginned cotton output correlation coefficient was extremely obvious, therefore, to improve the boll number per hm2 was the main way to raise the seeds yield.

  Progress in Physiological and molecular mechanism of Drought Resistant in Crop 2010, 26 (23):  185-191.  Abstract + ( 1330 )   PDF ( 609808KB )   ( 1794 ) Drought stress affects plant growth and development seriously. This paper introduces the Physiological and molecular mechanism and the research progress of crop drought tolerance in configuration, osmotic adjustment, scavenging oxidative radicals, endogenous hormones，stress protein, Which could supply several new approaches to research of resistance to drought for water-conservation agriculture in our country.

  Physiological Response of Schefflera odorata cv.Variegata to Cuscuta japonica Parasitization 2010, 26 (23):  192-195.  Abstract + ( 1832 )   PDF ( 656485KB )   ( 995 ) In order to clarify the relationship between dodder and its host plant, and find the effective method for the control of dodder, the physiological responses of Schefflera odorata cv.Variegata to Cuscuta japonica parasitization were studied by using artificial inoculation method. The results showed that the chlorophyl content of Schefflera odorata cv.Variegata was decreased by 45.5% after parasitized by Cuscuta japonica, SOD and PAL enzymes activity were increased 31.9% and 143.6% respectively. While the content of MDA and POD enzyme activity were declined 12.2% and 4.4 respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cond) and transpiration rate (Tr) were obviously decreased. It showed that the physiological response of Schefflera odorata cv.Variegata to Cuscuta japonica parasitization was obviously, and could produce a series of physiological and biochemical reactions to adapt the parasitic stress.

  Effects of varied waterlogging time during full flowering stage on the physiological indices and yield characters of sesame 2010, 26 (23):  196-199.  Abstract + ( 1357 )   PDF ( 498203KB )   ( 890 ) Abstract: Taking anti-waterlogging genotype Henan 1 and No waterlogging genotype Ji Zhi-1 as the experimental materials, the effects of varied waterlogging time during full flowering stage on the physiological indices and yield characters of different genotype sesame were studied. The results showed that: under the conditions of waterlogged in full flowering period, the specific leaf weight, the content of chlorophyll and the root activity of sesame declined gradually as the time waterlogged extended . When the waterlogged time lasted for 72h, the specific leaf weight, the content of chlorophyll and the root activity of sesame declined sharply and the differences reached the extremely significant level (P <0.01) compared with the control. The yield characters of all the waterlogging treatments dropped significantly compared with the control.

  Physiological Responses to Chilling Stress in Transplastomic Tobacco with Atfad8 Gene 2010, 26 (23):  200-203.  Abstract + ( 1502 )   PDF ( 601898KB )   ( 1088 ) Abstract: Physiological response to cold stress in transplastomic Atfad8 tobacco plants and non-transgenic tobacco plants were investigated at 5℃ temperature. The result showed that the content of Malonaldehyde (MDA) and activity of POD under 5℃ treatments were increased, while the activity of SOD and CAT were decreased with the time. Under the cold stress, the activities of POD, SOD and CAT in transplastomic tobacco plants were obviously higher than those in the non-transgenic tobacco plants. The contents of MDA in transplastomic tobacco plants were obviously lower than those in the non-transgenic tobacco plants. The results showed that over expressing Atfad8 gene in chloroplast genome improved the chlling resistance ability of plants.

  Physiological Effects of Plasma on Seed Germination of Winter Wheat under Drought Stress 2010, 26 (23):  204-207.  Abstract + ( 1285 )   PDF ( 632591KB )   ( 934 ) The wheat seeds were treated by different intensities (80-240 W) plasma, under the model drought resistance by using of PEG-6000. The effects of the different intensities of plasma on wheat seedlings were studied. The results showed that effects of different power plasma treatments on seed germination were different. The lateral roots, plant height, root length, dry weight and ratio of root to shoot of five treatments (80-200 W) were higher than the control. But the seed germination was restrained by plasma treatment at 240 W. In the treatment at 160 W on wheat seedlings, the lateral roots, plant height and root length were increased by 14.29%, 16.94% and 9.76%, respectively, as compared with the control. The content of the MOD and membrane lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased, which prevented and decreased the damage of the oxidation on cell membrane. The contents of the SOD, POD and proline were higher than the control under the treatment of the plasma. It indicates that the treatment at 160 W can protect the activities of the enzyme system and retard the damage, and improve the drought resistance of wheat seedlings.

  Different Fertilizer Treatments Impact on Vegetable Yield and Nitrate Content in Chaohu Lake Basin 2010, 26 (23):  208-213.  Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 662879KB )   ( 930 ) Abstract: A field experiment studied and analyzed the effects of different fertilizer treatments on tomatoyield and nitrate nitrogen contents in vegetable lands.The results showed that regions yield of leaf fertilizer and orgnic-inorgnic compound fertilizerdone with the treatments of traditional increased by 5.3%,the amounts of residual nitrate in soil and leaching losses decreased by15.3% and 35% respectively.leaf fertilizer and orgnic-inorgnic compound fertilizer compared with other fertilizer treatments,while ensuring the production,improving the fertilizer using efficiency and reducing the nitrate nitrogen pollution.

  Research and investigation on effects of conservation-oriented mode of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers in sloping-land citrus orchards 2010, 26 (23):  214-218.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 581830KB )   ( 891 ) Modern compost technology was applied to realize reclamation of industry and agricultural waste, and the product (purified organic fertilizer) of it was used in circular economy way to build conservation-oriented fertilization mode of combining organic and inorganic fertilizers in citrus orchards. In this way, traditional economic system in which linear growth depended on chemical fertilizer consumption can be converted into the one in which linear growth depended on conservation-oriented agricultural circular economy. What’s more, research on effects of applying purified organic fertilizers in sloping-land citrus orchards was also conducted. It showed that compared with the result of applying 100% chemical fertilizer in citrus orchards (CK), the result of combining 80% chemical fertilizer and 20% organic fertilizer (T1), the result of combining 60% chemical fertilizer and 40% organic fertilizer (T2), and the result of applying 100% organic fertilizer (T3), respectively increased the citrus yields at 11.1%~18.4%, 13.0%~19.9% and 10.2%~18.2%. The combination fertilization mode of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (mode T1 and mode T2) as well as mode T3 enable vitamin C content of citrus increased 23.4 mg/kg successively on average in 3 years; and the soluble sugar content of citrus increased 1.5 percentage on average. Considering economic and environmental effects, the economic benefit of T1 mode was the highest (55020 RMB/hm2), that of T2 mode and CK mode took the second and third place, and that of T3 mode ranks last. Value to cost ratio(VCR) of the four modes ranked as T1＞CK＞T2＞T3.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Tobacco-Growing Soil Nutrient in the Qianjiang District of Chongqing City 2010, 26 (23):  219-223.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 622554KB )   ( 918 ) In order to understand states of tobacco soil fertility and improve the quality of tobacco leaf production in the qianjiang district of chongqing city, stacking diagram was adopted to sample and analyze in main tobacco-growing areas. The research comprehensively evaluated main nutrient of soil type. The results showed that: firstly, tobacco-growing soil was mostly weak acid or neutral, the contents of available phosphorus, available kalium and organic matter were higher. Most soil fertility was satisfied with production requirement of sound tobacco. Secondly, the content of available nitrogen was lower in the soil, it was to meet the demand of planting tobacco. Thirdly, synthetic appraising index of black sandy loam and yellow soil were higher in qianjiang district. Tobacco-growing soil was suitable to the planting and production of sound tobacco. In the tobacco-growing area, the evaluation index of soil type coincided with the local agricultural production, which had a significance to the local flue-cured tobacco production.

  Effects of Straw Modified Material on Cation Exchange Capacity and Organic Matter of Sandy Soil 2010, 26 (23):  224-228.  Abstract + ( 1499 )   PDF ( 546936KB )   ( 934 ) In order to provide the data foundation for the demonstration of the straw stalk sandy soil ameliorating materials, the pot experiments used to inquire into the interacted function of the straw stalk and Bentonite and PAM (Polyacrylamide) were designed. The results indicate that it obviously raises the content of the soil cation exchange capacity and the contents of the soil organic matter and humus. The best formula respectively improves the content of the soil cation exchange capacity and the contents of the soil organic matter and humus by 36%, 28%, 25% compared with the contrast in 60 days.

  Studies on the Limitation Factors of Rice Yield and Quality in Different Cold Region of Northeast China 2010, 26 (23):  229-233.  Abstract + ( 1428 )   PDF ( 627601KB )   ( 944 ) Two years studies on the limitation factors of rice yield and quality were conducted during 2006-2007 by the method of field multi-sited experiments in two cold region of northeast China under seven treatments(OPT, OPT-N,OPT-P,OPT-K,OPT-B,OPT-Zn,CK0). Results indicated that the nutrient of nitrogen was the most important limitation factors of rice yield and quality, next was the nutrient of potassium.for quality,two kinds nutrient affected taste quality and the ratio of brown rice,milled rice,head milled rice. But Components of rice yield were reduced under nitrogen deficiency.

  Influence of soil tillage and water irrigation on soil fertility in rice paddy 2010, 26 (23):  234-237.  Abstract + ( 1380 )   PDF ( 501136KB )   ( 1054 ) Field experiments were conducted in the late season of 2007 and in the early season of 2008 to compare the differences of soil fertility factors in rice paddy under no tillage, conventional tillage with wet irrigation, alternation irrigation and water layer irrigation. Results showed that the greatest alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content was observed under water layer irrigation followed by wet irrigation and alternation irrigation; the greatest available phosphorus content was observed under wet irrigation followed by alternation irrigation and water layer irrigation; the greatest available potassium content was observed under alternation irrigation followed by wet irrigation and water layer irrigation; the greatest organ matter content was observed under wet irrigation followed by water layer irrigation and alternation irrigation; the greatest pH value was observed under wet irrigation followed by alternation and water layer irrigation. Under the same irrigation pattern, convention tillage field indicated greater contents of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organ matter than no tillage field, while no tillage field indicated greater pH value and greater available potassium content. It can be concluded that water irrigation revealed greater impact on soil fertility than soil tillage.

  Study on the Diversity and Application of Landscape Plants in Xinyang City 2010, 26 (23):  238-243.  Abstract + ( 1423 )   PDF ( 589259KB )   ( 1078 ) Based on the anterior plentiful investigation and literatures, the geographical compositions and the characteristics of the landscape plants in Xinyang city were studied. The results were as following: (1) the landscape plants were abundant in Xinyang city. In this region there were 545 species, 251 genera and 98 families in landscape plants, which include 54 species, 18 genera and 7 families in gymnosperm and 491 species, 233 genera and 91 families in angiosperm. There were 446 species, 209 genera and 83 families in dicotyledon and 45 species, 24 genera and 8 families in monocotyledon among the angiosperm. (2) the most of the landscape plants belonged to temperate zone types and some belonged to subtropical zone types. The characteristic had a clear transitional. This was consistent with natural geographic location at the north sub-tropical to warm temperate zones of transition. (3) the types of natural flora was only about 1/4, the non-natural floristic composition had an advantage in the landscape plants in Xinyang. We should consider the cultivation of domesticated species to the local natural flora in order to rich landscape and enhance the adaptability of landscape plants.At the same time we should increase the proportion of vines and herbaceous plants in order to form rich and varied landscape.

  Campus landscape And cultural integration——Guilin travel professionals new campus landscape design idea 2010, 26 (23):  244-248.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   PDF ( 2557899KB )   ( 963 ) This innovative feature of the campus from the aesthetic point of view, Guilin Institute of Tourism (hereinafter referred to Guilin Tour professionals) put forward the new campus as an example of the campus landscape design concept and basic ideas，Explore how local culture and campus landscape combine to create a distinctive, rich connotation of the campus environment。 To other institutions to the school's History and culture in construction of the layout Provide a demonstration and learning。

  Research on Cold Stress of Sedum in Light Rooftop Greening 2010, 26 (23):  249-253.  Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 732867KB )   ( 936 ) Abstract:This paper researches on cold tolerance of several sedums in light rooftop greening taking Reineckia carnea as comparison.By screening, the results showed Sedum plants have different adaptability with increase in cold stress. Integrated in physiology,Varieties of cold tolerance as follows: Sedum spurium ‘Coccineum’> Sedum acre> Lonicera japonica>Sedum linera> Sedum album > Sedum sexangulare > Reineckia carnea (CK)> Sedum polytrichoides > Sedum kamtschaticum,and this is consistent with the observation of field experiments.

  Establishment and Optimization of ISSR-PCR Reaction System in Pyrus py rifolia Nakai 2010, 26 (23):  254-258.  Abstract + ( 1353 )   PDF ( 1215188KB )   ( 994 ) The influenced factors of ISSR-RCR reaction were optimized and the effect of 5 factors such as annealing temperature， Taq DNA polymerase dosage， DNA templates concentration， primer concentration and dNTPs concentration using single factor experiment based on the Pyrus py rifolia Nakai genomic. Its reaction system and amplified procedure were established that is 20μl amplification reaction system containing lxTaq enzyme PCR buffer，0.5 U Taq DNA polymerase， 100μmol /L dNTPs，0.7μmol/ L primer，2.25 mmol/LMgCl2, 40ng template DNA. The optimized annealing temperature is 52℃.The optimal amplified procedure was as follows: after apre-denaturing of 5 min at 94℃,40 cycles were performed with 45s for denaturing at 94℃，annealing of 45s at 52℃，extension of 1 min at 72℃，10 minutes of extension at 72℃ in the final cycle and hold at 4℃.Using primers 863 was selected to separate 16 copies Pyrus py rifolia Nakai material. The extablishment of the ISSR-PCR reaction system could settle favorable foundation for identification of cauliflower cultivars， classification and analysis of the genetic diversity of cauliflower using ISSR molecular marker techniques.

  Effects of Different Culture Conditions on Content of Polysaccharide and Total Alkaloids of Anoectochilus formosanus 2010, 26 (23):  259-262.  Abstract + ( 1370 )   PDF ( 579266KB )   ( 1091 ) To investigate tissue culture conditions to increase certain medicinal ingredients in tissue culture seedlings of Anoectochilus formosanus,using its tissue culture seedlings as the material,set four sucrose concentrations 1％,2%,3%,4％ and four treatments of subculture 10,30,50,70 days,then measured the content of polysaccharide and total alkaloids from its tissue culture seedlings after culturing for some time. The results showed that 4% of sucrose concentration was the most suitable quantity on the accumulation of polysaccharide;Polysaccharide content showed an increase after the first reduction with subculture days. Total alkaloid content decreased with the increase of sucrose concentration,and it was the highest with 1% of sucrose concentration. The content of total alkaloids was the highest after 50d days of subculture.

  The Study of the different Soil trentments on Forsythia mand shurica Uyeki’s Growth 2010, 26 (23):  263-266.  Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 611405KB )   ( 1133 ) Took Forsythia mandschurica as experiment material, investigated the effect of the soil under Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Picea koraiensis, the garden soil covering deadwoods on Forsythia mandschurica’s growth.. From the perspective of landscape construction, try to selected for the shrubs for growth under the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Picea koraiensis The results showed that: the growths which the soil under Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and the garden soil covering deadwoods both played no evident role on promoting or inhibit Forsythia mandschurica’s growth, but only on the accumulation of organic matter and chlorophyll’s composed had role in promoting; in addition to the soil under Picea koraiensis promoted the young sprout’s growth and promote the synthesis of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll; the garden soil covering Picea koraiensis deadwoods played no evident role on promoting or inhibit Forsythia mandschurica’s growth.

  Discussion the Characteristics and rehabilitation of Ancient Lotus Pond 2010, 26 (23):  267-270.  Abstract + ( 1508 )   PDF ( 973106KB )   ( 1045 ) Ancient Lotus Pond for the study of Chinese classical garden has an important significance. This paper briefly introduces the development course of Ancient Lotus Pond from layout, construction technique, water system is analyzed several aspects of the features, and the reconstruction of the controversial.

  Study on protocol for explant sterilization of Chamelaucium uncinatum in tissue culture 2010, 26 (23):  271-274.  Abstract + ( 1347 )   PDF ( 569915KB )   ( 870 ) The effect of explant sterilization of Chamelaucium uncinatum in tissue culture was studied,such as disinfectors,the time of fetching material,cutting sites and antibiotics.Result showed that, the optimum explants were terminal bud cut from October to March in next year,and the optimum way of sterilizing treatment was that explants were dipped in 75% alcohol for 30s,then in 0.1% HgCl2 for 8min. However antibiotics added into media can not inhibit contamination caused by endophytes.

  Comparative study on photosynthesis Characteristics of four Pumpkin cultivars 2010, 26 (23):  275-277.  Abstract + ( 1407 )   PDF ( 565074KB )   ( 1055 ) In this research, the changes of net photosynthetic rate of four Pumpkin cultivars were detected by automatic light quantum monitoring system at their vigorous growing stage (early flowering and setting fruit) in open field and solar greenhouse respectively, and the Photons were checked by quantometer at the same time. The pumpkin cultivars were used in our studies are as follows: Cucurbina moschata Duch.(Taijiuxiuli), C. mamxima Duch.(Yongan N0.2, giant pumpkin, NO.036, American mini pumpkin), C. pepo L.(Jingying NO.1), C. ficifolia Bouch(Yunnan black seed squash). The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of these four kinds of pumpkin were generally showed hyperbolic type, but were different in peak occurs time and peak values. The peak appeared around 15:30 in the afternoon, and the sub-peak appears in 9-11:30. The first peak of the C. pepo L. (Jingying NO.1) was the earliest to appear; the diurnal variation of transpiration rate E was also basically showed hyperbolic type, and there were some differences between the different cultivars, which C. moschata Duch.(Taijiuxiuli) has the highest water efficiency, while the black-seed squash was the lowest water efficiency.

  The Effects of Rare Earth Elements Lanthanum on Vigor of Weixian Radish Old Seeds 2010, 26 (23):  278-280.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 610185KB )   ( 1012 ) To reveal the influence of Lanthanum on the seed vigor of Weixian Radish, the effects of Lanthanum in different concentration and different treating time on vigor of Weixian radish’s old seeds were researched, and germination energy, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index was tested. The results showed that germination energy, germination rate, and germination index was increased significantly by soaking seeds in 0-10 mg/L LaCl3 for 12 h or 24 h. However, vigor index was increased significantly only by soaking seeds for 12 h. When soaking seeds in 0-10 mg/L LaCl3 for 36 h or 48 h, germination energy, germination rate, and germination index was decreased and vigor index was increased a little. However, the difference between the control and the treated was not significant. The Weixian radish old seeds were soaked in 2.5 mg/L LaCl3 for 12 h was optimal for improving seed vigor in practice.

  The Preliminary Testing of Verticillium wilt Resistance in 8 G.hirsutum L. Cotton CSSL 2010, 26 (23):  281-285.  Abstract + ( 1149 )   PDF ( 628754KB )   ( 921 ) Eight chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) of Gossypium hirsutum source of the same background were tested for resistance to Verticillium wilt, which contrasted with high resistance to Verticillium wilt Xin Lu-zao 33 and susceptibility to Verticillium wilt Xin Lu-zhong 36 in Xinjiang Province. Sprinkle the strain suspention on root in non-bottom plastic film bottle and natural disease garden methods were selected to test the resistance. The rate of disease, disease index, relative resistant index and countermeasure effectiveness were adopted in the original text. The discovery showed that infection type of relative resistance index was consistent with disease index. The infection type of countermeasure effectiveness was lower than the infection type of relative resistance index. The qualification standard of flower and boll stage was lower than that of seedling. The results demonstrated that CSSL of code NO.CSSL155 could be selected as resistant variety to Verticillium wilt; correlativity analysis on the appraisal that seedling stage appraisal index and flower bell expected that we could use the seedling stage appraisal to forecast fully grown plant scheduled time, the disease-resistant breeding provides the theory basis to routine; at the same time this testing provided the theoretical basis of conventional breeding for Verticillium wilt disease resistance.

  Identification of Lacquer anthracnose pathogen and its biological characteristics research 2010, 26 (23):  286-290.  Abstract + ( 1566 )   PDF ( 832038KB )   ( 1003 ) Lacquer leaves infected with anthracnose disease were collected, and pure culture of the pathogen was acquired by tissue isolation method. The pathogen is determined to be Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. by its morphologic characters, cultural characteristics, pathogenicity and host range. Further research work on its biological characteristics was conducted. It was found that mycelial growth of Lacquer anthracnose pathogen had a linear correlation with the cultural time. The temperature range of the mycelial growth is 10~35 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 25~28 ℃. The lethal temperature of conidia is 48℃. The conidia cannot germinate until relative humidity reaches 90%. Continuous light may promote the increasing of yield and sporulation of mycelia. The mycelia can grow at the range of pH 3~12, and the optimum growth pH is 6.0. The Lacquer anthracnose pathogen can utilize many kinds of carbon and nitrogen source. The mycelia will grow better if glucose, fruitose was used as the carbon sources and asparamide, alanine was used as the nitrogen sources.

  Experiments on Trapping the Diamondback Moths by Using Sticky Sex-pheromone Traps & Research into Images Identification System 2010, 26 (23):  291-294.  Abstract + ( 1363 )   PDF ( 1425761KB )   ( 860 ) To trap the diamondback moths by using sticky sex-pheromone traps. Process the images of the trapped the diamondback moth, without the picture background. Distinguish the pests by the area they cover or the morphological characteristics. The pests that cover a lot of space can be recognized easily, while the opposite should be analyzed by their colors, for example the accuracy of the diamondback moth can be 96%.

  The Control Effect of 17 type of abamectin Mixtures Against Panonychus citri 2010, 26 (23):  295-298.  Abstract + ( 1454 )   PDF ( 518705KB )   ( 1097 ) Abstract: The control effect of 17 type abamectin mixtures against Panonychus citri were tested in orange through field spray. The results showed that, 3 days after single spray, 14 mixtures got control effect above 90%. Ten days after single spray, 12 mixtures got control effect above 90% .The mixture of 10% abamectin－pyridaben EW got the quickest response and a control effect of above 97% was observed one day after spray. The longest lasting effect was from 25% abamectin-fenbutatin oxide WP and 86% control effect still existed after 30 days of spray. It was concluded that, reasonably mixture of abamectin with other acaricides could effectively prevent the attack by Panonychus citri in orange.

  Comparison Experiment of Different Sex Pheromone traps of Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylotessa L. 2010, 26 (23):  299-301.  Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 577376KB )   ( 929 ) The sex pheromone trap is effective to capture adults diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus). By using sex pheromone trap, the diamondback moth population can be reduced and the pesticide usage will be decreased obviously. The trapping efficiency of six sex pheromone lure of diamondback moth was compared. The results show that, the daily mean number of the diamondback moths trapped by lure A, B, F was significantly higher than other lure C, E, D,Lure A, B, F was close to each other. They were also showed the same results occur on the sensitivity of improved trap and hightest single-day diamondback moth trapped in the 30 days. But the Trapping properties showed different at different time segment. In the 1st-10th day, the efficiency of lure A were significantly higher than any other induced core; lure E, C weir also significantly higher than those lure D. In the 11st-20th day, the adult number captured by lure A and B are very close, but the number captured by lure F is relative small. At the same time, the number captured by lure E is much more than C, D. In the 21st-30th day, the numbers of diamondback month adult captured by lure A, B, F are closed to each other.

  Notes on three Herpetogramma species feeding on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. 2010, 26 (23):  302-304.  Abstract + ( 1478 )   PDF ( 1182370KB )   ( 1027 ) Three Herpetogramma species were firstly reported to feed Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. in Changsha. The Herpetogramma submarginalis recorded from China and the Herpetogramma fuscescens from Mainland China for the first time. Based on the survey in the field, the three Herpetogramma species fed largely on the terrestrial-type of A. philoxeroides, and significantly restrained the spread for the terrestrial-type of A. philoxeroides. The morphological and biological characteristics of the three Herpetogramma species are described briefly, and photographs of adults and genitalia are provided in this paper.

  3S Technology in Xuchang Work of Straw Jinshao 2010, 26 (23):  305-309.  Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 684041KB )   ( 1013 ) The burning of crop straws as a major problem has been bothered the city government management in xuchang. In order to solve the problem, the author introduced the basic principle, method and workflow on the work of straw jinshao by 3S technology in bureau of meteorology in xuchang city, through the application of 3S technology, in other words, the discovery and exploration of RS high temperature heat source such as point, GIS used to help determine the high temperature heat source such as point of qualitative and statistical graphics, GPS was used for precise location of fire points. In summer, straw burning was monitored and controlled by 3S technology to understand scientifically and accurately the dynamic changes of straw burning, improve the ability and the efficiency of supervision and inspection, also provide the extent and scope because of smoke on the highway and airport for the transport and shipping sector, and reduce safety risks.

  Time Series Construction of MODIS-NDVI on Dry-Land in Liaoning Province 2010, 26 (23):  310-317.  Abstract + ( 1445 )   PDF ( 948520KB )   ( 937 ) Abstract: Along with EOS satellite lift-off, what the people most pay attention is whether the NDVI product of NOAA to continue as well as whether to use the high resolution the product to substitute, therefore the author used MODIS-NDVI and the AVHRR-NDVI material during 4 years in late May to late September from 2005 to 2008, through to the NDVI succession's pretreatment, and adopted the district appraisal and studied the two's fitting relations. According to the AVHRR-NDVI material, restructured MODIS-NDVI the long time series from 1999 to 2009. The results indicated: MODIS-NDVI and AVHRR-NDVI has the extremely remarkable linear relationship, the correlation coefficient is 0.675-0.906 (n=52), Liaoxi is highest, Liaobei, Liaozhong area are next, Liaonan is slightly low. Through the examination, this fitting equation rate of accuracy besides the Liaozhong area average rate of accuracy 75%, other local fitting equation's rate of accuracy surpasses 80%, the fitting effect is ideal. Through the long time series vegetation index's change characteristic, reflected the vegetation to the climate warming response and to inquire about that between the vegetation and the climate relations provided have depended on according.

  The Research on Risk Characteristics and Heating Type of Shaanxi Greenhouse Vegetables Frozen Injury Based on County Unit 2010, 26 (23):  318-324.  Abstract + ( 1409 )   PDF ( 775814KB )   ( 912 ) The low temperature frozen injury is the main meteorological disaster of greenhouse winter vegetables in arid and semi arid areas of Shaanxi province. Quantitatively determine the risk of frozen injury and clear the heating boundary are significance to greenhouse design. Summarized the frozen indexes of different levels in northern area and Guanzhong area of Shaanxi. Proposed the monthly scales quantitative analysis and computation methods of the average risk of frozen injury of winter greenhouse vegetables based on county units. Analysed the time characteristics of the average risk of frozen injury of former winter months of 68 counties which in the study area. The results showed that the frequency of light frozen injury was more than the moderate and severe in all the counties and the frequency of frozen injury of each grade decrease successively from Jan. to Dec. and in the end of Feb. Severe frozen injury never appeared in some counties of Guanzhong area in Dec and Feb. The Cˉ value of Northern Shaanxi was 0.6-0.7 in Dec. and Jan. and 0.5-0.7 in Feb. The Cˉ value of Guanzhong area is 0.1-0.6 in Dec. and Feb. and 0.2-0.7 in Jan. The analysis of frozen injury risk showed that it had a big difference in different years and amplitude significantly. According to those characteristics and the production status of greenhouse vegetables in arid and semi arid areas of Shaanxi province, divided Shaanxi greenhouse area into three heating zone: winter continuous heating zone, simple heating zone, low temperature temporary heating zone and determined the heating boundary.

  The Application of Remote Sensing Monitoring during Severe Drought in 2006 summer in Chongqing 2010, 26 (23):  325-330.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 3343547KB )   ( 1015 ) According to the MODIS data from June 10 to September 21 in 2006, 12 phases of drought spatial distribution in Chongqing have been gotten based on vegetation supply water index (VSWI), which showed the whole evolution process of severe drought in 2006 in Chongqing from drought occurred - increased - relieved - increased again - complete remission. To verify the monitor accuracy of VSWI in Chongqing severe drought in 2006, the soil moisture data in 170 soil moisture monitoring stations in the same period was used. The results are shown as three aspects: 1. Vegetation supply water index (VSWI) based on MOIDS data can monitor in real-time and feedback effectively summer drought in Chongqing. 2. VSWI and soil moisture have a good negative correlation. 3. The correlation index between VSWI and soil moisture also have certain relationships with elevation.

  Basic Features of Photosynthetic Active Radiation over Cropland in Huaihe Valley 2010, 26 (23):  331-335.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   PDF ( 745274KB )   ( 975 ) The research based on the solar radiation observation data of the Shouxian National Climate Observatory (32°30.83' N, 116°46.47' E) of the whole 2008 year. The research analyzed the features of the annual, seasonal and daily variation of PAR, and the ratio of the Solar short-wave radiation (Rs). The annual amount of PAR of the area was 1970.8 MJ/m2. The average daily volume of spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively: 6.83 MJ/m2, 6.58 MJ/m2, 4.28 MJ/m2, 3.80 MJ/m2. The monthly average PAR/Rs value between 0.37 and 0.43, the maximum value was 0.43 in summer, the minimum value was 0.37 in winter, and annual average value was 0.40. Found the changes in PAR in sunny and cloudy days was significantly different, PAR/Rs values cloudy day bigger than the sunny day, PAR/Rs value was 0.42 in the typical cloudy day over the year, whereas PAR/Rs value was 0.39 in the typical sunny day. Clouds, water vapor, solar radiation and atmospheric turbidity had effects on PAR / Rs.

  Elementary study on spray coating of acrylic acid using supercritical CO2 as highly volatile solventⅠ.study on the influence of supercritical CO2 on physical property of acrylic acid 2010, 26 (23):  336-340.  Abstract + ( 1637 )   PDF ( 1152354KB )   ( 850 ) In this paper, the influence of supercritical CO2 on acrylic acid resin was characterized by viscosity-average molar mass method and FT-IR.The concentration change was investigated, using GC, on n-butyi acetate and dibutyl ester solution sample under the effect of supercritical CO2，and the partial mole volume of n-butyi acetate was measured at different pressures and 338K. The result indicated that the character of acrylic acid resin and other components in acrylic acid coating are not changed by SC-CO2，and n-butyi acetate, as active solvent, can improve the solubility of SC-CO2 in acrylic acid coating, which can more effectually reduce the viscosity of coating solution. Moreover, it is feasible to take dibutyl ester solution as plasticizer.

  ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENC NOTION OF CONCEPTION OF DESERTIZATION AND ITS CAUSE 2010, 26 (23):  341-344.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 573216KB )   ( 937 ) Conception is very important to science communication and science research. In allusion to controversy on the conception of desertization among scientists, the author refers to a lot of literatures and analyzes diverse of conceptions of desertizcation and its reasons in the paper. This study has found out that divarication on the conception of desertization is due to its cause; while deserts and sands in the north of china have positive and passive process owing to natural and artificial reasons; and the conception of desertization is that wind power results in sandy desertification.

  Effect of Two Petroleum Degradation Fungi on Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil 2010, 26 (23):  345-348.  Abstract + ( 1520 )   PDF ( 898811KB )   ( 1204 ) In order to study remediation of fungi on petroleum-contaminated soil, two fungi which were isolated from the petroleum polluted salt alkaloid soil with the petroleum degeneration ability were mixed with humic acid to form the microbial inoculum. The degradation efficiency, polyphenol oxidase activity and microbial diversity of the soil were monitored in pot experiments periodically. The results showed that in the case of tested the soil total petroleum hydrocarbon content of 2.1×104 mg/kg, the total concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon decreased by 33.13% after 56 days of incubation, which was 1.69 times higher than that of CK; polyphenol oxidase activity increased 41.94% than that of CK, stimulating both the abundance and diversity of soil microbe. As a result, this paper had demonstrated the effectiveness of the two strains of fungi on petroleum-contaminated soil.

  Study on the Development Strategy of International Cooperation of the Tropical Agriculture Sciences and Technologies 2010, 26 (23):  349-353.  Abstract + ( 1460 )   PDF ( 506090KB )   ( 1304 ) This paper summarizes the Sino-foreign cooperation status in tropical agricultural sciences and technologies, and points out that China has made a good basement for international cooperation in tropical agricultural sciences and technologies. At the same time, problems of international cooperation in tropical agricultural sciences and technologies are analyzed. Based on above research, developing strategies to promoting Sino-foreign cooperation in tropical agricultural sciences and technologies are put forward as follows：the State should organize internal tropical agricultural science and technology entities to develop international cooperation step by step under the specified plan; the relevant cooperation strategy should be taken to different characteristic of agricultural resources and science development of countries; international scientific cooperation project and principal programmes should be taken part in or organized in order to make the most use of international intelligence and strive for leading the international development of tropical agricultural science and technology.

  Comparative Study on the Blueberry Industry of China and Foreign Countries 2010, 26 (23):  354-359.  Abstract + ( 1302 )   PDF ( 638901KB )   ( 1757 ) In recent years, the blueberry cultivation and processing industry developed quickly and the same trend on blueberry development in China. Base on the experience of mainly production country, the development way of blueberry in China were analysis in this paper. The result showed that Sci & Tech support, production research and development, support by the government, and the market were the core field of the blueberry industry development in China.

  Soybean Production in Hebei Province Situation Analysis and Development Strategies in Recent Years 2010, 26 (23):  360-364.  Abstract + ( 1680 )   PDF ( 617903KB )   ( 1125 ) Abstract: This paper detailed analysis the situation in soybean production in Hebei Province by the data in the late 15 years. The paper considers: Soybean acreage in Hebei Province is at an average annual rate of more than 2.8 million hectares decline ,from 62.9 million hectares in 1993 fell to 20.3 million hectares in 2008, reduced by two thirds,for the lowest points since the founding of New China; and soybean Yield levels are at an average annual rate of 5% increase, yield level has more than 2000kg per hectare. However, due to larger decrease in planted area, total production of soybean at an average annual rate of about 4.4 million tons to decline ,from 103.4 million tons in 1993 fell to the present 38 million tons .The article also introduced the distribution of the province soybean planting and application types, new technologies and the emergence of a typical high-yield. Pointed out the problems in soybean production and technology needs, while proposals for future development of soybean production in Hebei Province should take countermeasures.

  Study on the Present Situation and Strategy of Castor Industry in Baicheng City 2010, 26 (23):  365-369.  Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 531644KB )   ( 1147 ) Castor is the dominant crops in the characteristics of Baicheng City, with the development of castor processing industry, increasing demand for domestic and foreign markets. Planting area of castor is gradually alleviated in the Baicheng City, and the economic benefit increased is gradually increased in successive years, process capability significantly increased, Production and marketing cooperation execute orders mode, the market potential of a larger space, varieties mix，low yields, planting bases scattered, processing product r & d slow, industrial chain is short, and therefore, We should take: Outstanding leading enterprises shepherd, expand base size, strengthen technology services, strengthening the construction association etc measures, such as the special advantage castor Baicheng City crop depth development, give full play to its advantages in resources, continuously improve the Baicheng City castor worth, castor industry bigger and stronger.

  Temporal Spatial Variation of per Unit Area Grain Yield and Its Causes in Sichuan Province 2010, 26 (23):  370-374.  Abstract + ( 1536 )   PDF ( 683033KB )   ( 1067 ) In order to reveal the temporal spatial variation of per unit area grain yield and its causes in Sichuan province. Based on the statistical date of 21 cities (states, districts) in Sichuan province, temporal spatial variation of per unit area grain yield and its causes from 1988 to 2008 were discussed by using statistical analysis and gray correlation analysis. The results indicated that: (1) The average of per unit area grain yield in Sichuan province was higher than the national average, and the per unit area grain yield in cities showed increasing trend by and large. (2) The regional differences were very obvious in variation of per unit area grain yield among the cities. The highest was Deyang, and the lowest was Ganzi, the former was 2.5 times as the latter. However, the gap among the cities was gradually reduced. (3) The per unit area grain yield of more than half of cities increased significantly and except Ziyang, the per unit area grain yield in other cities rose slightly. (4) Gray correlation analysis showed that: the most important factors affecting variation of per unit area grain yield were total consumption of fertilizer, the agricultural production prices. It was an important method to improve per unit area grain yield, exploit potentials by increasing the material input of agricultural production, perfecting the agricultural infrastructure and improving low-yield fields for the regional food security.

  Quantitative Estimation on Drought Yield and Economic Loss of the Regional Crop——Take Tangshan as the Example 2010, 26 (23):  375-379.  Abstract + ( 1187 )   PDF ( 551550KB )   ( 1000 ) Drought loss was estimated about the yield losses and economic losses, based on the drought area of summer crops in Tangshan from 1991 to 2006. The results showed that: （1）The total grain reduction of summer grain crops was 17.99×108kg from 1991 to 2006, the average annual cut was 1.12×108kg;Maximum Year of yield loss was 1999 （The cut was 2.2×108kg）,Minimum Year of yield losses was 2006 （The cut was 0.2×108kg）.（2）According to the constant price of 1990, the total economic loss was 15.3×108 yuan, the average annual loss was 0.96×108yuan. According to the current price, the total economic loss was 19.6×108yuan, the average annual loss was 1.2×108yuan. （3）Maximum Year of profit loss was 1995 （The profit loss was 0.68×108 yuan）, Minimum Year of profit loss was 2000 （The profit loss was-178.4×104 yuan）. Economic losses and yield loss according to the constant and current prices was non-consistency relative to profits loss, which has a certain reference for the development of agricultural insurance policy.

  Circulation System Status and Thinking of Modern Agricultural Products-Give An Example of Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province 2010, 26 (23):  380-384.  Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 613074KB )   ( 1022 ) The further development of agriculture has been the main contradictions flow from production areas to market, the domestic agricultural market is facing severe challenge, a large farmers market, the contradictions of small production and large circulation will become more prominent. In this context, the study of qiqihar city, heilongjiang province as the research object, the author investigated the circulation status of agricultural products to understand the status quo and build the basic framework of agricultural products circulation system, system-levels of evaluation index, and by AHP to find the relative influence of each factor. Finally, the problems of agricultural products circulation system in qiqihar were analyzed to put forward new ideas for the construction of agricultural products circulation system in qiqihar. Through this study, the author hopes to promote the development of agricultural economy in qiqihar city, constitute an open, competitive, standardized, and orderly market system of agricultural products to ensure the smooth flow of agricultural products in qiqihar city.

  Effect of artificial shell break assistant before natural hatching on the growth of juvenile soft shelled turtle( Trionyx sinensis) 2010, 26 (23):  385-391.  Abstract + ( 1642 )   PDF ( 670933KB )   ( 1009 ) The trial to compare the effects on the growth and development of soft-shelled turtle ( Trionyx sinensis) with and without artificial shell break assistant (ASBA) before natural hatching were conducted. Results showed that the hatching rate and the growth rate of juvenile soft-shelled turtle were not affected significantly ( P < 0.01) by the ASBA at the first 30 days. The survival rate of the ASBA turtle was 100% and the physical quality of the majority young soft-shelled turtles with ASBA were in category one according to the evaluation standard. The suitable accumulated temperature for the implementation of ASBA during incubation is 28800-30000℃ and the total time for turtle eggs hatching is about 40-50 days. To get the eggs wet by watering on the day before ASBA could get the best result . The ASBA could shorten the hatching period for about 10 days and earn more time for the growth of turtle before winter. . So the turtle could intake more feed and increase its resistance to the environmental stress. The growth indexes of turtles with ASBA were better than those without ASBA. In conclusion, one of the ways for improving the economic benefit of soft-shelled turtle culture is to breed juvenile soft-shelled turtles in large scale and shorten the incubation period by artificial shell break assistant.

  Effect of Restoration on Intensive Ponds by Multilevel Bio-system with the Method of Principal Component Analysis 2010, 26 (23):  392-396.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 700382KB )   ( 931 ) The multilevel bio-system which was composed of three parts, suspension of the immobilized biofilm structure of the artificial substrates, cultivation of the floating-bed -vegation and submerged macrophyte, was used to restore the intensive ponds. And the method of principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the restoration effect. The results showed that the using of the multilevel bio-system made the integrated scores of principal components drop to a low level, which meant that after the technology referred above being used, the comprehensive status of the water quality of intensive ponds got better. The further analysis with PCA also showed that the main nutrition factor making the ponds eutrophicatin was the N element, and the organic ingredients were the key factor of oxygen consumption. To sum up, the method of PCA can be used to assess the restoration effect of external purifying technology.

  Research on the Development of Agricultural Biomass Energy Industry 2010, 26 (23):  397-402.  Abstract + ( 1172 )   PDF ( 595199KB )   ( 1640 ) The development of agricultural biomass energy industry has attracted world attention for the both function of energy utilization and environmental protection. The paper expatiated the significances of agricultural biomass energy industry in China briefly, analysed the current situation of the industry, and reviewed the important experiences of developed countries in agricultural biomass energy industry. And it focused on the status and problems of the industry in China, and then made the development ideas, direction and keystones. Finally, it gave four policy suggestions.

  The Research of how to establish the New Type Agricultural socialized Service System 2010, 26 (23):  403-412.  Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 826617KB )   ( 1081 ) Abstract: Given the changes of national policy and internal requirements of agricultural development, this paper analyzes the background of building a new agricultural socialized service system, and put forward the framework and specific tasks of this new system. It also gives policy suggestions on how to define the roles of government and market, and how to protect the autonomy of farmer's production management in the construction of this new system.

  Impact of Cultivated Land on Chinese Food Security Based on China Agricultural CGE Model 2010, 26 (23):  413-419.  Abstract + ( 1504 )   PDF ( 778549KB )   ( 1099 ) This paper analyzed the food security issue under the assumption of reduction of cultivated land based on China agricultural general equilibrium model (CGE). The results show that reduction of cultivated grain land could result in the fluctuation of price index of CPI, price index of GDP, price index of investment and price index of export, bring the result of investment, capital and real GDP reduction, directly effect employment, real wages, nominal wages, household disposable income, make household consumption and government consumption reduction. RMB appreciation, tariff revenue reduction, net exports contribution to GDP decreased, national macroeconomic situation deteriorated. Therefore, the red line of 1.2 billion hm2 of cultivated land must be kept to ensure national food security.

  Property Rights of the Rural Community Cooperatives 2010, 26 (23):  420-426.  Abstract + ( 1539 )   PDF ( 582011KB )   ( 960 ) Abstract: The rural community cooperatives replaced the collective economic organizations which had exist more than 50 years in some developed rural area in China. We take Chenxiang as an example to study the property rights of rural community cooperatives. The rural community cooperatives property rights are clarified. The shareholders have property ownership, control rights and residual claimant. The rights and interests of shareholders will not be deprived when shareholders move. The cooperatives asset will not be mixed or removed simply when residences combine. The rural community cooperatives have more institutional performances than the rural collective economic organization. The rural community cooperatives favor development of rural democratic institution, favor keeping same value or increment of assets and increasing of villagers’ income, also favor migration and rural urbanization. The rural community cooperative is an optional institution for the building of new countryside.

  Experimental Analysis about Influence of Rural Migrant Workers on Left-behind Children’s Education in Out-Flowing Area-The Case of Sichuan Province 2010, 26 (23):  427-432.  Abstract + ( 1483 )   PDF ( 728494KB )   ( 1262 ) Under different types of areas and different flowing-out modes, this research analyzed the influence of rural migrant workers on left-behind children’s education in out-flowing area, so as to promote healthy development of the children. With research data in Sichuan province, this paper carried out an experimental analysis about influence of rural migrant workers on left-behind children’s education in out-flowing area, by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on analytic hierarchy and entropy. The results indicated that: (1) influence on hilly regions was outstanding; (2) the effect of single parents was superior; (3) spirit health was very significant impact on hilly children; (4) impact of legality was very significant on mountainous children; (5) impact of legality was very significant on hilly children. Based on that, the relevant suggestions were put forward.

  Analysis on Factors of Agriculture Innovation Environment Evaluation-Taking the Investigation in Tianjin as an Example 2010, 26 (23):  433-436.  Abstract + ( 1367 )   PDF ( 541937KB )   ( 919 ) Innovation environment is the advanced technology achievements transformation base for area, industry and enterprise. Good innovation environment can ensure work order, effectiveness and continuity of scientific innovation activities. To perception of scientific personnel, this paper wanted to find the effect factors of agriculture innovation environment evaluation on the base of investigation in Tianjin, by the stepwise regression analysis. Research shows that incitement system, trial bases and scientific researchers are the most crucial effect factors of the evaluation, and demonstrative bases, research funding, title of a technical or professional post are the more crucial factors.

  Human Resource Development in Rural Areas of Western China 2010, 26 (23):  437-440.  Abstract + ( 1171 )   PDF ( 643607KB )   ( 933 ) The development of rural human resource is urgently needed as the rural area of western China is facing the strategic opportunity of large-scale development of China's western region. However, the capability of rural human resource is not high, their mobility is poor and demographic dividend is going to dry up. All of those possess challenge to the development of West region and the coordinated development of urban and rural. Based on analyzing the necessity of human resource in western China, this paper proposed some measures to realize the sustainable development of rural human resource which including increasing support from governments and management innovation, promoting the education and training in rural areas, building up system for human resource market in rural areas.

  Preventive Deposit Impact Analysis to Countryside Resident Consumption Structure of Ji Lin Province 2010, 26 (23):  441-445.  Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 526410KB )   ( 832 ) Jilin Province countryside resident Engel's coefficient is lower than the developed area of eastern part through the investigation and study， but its living standard is actually lower, the consumption structure is unreasonable, for find out the causes this article has constructed the consumption structure model with the Panel Data model, model be made on the based of educates, medical, the housing, food price change represents resident's preventive deposit motive producing the result that the occupies effect and income effect combined, then the paper has carried on the analysis to the model parameter estimated value, discovered the reason that has affected the Jilin Province countryside resident consumption pattern, provided certain reference for the government department policy making, provided certain guidance function for the farmer expended reasonably.

  Study on Spatial Difference of Urban Land Intensive Use in Hunan Province 2010, 26 (23):  446-450.  Abstract + ( 1323 )   PDF ( 629217KB )   ( 989 ) From the reality of regional development in Hunan Province, this paper constructed the comprehensive evaluation index system based on land-use intensity, land-use input, land-use benefit and land environmental quality, and also with the method of principal component analysis. It had a integrative evaluation and analysis towards the urban land intensive use level of Hunan Province in 2007. Then, the study showed us the following results：(1) Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration has a relatively high level of urban land use intensive; (2) Intensive level of urban land-use in Hunan Province is significantly different, decreasing from the east to the west; (3) Intensive level of urban land-use is mainly affected by the economic development level, and the two has consistency.

  The Study of Finance and Insurance Support Innovation for the Promotion of Agricultural Water-saving Techniques in Our Country 2010, 26 (23):  451-454.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 503914KB )   ( 953 ) To promote the development of agricultural water-saving techniques, we must strengthen the finance and insurance support. Through the analysis of the status in the promotion of agricultural water-saving techniques and the situation of financial and insurance support, we found that although some achievements have obtained, there are still some problems of the imperfect financial system, the ineffective support measures at banks and finance, the slowing growth at the number of agriculture-related loans, the low level at financial services, the less agriculture-related insurance institutions, the small insurance coverage, and the weak ability of risk transfer. To support agricultural water-saving techniques, we should make some innovation in the financial system, the support measures at banks and finance, the raising amount at the agriculture-related loan, the service efficiency at finance, the development of corresponding risk insurance for local risk transfer and reinsurance for regional or international risk transfer.

  Research on University Mode of Non-material Cultural Heritage Protection on Cold Zone Black Glebe——Taking Suihua Farming Culture as an Example 2010, 26 (23):  455-458.  Abstract + ( 1116 )   PDF ( 491432KB )   ( 854 ) Non-material cultural heritage protection problems becoming increasingly apparent by the impacting of western industrial civilization, restricting of traditional concepts, and lacking of effective protection measures. Exerted higher education resource advantages, local university, took education inheritance for the way, integrated non-material cultural heritage protection in teaching, science and social development services. It formed a new mode of non-material cultural heritage protection with the cold zone black glebe characteristic.